Transgenic Plant-Based Methods for Plant Pests Using Rnai

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to methods for controlling pest infestation using double stranded RNA molecules. The invention provides methods for making transgenic plants that express the double stranded RNA molecules, as well as pesticidal agents and commodity products produced by the inventive plants.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to genetic control of pest infestations. More specifically, the present invention relates to double-stranded RNA recombinant technologies for repressing or inhibiting expression of a target coding sequence in a pest.

INTRODUCTION

The environment is replete with pests and numerous methods have attempted to control pests infestations of plants. Compositions for controlling microscopic pest infestations have been provided in the form of antibiotic, antiviral, and antifungal compositions. Methods for controlling infestations by larger pests, such as nematodes, have typically been in the form of chemical compositions that are applied to the surfaces on which pests reside, or administered to infested animals in the form of pellets, powders, tablets, pastes, or capsules.

Commercial crops are often the targets of insect attack. Substantial progress has been made in the last a few decades towards developing more efficient methods and compositions for controlling insect infestations in plants. Chemical pesticides have been very effective in eradicating pest infestations. However, there are several disadvantages to using chemical pesticidal agents. Not only are chemical pesticides potentially detrimental to the environment, but chemical pesticides are not selective and are harmful to various crops and non-target fauna. Chemical pesticides persist in the environment and generally are slow to be metabolized, if at all. They accumulate in the food chain, and particularly in the higher predator species. Accumulation of these chemical pesticidal agents results in the development of resistance to the agents and in species higher up the evolutionary ladder, can act as mutagens and/or carcinogens to cause irreversible and deleterious genetic modifications.

Because of the dangers associated with chemical pesticides, molecular approaches have been developed for controlling pest infestations on plants. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) bacteria have been commercially available and used as environmentally safe and acceptable insecticides for more than thirty years. The decrease in application of chemical pesticidal agents has resulted in cleaner soils and cleaner waters running off of the soils into the surrounding streams, rivers, ponds and lakes. In addition to these environmental benefits, there has been a noticeable increase in the numbers of beneficial insects in crop fields in which transgenic insect resistant crops are grown because of the decrease in the use of chemical insecticidal agents.

RNA Interference (RNAi) provides a potentially powerful tool for controlling gene expression because of its specificity of target selection and remarkably high efficiency in target mRNA suppression. RNAi refers to the process of sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (Zamore, P. et al., Cell 101:25-33 (2000); Fire, A. et al., Nature 391:806 (1998); Hamilton et al., Science 286, 950-951 (1999); Lin et al., Nature 402:128-129 (1999)). While the mechanics underlying RNAi are not fully characterized, it is thought that the presence of dsRNA in a cell triggers RNAi by activating the ribonuclease III enzyme Dicer (Zamore, P. et al., (2000); Hammond et al., Nature 404, 293 (2000)). Dicer processes the dsRNA into short pieces called short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are about 21 to about 23 nucleotides long and comprise about 19 base pair duplexes (Zamore et al., (2000); Elbashir et al., Genes Dev., 15, 188 (2001)). Following delivery into cells, the siRNA molecules associate with an endonuclease complex, commonly referred to as an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which brings together the antisense strand of the siRNA and the cellular mRNA gene target. RISC cleaves the mRNA, which is then released and degraded. Importantly, RISC is then capable of degrading additional copies of the target mRNA.

Accordingly, the present invention provides methods and compositions for controlling pest infestation by repressing, delaying, or otherwise reducing gene expression within a particular pest.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides an isolated nucleotide sequence comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481. In one embodiment, there is provided a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence produced from the expression of a polynucleotide sequence, wherein ingestion of said ribonucleotide sequence by a plant pest inhibits the growth of said pest. In a further embodiment, ingestion of said sequence inhibits expression of a nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to said sequence. In another embodiment, a cell transformed with the polynucleotide. In yet another embodiment, a plant or plant cell is transformed with the polynucleotide. In a further embodiment, a seed or product is produced from the transformed plant. In a still further embodiment, the product is selected from the group consisting of food, feed, fiber, paper, meal, protein, starch, flour, silage, coffee, tea, and oil.

In another aspect, the invention provides a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481. In one embodiment, there is provided a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence produced from the expression of a polynucleotide sequence, wherein ingestion of said ribonucleotide sequence by a plant pest inhibits the growth of said pest. In a further embodiment, ingestion of said sequence inhibits expression of a nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to said sequence. In another embodiment, a cell transformed with the polynucleotide. In yet another embodiment, a plant or plant cell is transformed with the polynucleotide. In a further embodiment, a seed or product is produced from the transformed plant. In a still further embodiment, the product is selected from the group consisting of food, feed, fiber, paper, meal, protein, starch, flour, silage, coffee, tea, and oil.

In another aspect, the invention provides an ortholog of a gene comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleotides of any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481, or a complement thereof. In one embodiment, there is provided a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence produced from the expression of a polynucleotide sequence, wherein ingestion of said ribonucleotide sequence by a plant pest inhibits the growth of said pest. In a further embodiment, ingestion of said sequence inhibits expression of a nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to said sequence. In another embodiment, a cell transformed with the polynucleotide. In yet another embodiment, a plant or plant cell is transformed with the polynucleotide. In a further embodiment, a seed or product is produced from the transformed plant. In a still further embodiment, the product is selected from the group consisting of food, feed, fiber, paper, meal, protein, starch, flour, silage, coffee, tea, and oil.

In another aspect, the invention provides a plant comprising a double stranded ribonucleic acid sequence derived from a pest species. In one embodiment, the pest is selected from a group consisting of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, flatworms, roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, trypanosomes, schistosomes, botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, and lice. In another embodiment, the plant is cytoplasmic male steril. In another embodiment, the sequence inhibits a pest biological activity. In another embodiment, the sequence inhibits expression of a target sequence. In a further embodiment, the target sequence is an insect, nematode, bacteria, or fungi sequence.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling pest infestation, comprising providing a pest with plant material comprising a polynucleotide sequence that inhibits a pest biological activity. In one embodiment, the polynucleotide sequence is set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481, or a complement thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pesticide comprising a plant expressing a target polynucleotide sequence.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling pest infestation, comprising: (a) identifying a target sequence in a pest; (b) introducing said sequence into a plant; and (c) providing said plant, or portion thereof, to said pest.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling pest infestation, comprising: (a) identifying a target sequence in a first pest species; (b) searching for an orthologous target sequence in a second pest species; (c) introducing said orthologous sequence into a plant; and (d) providing said plant, or portion thereof, to said second pest. In another embodiment, the target is a gene from L. decemlineata and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gun hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for improving crop yield, comprising: (a) introducing a polynucleotide into a plant; and (b) cultivating said plant to allow polynucleotide expression, wherein said expression inhibits feeding by a pest and loss of yield due to pest infestation. In one embodiment, the pest is selected from the group consisting of insects, nematodes, and fungi. In another embodiment, polynucleotide expression produces an RNA molecule that suppresses a target gene in an insect pest that has ingested a portion of said crop plant, wherein said target gene performs at least one essential function selected from the group consisting of feeding by the pest, viability of the pest, pest cell apoptosis, differentiation and development of the pest or any pest cell, sexual reproduction by the pest, muscle formation, muscle twitching, muscle contraction, juvenile hormone formation and/or reduction, juvenile hormone regulation, ion regulation and transport, maintenance of cell membrane potential, amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, sperm formation, pheromone synthesis, pheromone sensing, antennae formation, wing formation, leg formation, egg formation, larval maturation, digestive enzyme formation, haemolymph synthesis, haemolymph maintenance, neurotransmission, larval stage transition, pupation, emergence from pupation, cell division, energy metabolism, respiration, cytoskeletal structure synthesis and maintenance, nucleotide metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, water use, water retention, and sensory perception.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a commodity product, comprising: (a) identifying a target sequence in a pest; (b) introducing said sequence into a plant cell; (c) growing said plant cell under conditions suitable for generating a plant; and (d) producing a commodity product from said plant or part thereof. In another embodiment, the target is a gene from L. decemlineata and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from P. cochleariae and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, said target is a gene from E. varivets and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from A. grandis and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from T. castaneum and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from M. persicae and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from N. lugens and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from C. suppressalis and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from P. xylostella and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from A. domesticus and the plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the target is a gene from a fungus and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

In another embodiment, the invention provides the use of an isolated nucleotide sequence, a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence, a cell, a plant, or a product, for treating insect infestation of plants.

In another embodiment, the invention provides the use of an isolated nucleotide sequence, a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence, a cell, a plant, or a product, for treating nematode infestation of plants.

In another embodiment, the invention provides the use of an isolated nucleotide sequence, a double stranded ribonucleotide sequence, a cell, a plant, or a product, for treating fungal infestation of plants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1-LD: Survival of L. decemlineata on artificial diet treated with dsRNA. Insects of the second larval stage were fed diet treated with 50 μl of topically-applied solution of dsRNA (targets or gfp control). Diet was replaced with fresh diet containing topically-applied dsRNA after 7 days. The number of surviving insects were assessed at days 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, & 13. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). Target LD006: (SEQ ID NO: 178); Target LD007 (SEQ ID NO: 183); Target LD010 (SEQ ID NO: 188); Target LD011 (SEQ ID NO: 193); Target LD014 (SEQ ID NO: 198); gfp dsRNA (SEQ ID NO: 235).

FIG. 2-LD: Survival of L. decemlineata on artificial diet treated with dsRNA. Insects of the second larval stage were fed diet treated with 50 μl of topically-applied solution of dsRNA (targets or gfp control). Diet was replaced with fresh diet only after 7 days. The number of surviving insects was assessed at days 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, & 14. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). Target LD001 (SEQ ID NO: 163); Target LD002 (SEQ ID NO: 168); Target LD003 (SEQ ID NO: 173); Target LD015 (SEQ ID NO: 215); Target LD016 (SEQ ID NO: 220); gfp dsRNA (SEQ ID NO: 235).

FIG. 3-LD: Average weight of L. decemlineata larvae on potato leaf discs treated with dsRNA. Insects of the second larval stage were fed leaf discs treated with 20 μl of a topically-applied solution (10 ng/μl) of dsRNA (target LD002 or gfp). After two days the insects were transferred on to untreated leaves every day.

FIG. 4-LD: Survival of L. decemlineata on artificial diet treated with shorter versions of target LD014 dsRNA and concatemer dsRNA. Insects of the second larval stage were fed diet treated with 50 μl of topically-applied solution of dsRNA (gfp or targets). The number of surviving insects were assessed at days 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7. The percentage of surviving larvae were calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay).

FIG. 5-LD: Survival of L. decemlineata larvae on artificial diet treated with different concentrations of dsRNA of target LD002 (a), target LD007 (b), target LD010 (c), target LD011 (d), target LD014 (e), target LD015 (f), LD016 (g) and target LD027 (h). Insects of the second larval stage were fed diet treated with 50 μl of topically-applied solution of dsRNA. Diet was replaced with fresh diet containing topically-applied dsRNA after 7 days. The number of surviving insects were assessed at regular intervals. The percentage of surviving larvae were calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay).

FIG. 6-LD. Effects of E. coli strains expressing dsRNA target LD010 on survival of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, over time. The two bacterial strains were tested in separate artificial diet-based bioassays: (a) AB309-105; data points for pGBNJ03 and pGN29 represent average mortality values from 5 different bacterial clones, (b) BL21(DE3); data points for pGBNJ003 and pGN29 represent average mortality values from 5 different and one single bacterial clones, respectively. Error bars represent standard deviations.

FIG. 7-LD. Effects of different clones of E. coli strains (a) AB309-105 and (b) BL21(DE3) expressing dsRNA target LD010 on survival of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, 12 days post infestation. Data points are average mortality values for each clone for pGN29 and pGBNJ003. Clone 1 of AB309-105 harbouring plasmid pGBNJ003 showed 100% mortality towards CPB at this timepoint. Error bars represent standard deviations.

FIG. 8-LD. Effects of different clones of E. coli strains (a) AB309-105 and (b) BL21(DE3) expressing dsRNA target LD010 on growth and development of larval survivors of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, 7 days post infestation. Data points are % average larval weight values for each clone (one clone for pGN29 and five clones for pGBNJ003) based on the data of Table 10. Diet only treatment represents 100% normal larval weight.

FIG. 9-LD. Survival of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, on potato plants sprayed by double-stranded RNA-producing bacteria 7 days post infestation. Number of larval survivors were counted and expressed in terms of % mortality. The bacterial host strain used was the RNaseIII-deficient strain AB309-105. Insect gene target was LD010.

FIG. 10-LD. Growth/developmental delay of larval survivors of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, fed on potato plants sprayed with dsRNA-producing bacteria 11 days post infestation; The bacterial host strain used was the RNaseIII-deficient strain AB309-105. Data figures represented as percentage of normal larval weight; 100% of normal larval weight given for diet only treatment. Insect gene target was LD010. Error bars represent standard deviations.

FIG. 11-LD. Resistance to potato damage caused by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, by double-stranded RNA-producing bacteria 7 days post infestation. Left, plant sprayed with 7 units of bacteria AB309-105 containing the pGN29 plasmid; right, plant sprayed with 7 units of bacteria Ab309-105 containing the pGBNJ003 plasmid. One unit is defined as the equivalent of 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at OD value of 1 at 600 nm. Insect gene target was LD010.

FIG. 12-LD. Survival of L. decemlineata adults on potato leaf discs treated with dsRNA. Young adult insects were fed double-stranded-RNA-treated leaf discs for the first two days and were then placed on untreated potato foliage. The number of surviving insects were assessed regularly; mobile insects were recorded as insects which were alive and appeared to move normally; moribund insects were recorded as insects which were alive but appeared sick and slow moving—these insects were not able to right themselves once placed on their backs. Target LD002 (SEQ ID NO: 168); Target LD010 (SEQ ID NO: 188); Target LD014 (SEQ ID NO: 198); Target LD016 (SEQ ID NO: 220); gfp dsRNA (SEQ ID NO: 235).

FIG. 13-LD. Effects of bacterial produced target double-stranded RNA against larvae of L. decemlineata. Fifty μl of an OD 1 suspension of heat-treated bacteria expressing dsRNA (SEQ ID NO: 188) was applied topically onto the solid artificial diet in each well of a 48-well plate. CPB larvae at L2 stage were placed in each well. At day 7, a picture was taken of the CPB larvae in a plate containing (a) diet with bacteria expressing target 10 double-stranded RNA, (b) diet with bacteria harbouring the empty vector pGN29, and, (c) diet only.

FIG. 14-LD Effects on CPB larval survival and growth of different amounts of inactivated E. coli AB309-105 strain harbouring plasmid pGBNJ003 topically applied to potato foliage prior to insect infestation. Ten L1 larvae were fed treated potato for 7 days. Amount of bacterial suspension sprayed on plants: 0.25 U, 0.08 U, 0.025 U, 0.008 U of target 10 and 0.25 U of pGN29 (negative control; also included is Milli-Q water). One unit (U) is defined as the equivalent bacterial amount present in 1 ml of culture with an optical density value of 1 at 600 nm. A total volume of 1.6 ml was sprayed on to each plant. Insect gene target was LD010.

FIG. 15-LD Resistance to potato damage caused by CPB larvae by inactivated E. coli AB309-105 strain harbouring plasmid pGBNJ03 seven days post infestation. (a) water, (b) 0.25 U E. coli AB309-105 harbouring pGN29, (c) 0.025 U E. coli AB309-105 harbouring pGBNJ003, (d) 0.008 U E. coli AB309-105 harbouring pGBNJ003. One unit (U) is defined as the equivalent bacterial amount present in 1 ml of culture with an optical density value of 1 at 600 nm. A total volume of 1.6 ml was sprayed on to each plant. Insect gene target was LD010.

FIG. 1-PC: Effects of ingested target dsRNAs on survival and growth of P. cochleariae larvae. Neonate larvae were fed oilseed rape leaf discs treated with 25 μl of topically-applied solution of 0.1 μg/μl dsRNA (targets or gfp control). After 2 days, the insects were transferred onto fresh dsRNA-treated leaf discs. At day 4, larvae from one replicate for every treatment were collected and placed in a Petri dish containing fresh untreated oilseed rape foliage. The insects were assessed at days 2, 4, 7, 9 & 11. (a) Survival of E. varivestis larvae on oilseed rape leaf discs treated with dsRNA. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). (b) Average weights of P. cochleariae larvae on oilseed rape leaf discs treated with dsRNA. Insects from each replicate were weighed together and the average weight per larva determined. Error bars represent standard deviations. Target 1: SEQ ID NO: 473; target 3: SEQ ID NO: 478; target 5: SEQ ID NO: 483-; target 10: SEQ ID NO: 488; target 14: SEQ ID NO: 493; target 16: SEQ ID NO: 498; target 27: SEQ ID NO: 503; gfp dsRNA: SEQ ID NO: 235.

FIG. 2-PC: Survival of P. cochleariae on oilseed rape leaf discs treated with different concentrations of dsRNA of (a) target PC010 and (b) target PC027. Neonate larvae were placed on leaf discs treated with 25 μl of topically-applied solution of dsRNA. Insects were transferred to fresh treated leaf discs at day 2. At day 4 for target PC010 and day 5 for target PC027, the insects were transferred to untreated leaves. The number of surviving insects were assessed at days 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 & 11 for PC010 and 2, 5, 8, 9 & 12 for PC027. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay).

FIG. 3-PC: Effects of E. coli strain AB309-105 expressing dsRNA target PC010 on survival of larvae of the mustard leaf beetle, P. cochleariae, over time. Data points for each treatment represent average mortality values from 3 different replicates. Error bars represent standard deviations. Target 10: SEQ ID NO: 488

FIG. 1-EV: Survival of E. varivestis larvae on bean leaf discs treated with dsRNA. Neonate larvae were fed bean leaf discs treated with 25 μl of topically-applied solution of 1 μg/μl dsRNA (targets or gfp control). After 2 days, the insects were transferred onto fresh dsRNA-treated leaf discs. At day 4, larvae from one treatment were collected and placed in a plastic box containing fresh untreated bean foliage. The insects were assessed for mortality at days 2, 4, 6, 8 & 10. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). Target 5: SEQ ID NO: 576; target 10: SEQ ID NO: 586; target 15: SEQ ID NO: 591; target 16: SEQ ID NO: 596; gfp dsRNA: SEQ ID NO: 235.

FIG. 2-EV: Effects of ingested target dsRNAs on survival of E. varivestis adults and resistance to snap bean foliar insect damage. (a) Survival of E. varivestis adults on bean leaf treated with dsRNA. Adults were fed bean leaf discs treated with 75 μl of topically-applied solution of 0.1 μg/μl dsRNA (targets or gfp control). After 24 hours, the insects were transferred onto fresh dsRNA-treated leaf discs. After a further 24 hours, adults from one treatment were collected and placed in a plastic box containing potted fresh untreated whole bean plants. The insects were assessed for mortality at days 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 11. The percentage of surviving adults was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). Target 10: SEQ ID NO: 586; target 15: SEQ ID NO: 591; target 16: SEQ ID NO: 596; gfp dsRNA: SEQ ID NO: 235. (b) Resistance to bean foliar damage caused by adults of the E. varivestis by dsRNA. Whole plants containing insects from one treatment (see (a)) were checked visually for foliar damage on day 9. (i) target 10; (ii) target 15; (iii) target 16; (iv) gfp dsRNA; (v) untreated.

FIG. 1-TC: Survival of T. castaneum larvae on artificial diet treated with dsRNA of target 14. Neonate larvae were fed diet based on a flour/milk mix with 1 mg dsRNA target 14. Control was water (without dsRNA) in diet. Four replicates of 10 first instar larvae per replicate were performed for each treatment. The insects were assessed for survival as average percentage means at days 6, 17, 31, 45 and 60. The percentage of surviving larvae was calculated relative to day 0 (start of assay). Error bars represent standard deviations. Target TC014: SEQ ID NO: 878.

FIG. 1-MP: Effect of ingested target 27 dsRNA on the survival of Myzus persicae nymphs. First instars were placed in feeding chambers containing 50 μl of liquid diet with 2 μg/μl dsRNA (target 27 or gfp dsRNA control). Per treatment, 5 feeding chambers were set up with 10 instars in each feeding chamber. Number of survivors were assessed at 8 days post start of bioassay. Error bars represent standard deviations. Target MP027: SEQ ID NO: 1061; gfp dsRNA: SEQ ID NO: 235.

FIG. 1-NL: Survival of Nilaparvata lugens on liquid artificial diet treated with dsRNA. Nymphs of the first to second larval stage were fed diet supplemented with 2 mg/ml solution of dsRNA targets in separate bioassays: (a) NL002, NL003, NL005, NL010; (b) NL009, NL016; (c) NL014, NL018; (d) NL013, NL015, NL021. Insect survival on targets were compared to diet only and diet with gfp dsRNA control at same concentration. Diet was replaced with fresh diet containing dsRNA every two days. The number of surviving insects were assessed every day

FIG. 2-NL: Survival of Nilaparvata lugens on liquid artificial diet treated with different concentrations of target dsRNA NL002. Nymphs of the first to second larval stage were fed diet supplemented with 1, 0.2, 0.08, and 0.04 mg/ml (final concentration) of NL002. Diet was replaced with fresh diet containing dsRNA every two days. The numbers of surviving insects were assessed every day.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a means for controlling pest infestations by administering to a pest a target coding sequence that post-transcriptionally represses or inhibits a requisite biological function in the pest. In one aspect, the invention contemplates feeding a pest with one or more double stranded or small interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules transcribed from all or a portion of a target coding sequence that is essential for the pest's sustenance and survival. Therefore, the present invention relates to sequence-specific inhibition of coding sequences using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), including small interfering RNA (siRNA), as a means for pest control.

Until now, it has been impractical to provide dsRNA molecules in the diet of most pest species because RNA molecules are easily degraded by nucleases in the environment and were thought unstable in mildly alkaline or acidic environments, such as those found in the digestive tracts of most invertebrate pests. Therefore, there has existed a need for improved methods of modulating gene expression by repressing, delaying, or otherwise reducing gene expression within a particular pest for the purpose of controlling pest infestation or to introduce novel phenotypic traits.

The inventors herein have identified means for controlling pest infestation by providing a dsRNA molecules in the diet of said pest. The sequence of the dsRNA corresponds to part or whole of an essential pest gene and causes downregulation of the pest target via RNA interference (RNAi). As a result of the downregulation of mRNA, the dsRNA prevents expression of the target pest protein and results in one or more of (but not limited to) the following attributes: reduction in feeding by the pest, reduction in viability of the pest, death of the pest, inhibition of differentiation and development of the pest, absence of or reduced capacity for sexual reproduction by the pest, muscle formation, juvenile hormone formation, juvenile hormone regulation, ion regulation and transport, maintenance of cell membrane potential, amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, sperm formation, pheromone synthesis, pheromone sensing, antennae formation, wing formation, leg formation, development and differentiation, egg formation, larval maturation, digestive enzyme formation, haemolymph synthesis, haemolymph maintenance, neurotransmission, cell division, energy metabolism, respiration, apoptosis, and any component of a eukaryotic cells' cytoskeletal structure, such as, for example, actins and tubulins. Any one or any combination of these attributes can result in effective inhibition of pest infestation, and in the case of a plant pest, inhibition of plant infestation.

All technical terms employed in this specification are commonly used in biochemistry, molecular biology and agriculture; hence, they are understood by those skilled in the field to which this invention belongs. Those technical terms can be found, for example in: MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 3rd ed., vol. 1-3, ed. Sambrook and Russel, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2001; CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, ed. Ausubel et al., Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1988 (with periodic updates); SHORT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: A COMPENDIUM OF METHODS FROM CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 5^(th) ed., vol. 1-2, ed. Ausubel et al., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002; GENOME ANALYSIS: A LABORATORY MANUAL, vol. 1-2, ed. Green et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1997.

Methodology involving plant biology techniques are described here and also are described in detail in treatises such as METHODS IN PLANT MOLEULAR BIOLOGY: A LABORATORY COURSE MANUAL, ed. Maliga et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1995. Various techniques using PCR are described, for example, in Innis et al., PCR PROTOCOLS: A GUIDE TO METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, Academic Press, San Diego, 1990 and in Dieffenbach and Dveksler, PCR PRIMER: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2^(nd) ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2003. PCR-primer pairs can be derived from known sequences by known techniques such as using computer programs intended for that purpose, e.g., Primer, Version 0.5, 1991, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass. Methods for chemical synthesis of nucleic acids are discussed, for example, in Beaucage & Caruthers, Tetra. Letts. 22: 1859-62 (1981), and Matteucci & Caruthers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103: 3185 (1981).

Restriction enzyme digestions, phosphorylations, ligations, and transformations were done as described in Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd ed. (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All reagents and materials used for the growth and maintenance of bacterial cells were obtained from Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis.), DIFCO Laboratories (Detroit, Mich.), Invitrogen (Gaithersburg, Md.), or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, Mo.) unless otherwise specified.

Agrobacterium or bacterial transformation: as is well known in the field, Agrobacteria that are used for transforming plant cells are disarmed and virulent derivatives of, usually, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, that contain a vector. The vector typically contains a desired polynucleotide that is located between the borders of a T-DNA. However, any bacteria capable of transforming a plant cell may be used, such as, Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, SinoRhizobium meliloti, and MesoRhizobium loti.

Angiosperm: vascular plants having seeds enclosed in an ovary. Angiosperms are seed plants that produce flowers that bear fruits. Angiosperms are divided into dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants.

Biological activity refers to the biological behavior and effects of a protein or peptide and its manifestations on a pest. For example, an inventive RNAi may prevent translation of a particular mRNA, thereby inhibiting the biological activity of the protein encoded by the mRNA or other biological activity of the pest.

In the present description, an RNAi molecule may inhibit a biological activity in a pest, resulting in one or more of (but not limited to) the following attributes: reduction in feeding by the pest, reduction in viability of the pest, death of the pest, inhibition of differentiation and development of the pest, absence of or reduced capacity for sexual reproduction by the pest, muscle formation, juvenile hormone formation, juvenile hormone regulation, ion regulation and transport, maintenance of cell membrane potential, amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, sperm formation, pheromone synthesis, pheromone sensing, antennae formation, wing formation, leg formation, development and differentiation, egg formation, larval maturation, digestive enzyme formation, haemolymph synthesis, haemolymph maintenance, neurotransmission, cell division, energy metabolism, respiration, apoptosis, and any component of a eukaryotic cells' cytoskeletal structure, such as, for example, actins and tubulins.

Commodity product encompasses any product made or otherwise derived from a plant, including but not limited to food, feed, fiber, paper, meal, protein, starch, flour, silage, coffee, tea, and oil.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) refers to single-stranded DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template. Though there are several methods, cDNA is most often synthesized from mature (fully spliced) mRNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme operates on a single strand of mRNA, generating its complementary DNA based on the pairing of RNA base pairs (A, U, G, C) to their DNA complements (T, A, C, G). Two nucleic acid strands are substantially complementary when at least 85% of their bases pair.

Desired Polynucleotide: a desired polynucleotide of the present invention is a genetic element, such as a promoter, enhancer, or terminator, or gene or polynucleotide that is to be transcribed and/or translated in a transformed cell that comprises the desired polynucleotide in its genome. If the desired polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein product, the coding region may be operably linked to regulatory elements, such as to a promoter and a terminator, that bring about expression of an associated messenger RNA transcript and/or a protein product encoded by the desired polynucleotide. Thus, a “desired polynucleotide” may comprise a gene that is operably linked in the 5′- to 3′-orientation, a promoter, a gene that encodes a protein, and a terminator. Alternatively, the desired polynucleotide may comprise a gene or fragment thereof, in a “sense” and/or “antisense” orientation, the transcription of which produces nucleic acids that may affect expression of an endogenous gene in the plant cell. A desired polynucleotide may also yield upon transcription a double-stranded RNA product upon that initiates RNA interference of a gene to which the desired polynucleotide is associated. A desired polynucleotide of the present invention may be positioned within a vector, such that the left and right border sequences flank or are on either side of the desired polynucleotide. The present invention envisions the stable integration of one or more desired polynucleotides into the genome of at least one host cell. A desired polynucleotide may be mutated or a variant of its wild-type sequence. It is understood that all or part of the desired polynucleotide can be integrated into the genome of a host. It also is understood that the term “desired polynucleotide” encompasses one or more of such polynucleotides. Thus, a vector of the present invention may comprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more desired polynucleotides.

Dicotyledonous plant (dicot) is a flowering plant whose embryos have two seed halves or cotyledons, branching leaf veins, and flower parts in multiples of four or five. Examples of dicots include but are not limited to, Eucalyptus, Populus, Liquidamber, Acacia, teak, mahogany, cotton, tobacco, Arabidopsis, tomato, potato, sugar beet, broccoli, cassava, sweet potato, pepper, poinsettia, bean, alfalfa, soybean, carrot, strawberry, lettuce, oak, maple, walnut, rose, mint, squash, daisy, geranium, avocado, and cactus.

Foreign, with respect to a nucleic acid, means that that nucleic acid is derived from non-host organisms. According to the present invention, foreign DNA or RNA represents nucleic acids that are naturally occurring in the genetic makeup of fungi, bacteria, viruses, mammals, fish or birds, but are not naturally occurring in the host that is to be transformed. Thus, a foreign nucleic acid is one that encodes, for instance, a polypeptide that is not naturally produced by the transformed host. A foreign nucleic acid does not have to encode a protein product.

Fungi or fungal cell(s) as used herein refers to any cell present within or derived from an organism belonging to the Kingdom Fungi. The methods of the invention are applicable to all fingi and fungal cells that are susceptible to gene silencing by RNA interference and that are capable of internalising double-stranded RNA from their immediate environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fungus may be a mould, or more particularly a filamentous fungus. In other embodiments of the invention, the fungus may be a yeast.

In one embodiment the fungus may be an ascomycetes fungus, i.e. a fungus belonging to the Phylum Ascomycota.

In preferred, but non-limiting, embodiments and methods of the invention the fungal cell is chosen from the group consisting of:

a fungal cell of, or a cell derived from a plant pathogenic fungus, such as but not limited to Acremoniella spp., Allomyces spp., Alternaria spp. (e.g. Alternaria brassicola or Alternaria solani), Amorphothec spp., Ascochyta spp. (e.g. Ascochyta pisi), Aspergillius spp., Aureobasidium spp., Blastocladiella spp., Botrytis spp. (e.g. Botrytis cinerea or Botryotinia fuckeliana), Candida spp., Cladosporium spp., Cercospora spp. (e.g. Cercospora kikuchii or Cercospora zaea-maydis), Chaetomium spp., Cladosporium spp. (e.g. Cladosporium fulvum), Colletotrichum spp. (e.g. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), Coccidioides spp., Conidiobolus spp., Coprinopsis spp., Corynascus spp., Cryphonectria spp., Cryptococcus spp., Cunninghamella spp., Curvularia spp., Debarymyces spp., Diplodia spp. (e.g. Diplodia maydis), Emericella ssp., Encephalitozoon spp., Eremothecium spp., Erysiphe spp. (e.g. Erysiphe graminis f.sp. graminis, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei or Erysiphe pisi), Erwinia armylovora, Fusarium spp. (e.g. Fusarium nivale, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium germinearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme or Fusarium roseum), Gaeumanomyces spp. (e.g. Gaeumanomyces graminis f.sp. tritici), Geomyces spp., Gibberella spp. (e.g. Gibberella zeae), Gloeophyllum spp., Glomus spp., Helminthosporium spp. (e.g. Helminthosporium turcicum, Helminthosporium carbonum, Helminthosporium mavdis or Helminthosporium sigmoideum), Hypocrea spp., Kluyveromyces spp., Lentinula spp., Leptosphaeria salvinii, Leucosporidium spp., Macrophomina spp. (e.g. Macrophomina phaseolina), Magnaportha spp. (e.g. Magnaporthe oryzae), Metharhizium spp., Mucor spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Neurospora spp., Nectria spp. (e.g. Nectria heamatococca), Ophiostoma spp., Paracocidioides spp, Peronospora spp. (e.g. Peronospora manshurica or Peronospora tabacina), Phoma spp. (e.g. Phoma betae), Phaeopsheria spp., Phanerochaete, spp., Phakopsora spp. (e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Phymatotrichum spp. (e.g. Phymatotrichum omnivorum), Phytophthora spp. (e.g. Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora phaseoli, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. soiae or Phytophthora infestans), Plasmopara spp. (e.g. Plasmopara viticola), Pneumocystis spp., Podosphaera spp. (e.g. Podosphaera leucotricha), Puccinia spp. (e.g. Puccinia sorghi, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia recondita or Puccinia arachidis), Pythium spp. (e.g. Pythium aphanidermatum), Pyronema spp., Pyrenophora spp. (e.g. Pyrenophora tritici-repentens or Pyrenophora teres), Pyricularia spp. (e.g. Pyricularia oryzae), Pythium spp: (e.g. Pythium ultimum), Rhincosporium secalis, Rhizoctonia spp. (e.g. Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae or Rhizoctonia cerealis), Rhizopus spp. (e.g. Rhizopus chinensid), Saccharomyces spp., Scerotium spp. (e.g. Scerotium rolfsii), Sclerotinia spp. (e.g. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Septoria spp. (e.g. Septoria lycopersici, Septoria glycines, Septoria nodorum or Septoria tritici), Spizellomyces spp., Thermomyces spp., Thielaviopsis spp. (e.g. Thielaviopsis basicola), Tilletia spp., Trametes spp., Trichoderma spp. (e.g. Trichoderma virde), Trichophyton spp., Uncinula spp. (e.g. Uncinula necator), Ustilago maydis (e.g. corn smut), Venturia spp. (e.g. Venturia inaequalis or Venturia pirina) Yarrwia spp. or Verticillium spp. (e.g. Verticillium dahliae or Verticillium albo-atrum);

Gene refers to a polynucleotide sequence that comprises control and coding sequences necessary for the production of a polypeptide or precursor. The polypeptide can be encoded by a full length coding sequence or by any portion of the coding sequence. A gene may constitute an uninterrupted coding sequence or it may include one or more introns, bound by the appropriate splice junctions. Moreover, a gene may contain one or more modifications in either the coding or the untranslated regions that could affect the biological activity or the chemical structure of the expression product, the rate of expression, or the manner of expression control. Such modifications include, but are not limited to, mutations, insertions, deletions, and substitutions of one or more nucleotides. In this regard, such modified genes may be referred to as “variants” of the “native” gene.

Genetic element is any discreet nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, a promoter, gene, terminator, intron, enhancer, spacer, 5′-untranslated region, 3′-untranslated region, or recombinase recognition site.

Genetic modification refers to the stable introduction of DNA into the genome of certain organisms by applying methods in molecular and cell biology.

“Gene suppression” or “down-regulation of gene expression” or “inhibition of gene expression” are used interchangeably and refer to a measurable or observable reduction in gene expression or a complete abolition of detectable gene expression, at the level of protein product and/or mRNA product from the target gene. Down-regulation or inhibition of gene expression is “specific” when down-regulation or inhibition of the target gene occurs without manifest effects on other genes of the pest.

Depending on the nature of the target gene, down-regulation or inhibition of gene expression in cells of a pest can be confirmed by phenotypic analysis of the cell or the whole pest or by measurement of mRNA or protein expression using molecular techniques such as RNA solution hybridization, nuclease protection, Northern hybridization, reverse transcription, gene expression monitoring with a microarray, antibody binding, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, radioimmunoassay (RIA), other immunoassays, or fluorescence-activated cell analysis (FACS).

Gymnosperm, as used herein, refers to a seed plant that bears seed without ovaries. Examples of gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and ephedras.

Homology, as used herein relates to sequences; Protein, or nucleotide sequences are likely to be homologous if they show a “significant” level of sequence similarity or more preferably sequence identity. Truly homologous sequences are related by divergence from a common ancestor gene. Sequence homologs can be of two types: (i) where homologs exist in different species they are known as orthologs. e.g. the α-globin genes in mouse and human are orthologs; (ii) paralogues are homologous genes within a single species. e.g. the α- and β-globin genes in mouse are paralogs.

Host cell refers to a microorganism, a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell, or cell line cultured as a unicellular entity that may be, or has been, used as a recipient for a recombinant vector or other transfer of polynucleotides, and includes the progeny of the original cell that has been transfected. The progeny of a single cell may not necessarily be completely identical in morphology or in genomic or total DNA complement as the original parent due to natural, accidental, or deliberate mutation.

Insect as used herein can be any insect, meaning any organism belonging to the Kingdom Animals, more specific to the Phylum Arthropoda, and to the Class Insecta or the Class Arachnida. The methods of the invention are applicable to all insects and that are susceptible to gene silencing by RNA interference and that are capable of internalising double-stranded RNA from their immediate environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the insect may belong to the following orders: Acari, Araneae, Anoplura, Coleoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Dictyoptera, Diplura, Diptera, Embioptera, Ephemeroptera, Grylloblatodea, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Mallophaga, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Phasmida, Plecoptera, Protura, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Siphunculata, Thysanura, Strepsiptera, Thysanoptera, Trichoptera, and Zoraptera.

In preferred, but non-limiting, embodiments and methods of the invention the insect is chosen from the group consisting of:

an insect which is a plant pest, such as but not limited to Nilaparvata spp. (e.g. N. lugens (brown planthopper)); Laodelphax spp. (e.g. L. striatellus (small brown planthopper)); Nephotettix spp. (e.g. N. virescens or N. cincticeps (green leafhopper), or N. nigropictus (rice leafhopper)); Sogatella spp. (e.g. S. furcifera (white-backed planthopper)); Blissus spp. (e.g. B. leucopterus leucopterus (chinch bug)); Scotinophora spp. (e.g. S. vermidulate (rice blackbug)); Acrosternum spp. (e.g. A. hilare (green stink bug)); Parnara spp. (e.g. P. guttata (rice skipper)); Chilo spp. (e.g. C. suppressalis (rice striped stem borer), C. auricilius (gold-fringed stem borer), or C. polychrysus (dark-headed stem borer)); Chilotraea spp. (e.g. C. polychrysa (rice stalk borer)); Sesamia spp. (e.g. S. inferens (pink rice borer)); Tryporyza spp. (e.g. T. innotata (white rice borer), or T. incertulas (yellow rice borer)); Cnaphalocrocis spp. (e.g. C. medinalis (rice leafroller)); Agromyza spp. (e.g. A. oryzae (leafminer), or A. parvicornis (corn blot leafminer)); Diatraea spp. (e.g. D. saccharalis (sugarcane borer), or D. grandiosella (southwestern corn borer)); Narnaga spp. (e.g. N. aenescens (green rice caterpillar)); Xanthodes spp. (e.g. X. transversa (green caterpillar)); Spodoptera spp. (e.g. S. frugiperda (fall armyworm), S. exigua (beet armyworm), S. littoralis (climbing cutworm) or S. praefica (western yellowstriped armyworm)); Mythimna spp. (e.g. Mythmna (Pseudaletia) seperata (armyworm)); Helicoverpa spp. (e.g. H. zea (corn earworm)); Colaspis spp. (e.g. C. brunnea (grape colaspis)); Lissorhoptrus spp. (e.g. L. oryzophilus (rice water weevil)); Echinocnemus spp. (e.g. E. squamos (rice plant weevil)); Diclodispa spp. (e.g. D. armigera (rice hispa)); Oulema spp. (e.g. O. oryzae (leaf beetle); Sitophilus spp. (e.g. S. oryzae (rice weevil)); Pachydiplosis spp. (e.g. P. oryzae (rice gall midge)); Hydrellia spp. (e.g. H. griseola (small rice leafminer), or H. sasakii (rice stem maggot)); Chlorops spp. (e.g. C. oryzae (stem maggot)); Ostrinia spp. (e.g. O. nubilalis (European corn borer)); Agrotis spp. (e.g. A. ipsilon (black cutworm)); Elasmopalpus spp. (e.g. E. lignosellus (lesser cornstalk borer)); Melanotus spp. (wireworms); Cyclocephala spp. (e.g. C. borealis (northern masked chafer), or C. immaculata (southern masked chafer)); Popillia spp. (e.g. P. japonica (Japanese beetle)); Chaetocnema spp. (e.g. C. pulicaria (corn flea beetle)); Sphenophorus spp. (e.g. S. maidis (maize billbug)); Rhopalosiphum spp. (e.g. R. maidis (corn leaf aphid)); Anuraphis spp. (e.g. A. maidiradicis (corn root aphid)); Melanoplus spp. (e.g. M. femurrubrum (redlegged grasshopper) M. differentialis (differential grasshopper) or M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper)); Hylemya spp. (e.g. H. platura (seedcorn maggot)); Anaphothrips spp. (e.g. A. obscrurus (grass thrips)); Solenopsis spp. (e.g. S. milesta (thief ant)); or spp. (e.g. T. urticae (twospotted spider mite), T. cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite); Helicoverpa spp. (e.g. H. zea (cotton bollworm), or H. armigera (American bollworm)); Pectinophora spp. (e.g. P. gossypiella (pink bollworm)); Earias spp. (e.g. E. vittella (spotted bollworm)); Heliothis spp. (e.g. H. virescens (tobacco budworm)); Anthonomus spp. (e.g. A. grandis (boll weevil)); Pseudatomoscelis spp. (e.g. P. seriatus (cotton fleahopper)); Trialeurodes spp. (e.g. T. abutiloneus (banded-winged whitefly) T. vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly)); Bemisia spp. (e.g. B. argentifoli (silverleaf whitefly)); Aphis spp. (e.g. A. gossypii (cotton aphid), A. mellifera); Lygus spp. (e.g. L. lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) or L. hesperus (western tarnished plant bug)); Euschistus spp. (e.g. E. conspersus (consperse stink bug)); Chlorochroa spp. (e.g. C. sayi (Say stinkbug)); Nezara spp. (e.g. N. viridula (southern green stinkbug)); Thrips spp. (e.g. T. tabaci (onion thrips)); Frankliniella spp. (e.g. F. fusca (tobacco thrips), or F. occidentalis (western flower thrips)); Leptinotarsa spp. (e.g. L. decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), L. juncta (false potato beetle), or L. texana (Texan false potato beetle)); Lema spp. (e.g. L. trilineata (three-lined potato beetle)); Epitrix spp. (e.g. E. cucumeris (potato flea beetle), E. hirtipennis (flea beetle), or E. tuberis (tuber flea beetle)); Epicauta spp. (e.g. E. vittata (striped blister beetle)); Empoasca spp. (e.g. E. fabae (potato leafhopper)); Myzus spp. (e.g. M. persicae (green peach aphid)); Paratrioza spp. (e.g. P. cockerelli (psyllid)); Conoderus spp. (e.g. C. falli (southern potato wireworm), or C. vespertinus (tobacco wireworm)); Phthorimaea spp. (e.g. P. operculella (potato tuberworm)); Macrosiphum spp. (e.g. M. euphorbiae (potato aphid)); Thyanta spp. (e.g. T. pallidovirens (redshouldered stinkbug)); Phthorimaea spp. (e.g. P. operculella (potato tuberworm)); Helicoverpa spp. (e.g. H. zea (tomato fruitworm); Keiferia spp. (e.g. K. lycopersicella (tomato pinworm)); Limonius spp. (wireworms); Manduca spp. (e.g. M. sexta (tobacco hornworm), or M. quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm)); Liriomyza spp. (e.g. L. sativae, L. trifolli or L. huidobrensis (leafminer)); Drosophilla spp. (e.g. D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. pseudoobscura or D. simulans); Carabus spp. (e.g. C. granulatus); Chironomus spp. (e.g. C. tentanus); Ctenocephalides spp. (e.g. C. felis (cat flea)); Diaprepes spp. (e.g. D. abbreviatus (root weevil)); Ips spp. (e.g. I. pini (pine engraver)); Tribolium spp. (e.g. T. castaneum (red floor beetle)); Glossina spp. (e.g. G. morsitans (tsetse fly)); Anopheles spp. (e.g. A. gambiae (malaria mosquito)); Helicoverpa spp. (e.g. H. armigera (African Bollworm)); Acyrthosiphon spp. (e.g. A. pisum (pea aphid)); Apis spp. (e.g. A. melifera (honey bee)); Homalodisca spp. (e.g. H. coagulate (glassy-winged sharpshooter)); Aedes spp. (e.g. Ae. aegypti (yellow fever mosquito)); Bombyx spp. (e.g. B. mori (silkworm), B. mandarina); Locusta spp. (e.g. L. migratoria (migratory locust)); Boophilus spp. (e.g. B. microplus (cattle tick)); Acanthoscurria spp. (e.g. A. gomesiana (red-haired chololate bird eater)); Diploptera spp. (e.g. D. punctata (pacific beetle cockroach)); Heliconius spp. (e.g. H. erato (red passion flower butterfly) or H. melpomene (postman butterfly)); Curculio spp. (e.g. C. glandium (acorn weevil)); Plutella spp. (e.g. P. xylostella (diamondback moth)); Amblyomma spp. (e.g. A. variegatum (cattle tick)); Anteraea spp. (e.g. A. yamamai (silkmoth)); Belgica spp. (e.g. B. antartica), Bemisa spp. (e.g. B. tabaci), Bicyclus spp., Biphillus spp., Callosobruchus spp., Choristoneura spp., Cicindela spp., Culex spp., Culicoides spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaprepes spp., Euclidia spp., Glossina spp., Gryllus spp., Hydropsyche spp., Julodis spp., Lonomia spp., Lutzomyia spp., Lysiphebus spp, Meladema spp, Mycetophagus spp., Nasonia spp., Oncometopia spp., Papilio spp., Pediculus spp., Plodia spp., Rhynchosciara spp., Sphaerius spp., Toxoptera spp., Trichoplusa spp., and Armigeres spp. (e.g. A. subalbatus);

“Pest control agent” or “gene suppression agent” refers to a particular RNA molecule comprising a first RNA segment and a second RNA segment, wherein the complementarity between the first and the second RNA segments results in the ability of the two segments to hybridize in vivo and in vitro to form a double stranded molecule. It may generally be preferable to include a third RNA segment linking and stabilizing the first and second sequences such that a stem can be formed linked together at one end of each of the first and second segments by the third segment to forms a loop, so that the entire structure forms into a stem and loop structure, or even more tightly hybridizing structures may form into a stem-loop knotted structure. Alternatively, a symmetrical hairpin could be formed without a third segment in which there is no designed loop, but for steric reasons a hairpin would create its own loop when the stem is long enough to stabilize itself. The first and the second RNA segments will generally lie within the length of the RNA molecule and be substantially inverted repeats of each other and linked together by the third RNA segment. The first and the second segments correspond invariably and not respectively to a sense and an antisense sequence with respect to the target RNA transcribed from the target gene in the target insect pest that is suppressed by the ingestion of the dsRNA molecule.

The pest control agent can also be a substantially purified (or isolated) nucleic acid molecule and more specifically nucleic acid molecules or nucleic acid fragment molecules thereof from a genomic DNA (gDNA) or cDNA library. Alternatively, the fragments may comprise smaller oligonucleotides having from about 15 to about 250 nucleotide residues, and more preferably, about 15 to about 30 nucleotide residues.

Introduction, as used herein, refers to the insertion of a nucleic acid sequence into a cell, by methods including infection, transfection, transformation, or transduction.

Monocotyledonous plant (monocot) is a flowering plant having embryos with one cotyledon or seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, and flower parts in multiples of three. Examples of monocots include, but are not limited to turfgrass, maize, rice, oat, wheat, barley, sorghum, orchid, iris, lily, onion, and palm.

Nematodes, or roundworms, are one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 20,000 different described species (over 15,000 are parasitic). They are ubiquitous in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts, and are found in locations as diverse as Antarctica and oceanic trenches. Further, there are a great many parasitic forms, including pathogens in most plants and animals.

The methods of the invention are applicable to all nematodes and that are susceptible to gene silencing by RNA interference and that are capable of internalising double-stranded RNA from their immediate environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the nematode may belong to the family of the Heteroderidae, encompassing the genera Heterodera and Globodera.

In preferred, but non-limiting, embodiments and methods of the invention the insect is chosen from the group comprising but not limited to: Meloidogyne spp. (e.g. M. incognita, M. javanica, M. graminicola, M. arenaria, M. chitwoodi, M. hapla or M. paranaensis); Heterodera spp. (e.g. H. oryzae, H. glycines, H. zeae or H. schachtii); Globodera spp. (e.g. G. pallida or G. rostochiensis); Rotylenchulus spp. (e.g. R. reniformis); Pratylenchus spp. (e.g. P. coffeae, P. Zeae or P. goodeyi); Radopholus spp. (e.g. R. similis); Hirschmaniella spp. (e.g. H. oryzae); Ancylostoma spp. (e.g. A. canninum, A. ceylanicum, A. duodenale or A. tubaeforme); Anisakid; Aphelenchoides spp. (e.g. A. Besseyi); Ascarids; Ascaris spp., (e.g. A. suum or A. lumbridoides); Belonolaimus spp.; Brugia spp. (e.g. B. malayi or B. pahangi); Bursaphelenchus spp.; Caenorhabditis spp. (e.g. C. elegans, C. briggsae or C. remanei); Clostridium spp. (e.g. C. acetobutylicum); Cooperia spp. (e.g. C. oncophora); Criconemoides spp.; Cyathostomum spp. (e.g. C. catinatum, C. coronatum or C. pateratum); Cylicocyclus spp. (e.g. C. insigne, C. nassatus or C. radiatus); Cylicostephanus spp. (e.g. C. goldi or C. longibursatus); Diphyllobothrium; Dirofilaria spp. (e.g. D. immitis); Ditylenchus spp. (e.g. D. dipsaci, D. destructor or D. Angustus); Enterobius spp. (e.g. E. vermicularis); Haemonchus spp. (e.g. H. contortus); Helicotylenchus spp.; Hoplolaimus spp.; Litomosoides spp. (e.g. L. sigmodontis); Longidorus spp. (e.g. L. macrosoma); Necator spp. (e.g. N. americanus); Nippostrongylus spp. (e.g. N. brasiliensis); Onchocerca spp. (e.g. O. volvulus); Ostertagia spp. (e.g. O. ostertagi); Parastrongyloides spp. (e.g. P. trichosuri); Paratrichodorus spp. (e.g. P. minor or P. teres); Parelaphostrongylus spp. (e.g. P. tenuis); Radophulus spp.; Scutellonerna. spp.; Strongyloides spp. (e.g. S. Ratti or S. stercoralis); Teladorsagia spp. (e.g. T. circumcincta); Toxascaris spp. (e.g. T. leonina); Toxocara spp. (e.g. T. canis or T. cati); Trichinella spp. (e.g. T. britovi, T. spiralis or T. spirae); Trichodorus spp. (e.g. T. similis); Trichuris spp. (e.g. T. muris, T. vulpis or T. trichiura); Tylenchulus spp.; Tylenchorhynchus spp.; Uncinaria spp. (e.g. U. stenocephala); Wuchereria spp. (e.g. W. bancrofti); Xiphinema spp. (e.g. X. Index or X. americanum).

Plant parasitic nematodes cause severe crop losses. The most common genera are: Aphelenchoides (foliar nematodes), Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes), Heterodera, Globodera (cyst nematodes) such as the potato root nematode, Nacobbus, Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes), Ditylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Trichodorus. Other nematodes attack bark and forest trees. The most important representative of this group is Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wood nematode, present in Asia and America and recently discovered in Europe.

Normal cell refers to a cell of an untransformed phenotype or exhibiting a morphology of a non-transformed cell of the tissue type being examined.

Operably linked means combining two or more molecules in such a fashion that in combination they function properly in a plant cell. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a structural gene when the promoter controls transcription of the structural gene.

Orthologs are genes that are related by vertical descent from a common ancestor and encode proteins with the same function in different species Due to their separation following a speciation event, orthologs may diverge, but usually have similarity at the sequence and structure levels. Two genes that are derived from a common ancestor and encode proteins with similar function are referred to as orthologous. Identification of orthologs is critical for reliable predictions of gene function in newly sequenced genomes.

Pest or target pest includes but not limited to insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, flatworms, roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, trypanosomes, schistosomes, botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, and lice that are pervasive in the human environment and damage plants. A pest may ingest or contact one or more cells, tissues, or products produced by a plant transformed with a double stranded gene suppression agent.

Pesticide refers to any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent, such as a transgenic plant, used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, nematodes, and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease, or are a nuisance.

Phenotype is a distinguishing feature or characteristic of a plant, which may be altered according to the present invention by integrating one or more “desired polynucleotides” and/or screenable/selectable markers into the genome of at least one plant cell of a transformed plant. The “desired polynucleotide(s)” and/or markers may confer a change in the phenotype of a transformed plant, by modifying any one of a number of genetic, molecular, biochemical, physiological, morphological, or agronomic characteristics or properties of the transformed plant cell or plant as a whole. Thus, expression of one or more, stably integrated desired polynucleotide(s) in a plant genome, may yield a phenotype selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, increased disease tolerance, increased insect tolerance, increased drought tolerance, enhanced cold and frost tolerance, improved vigor, enhanced color, enhanced health and nutritional characteristics, improved storage, enhanced yield, enhanced salt tolerance, enhanced heavy metal tolerance, increased water-stress tolerance, enhanced sweetness, improved vigor, improved taste, improved texture, decreased phosphate content, increased germination, increased micronutrient uptake, improved starch composition, and improved flower longevity.

Plant tissue: a “plant” is any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, and having cellulose cell walls. A part of a plant, i.e., a “plant tissue” may be treated according to the methods of the present invention to produce a transgenic plant. Many suitable plant tissues can be transformed according to the present invention and include, but are not limited to, somatic embryos, pollen, leaves, stems, calli, stolons, microtubers, and shoots. Thus, the present invention envisions the transformation of angiosperm and gymnosperm plants such as acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, corn, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gun hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, soybean, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine; tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

According to the present invention “plant tissue” also encompasses plant cells. Plant cells include suspension cultures, callus, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, roots, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, seeds and microspores. Plant tissues may be at various stages of maturity and may be grown in liquid or solid culture, or in soil or suitable media in pots, greenhouses or fields. A plant tissue also refers to any clone of such a plant, seed, progeny, propagule whether generated sexually or asexually, and descendents of any of these, such as cuttings or seed.

Plant transformation and cell culture: broadly refers to the process by which plant cells are genetically modified and transferred to an appropriate plant culture medium for maintenance, further growth, and/or further development. Such methods are well known to the skilled artisan.

Progeny: a “progeny” of the present invention, such as the progeny of a transgenic plant, is one that is born of, begotten by, or derived from a plant or the transgenic plant. Thus, a “progeny” plant, i.e., an “F1” generation plant is an offspring or a descendant of the transgenic plant produced by the inventive methods. A progeny of a transgenic plant may contain in at least one, some, or all of its cell genomes, the desired polynucleotide that was integrated into a cell of the parent transgenic plant by the methods described herein. Thus, the desired polynucleotide is “transmitted” or “inherited” by the progeny plant. The desired polynucleotide that is so inherited in the progeny plant may reside within a T-DNA construct, which also is inherited by the progeny plant from its parent. The term “progeny” as used herein, also may be considered to be the offspring or descendants of a group of plants.

Promoter: promoter is intended to mean a nucleic acid, preferably DNA that binds RNA polymerase and/or other transcription regulatory elements. As with any promoter, the promoters of the current invention will facilitate or control the transcription of DNA or RNA to generate an mRNA molecule from a nucleic acid molecule that is operably linked to the promoter. As stated earlier, the RNA generated may code for a protein or polypeptide or may code for an RNA interfering, or antisense molecule.

A plant promoter is a promoter capable of initiating transcription in plant cells whether or not its origin is a plant cell. Exemplary plant promoters include, but are not limited to, those that are obtained from plants, plant viruses, and bacteria such as Agrobacterium or Rhizobium which comprise genes expressed in plant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control include promoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain tissues, such as xylem, leaves, roots, or seeds. Such promoters are referred to as tissue-preferred promoters. Promoters which initiate transcription only in certain tissues are referred to as tissue-specific promoters. A cell type-specific promoter primarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs, for example, vascular cells in roots or leaves, e.g. a root-specific promoter. An inducible or repressible promoter is a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples of environmental conditions that may effect transcription by inducible promoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light. Tissue specific, tissue preferred, cell type specific, and inducible promoters constitute the class of non-constitutive promoters. A constitutive promoter is a promoter which is active under most environmental conditions, and in most plant parts.

Polynucleotide is a nucleotide sequence, comprising a gene coding sequence or a fragment thereof, a promoter, an intron, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation site, a translation initiation site, 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions, a reporter gene, a selectable marker or the like. The polynucleotide may comprise single stranded or double stranded DNA or RNA. The polynucleotide may comprise modified bases or a modified backbone. The polynucleotide may be genomic, an RNA transcript (such as an mRNA) or a processed nucleotide sequence (such as a cDNA). The polynucleotide may comprise a sequence in either sense or antisense orientations.

An isolated polynucleotide is a polynucleotide sequence that is not in its native state, e.g., the polynucleotide is comprised of a nucleotide sequence not found in nature or the polynucleotide is separated from nucleotide sequences with which it typically is in proximity or is next to nucleotide sequences with which it typically is not in proximity.

Recombinant nucleotide sequence refers to a nucleic acid molecule that contains a genetically engineered modification through manipulation via mutagenesis, restriction enzymes, and the like.

RNA interference (RNAi) refers to sequence-specific or gene-specific suppression of gene expression (protein synthesis) that is mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA).

Seed: a “seed” may be regarded as a ripened plant ovule containing an embryo, and a propagative part of a plant, as a tuber or spore. A seed may be incubated prior to microorganism-mediated transformation, in the dark, for instance, to facilitate germination. Seed also may be sterilized prior to incubation, such as by brief treatment with bleach. The resultant seedling can then be exposed to a desired bacterium for transformation

Selectable/screenable marker: a gene that, if expressed in plants or plant tissues, makes it possible to distinguish them from other plants or plant tissues that do not express that gene. Screening procedures may require assays for expression of proteins encoded by the screenable marker gene. Examples of selectable markers include the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene encoding kanamycin and geneticin resistance, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT or APHIV) gene encoding resistance to hygromycin, or other similar genes known in the art.

Sequence identity: as used herein, “sequence identity” or “identity” in the context of two nucleic acid sequences includes reference to the residues in the two sequences which are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence over a specified region. Where sequences differ in conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution. Sequences which differ by such conservative substitutions are said to have “sequence similarity” or “similarity.” Means for making this adjustment are well-known to those of skill in the art.

As used herein, percentage of sequence identity means the value determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences over a comparison window, wherein the portion of the polynucleotide sequence in the comparison window may comprise additions or deletions (i.e., gaps) as compared to the reference sequence (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which the identical nucleic acid base occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison and multiplying the result by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity.

“Sequence identity” has an art-recognized meaning and can be calculated using published techniques. See COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Lesk, ed. (Oxford University Press, 1988), BIOCOMPUTING: INFORMATICS AND GENOME PROJECTS, Smith, ed. (Academic Press, 1993), COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF SEQUENCE DATA, PART I, Griffin & Griffin, eds., (Humana Press, 1994), SEQUENCE ANALYSIS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Von Heinje ed., Academic Press (1987), SEQUENCE ANALYSIS PRIMER, Gribskov & Devereux, eds. (Macmillan Stockton Press, 1991), and Carillo & Lipton, SIAM J. Applied Math. 48: 1073 (1988). Methods commonly employed to determine identity or similarity between two sequences include but are not limited to those disclosed in GUIDE TO HUGE COMPUTERS, Bishop, ed., (Academic Press, 1994) and Carillo & Lipton, supra. Methods to determine identity and similarity are codified in computer programs. Preferred computer program methods to determine identity and similarity between two sequences include but are not limited to the GCG program package (Devereux et al., Nucleic Acids Research 12: 387 (1984)), BLASTN, FASTA (Atschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403 (1990)), and FASTDB (Brutlag et al., Comp. App. Biosci. 6: 237 (1990)).

Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) are short single-stranded RNAs having a high degree of secondary structure such that a portion of the RNA strand forms a hairpin loop.

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) refers to double-stranded RNA molecules from about 10 to about 30 nucleotides long that are named for their ability to specifically interfere with gene protein expression.

Target sequence refers to a nucleotide sequence in a pest that is selected for suppression or inhibition by double stranded RNA technology. A target sequence encodes an essential feature or biological activity within a pest.

Transcriptional terminators: The expression DNA constructs of the present invention typically have a transcriptional termination region at the opposite end from the transcription initiation regulatory region. The transcriptional termination region may be selected, for stability of the mRNA to enhance expression and/or for the addition of polyadenylation tails added to the gene transcription product. Translation of a nascent polypeptide undergoes termination when any of the three chain-termination codons enters the A site on the ribosome. Translation termination codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA.

Transfer DNA (T-DNA): an bacterial T-DNA is a genetic element that is well-known as an element capable of integrating a nucleotide sequence contained within its borders into another genome. In this respect, a T-DNA is flanked, typically, by two “border” sequences. A desired polynucleotide of the present invention and a selectable marker may be positioned between the left border-like sequence and the right border-like sequence of a T-DNA. The desired polynucleotide and selectable marker contained within the T-DNA may be operably linked to a variety of different, plant-specific (i.e., native), or foreign nucleic acids, like promoter and terminator regulatory elements that facilitate its expression, i.e., transcription and/or translation of the DNA sequence encoded by the desired polynucleotide or selectable marker.

Transformation of plant cells: A process by which a nucleic acid is stably inserted into the genome of a plant cell. Transformation may occur under natural or artificial conditions using various methods well known in the art. Transformation may rely on any known method for the insertion of nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols such as ‘refined transformation’ or ‘precise breeding’, viral infection, whiskers, electroporation, microinjection, polyethylene glycol-treatment, heat shock, lipofection and particle bombardment.

Transgenic plant: a transgenic plant of the present invention is one that comprises at least one cell genome in which an exogenous nucleic acid has been stably integrated. According to the present invention, a transgenic plant is a plant that comprises only one genetically modified cell and cell genome, or is a plant that comprises some genetically modified cells, or is a plant in which all of the cells are genetically modified. A transgenic plant of the present invention may be one that comprises expression of the desired polynucleotide, i.e., the exogenous nucleic acid, in only certain parts of the plant. Thus, a transgenic plant may contain only genetically modified cells in certain parts of its structure.

Variant: a “variant,” as used herein, is understood to mean a nucleotide sequence that deviates from the standard, or given, nucleotide sequence of a particular gene. The terms, “isoform,” “isotype,” and “analog” also refer to “variant” forms of a nucleotide sequence. An nucleotide sequence that is altered by the addition, removal or substitution of one or more nucleotides, may be considered a “variant” sequence. “Variant” may also refer to a “shuffled gene” such as those described in Maxygen-assigned patents.

It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, vectors, and reagents, etc., described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to “a gene” is a reference to one or more genes and includes equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth.

I. Target Pests

The present invention provides methodology and constructs for controlling pest infestations by administering to a pest a target coding sequence that post-transcriptionally represses or inhibits a requisite biological function in the pest. As used herein, the term “pest” refers to insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, flatworms, roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, trypanosomes, schistosomes, botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, and lice and the like that are pervasive in humans, animals, and plants. A pest may ingest or contact one or more cells, tissues, or products produced by a plant transformed with a double stranded gene suppression agent.

A “pest resistance” trait is a characteristic of a transgenic plant host that causes the plant to be resistant to attack from a pest that typically is capable of inflicting damage or loss to the plant. Such pest resistance can arise from a natural mutation or more typically from incorporation of recombinant DNA that confers pest resistance. To impart insect resistance to a transgenic plant, a recombinant DNA can, for example, be transcribed into a RNA molecule that forms a dsRNA molecule within the tissues or fluids of the recombinant plant. The dsRNA molecule is comprised in part of a segment of RNA that is identical to a corresponding RNA segment encoded from a DNA sequence within an insect pest that prefers to feed on the recombinant plant. Expression of the gene within the target insect pest is suppressed by the dsRNA, and the suppression of expression of the gene in the target insect pest results in the plant being insect resistant.

Suitable pests include any herbivore that causes damage to a plant or portion thereof. The invention contemplates insect, nematode, and fungal pests in particular.

Insect pests are of particular interest and include but are not limited to: from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp, Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia Nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.;

from the order Coleoptera, for example, Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.;

from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta ssp., and Schistocerca spp.;

from the order Isoptera, for example, Reticulitemes ssp;

from the order Psocoptera, for example, Liposcelis spp.;

from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.;

from the order Mallophaga, for example, Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.;

from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Franklinella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii;

from the order Heteroptera, for example, Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp., Triatoma spp., Miridae family spp. such as Lygus hesperus and Lygus lineoloris, Lygaeidae family spp. such as Blissus leucopterus, and Pentatomidae family spp.;

from the order Homoptera, for example, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lacanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nehotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla ssp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri;

from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius sppp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp, Solenopsis spp. and Vespa ssp.;

from the order Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomysa spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca ssp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.,

from the order Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp. und Xenopsylla cheopis and

from the order Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

Nematode pests of a particular interest include, for example, A. caninum, A. ceylancium, H. contortus, O. ostertagi, C. elegans, C. briggsae, P. pacificus, S. stercoralis, S. ratti, P. trichosuri, M. arenaria, M. chitwoodi, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica, M. paraensis, G. rostochiensis, G. pallida, H. glycines, H. schattii, P. penetrans, P. vulnus, R. similis, Z. punctata, A. suum, T. canis, B. malayi, D. immitis, O. volvulus, T. vulpis, T. spiralis, X. index, A. duodenale, A. lumbricoides, as well as species from the following genera: Aphelenchoides, Nacobbus, Ditylenchus, Longidorus, Trichodorus, and Bursaphelenchus.

Fungal pests of particular interest include but are not limited to Acremoniella spp., Alternaria spp. (e.g. Alternaria brassicola or Alternaria solani), Ascochyta spp. (e.g. Ascochyta pisi), Botrytis spp. (e.g. Botrytis cinerea or Botryotinia fuckeliana), Cladosporium spp., Cercospora spp. (e.g. Cercospora kikuchii or Cercospora zaea-maydis), Cladosporium spp. (e.g. Cladosporium fulvum), Colletotrichum spp. (e.g. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), Curvularia spp., Diplodia spp. (e.g. Diplodia maydis), Erysiphe spp. (e.g. Erysiphe graminis f.sp. graminis, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei or Erysiphe pisi), Erwinia armylovora, Fusarium spp. (e.g. Fusarium nivale, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium germinearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme or Fusarium roseum), Gaeumanomyces spp. (e.g. Gaeumanomyces graminis f.sp. tritici), Gibberella spp. (e.g. Gibberella zeae), Helminthosporium spp. (e.g. Helminthosporium turcicum, Helminthosporium carbonum, Helminthosporium mavdis or Helminthosporium sigmoideum), Leptosphaeria salvinii, Macrophomina spp. (e.g. Macrophomina phaseolina), Magnaportha spp. (e.g. Magnaporthe oryzae), Mycosphaerella spp., Nectria spp. (e.g. Nectria heamatococca), Peronospora spp. (e.g. Peronospora manshurica or Peronospora tabacina), Phoma spp. (e.g. Phoma betae), Phakopsora spp. (e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Phymatotrichum spp. (e.g. Phymatotrichum omnivorum), Phytophthora spp. (e.g. Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora phaseoli, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. soiae or Phytophthora infestans), Plasmopara spp. (e.g. Plasmopara viticola), Podosphaera spp. (e.g. Podosphaera leucotricha), Puccinia spp. (e.g. Puccinia sorghi, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, Puccinia asparagi, Puccinia recondita or Puccinia arachidis), Pythium spp. (e.g. Pythium aphanidermatum), Pyrenophora spp. (e.g. Pyrenophora tritici-repentens or Pyrenophora teres), Pyricularia spp. (e.g. Pyricularia oryzae), Pythium spp. (e.g. Pythium ultimum), Rhincosporium secalis, Rhizoctonia spp. (e.g. Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae or Rhizoctonia cerealis), Rhizopus spp. (e.g. Rhizopus chinensid), Scerotium spp. (e.g. Scerotium rolfsii), Sclerotinia spp. (e.g. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Septoria spp. (e.g. Septoria lycopersici, Septoria glycines, Septoria nodorum or Septoria tritici), Thielaviopsis spp. (e.g. Thielaviopsis basicola), Tilletia spp., Trichoderma spp. (e.g. Trichoderma virde), Uncinula spp. (e.g. Uncinula necator), Ustilago maydis (e.g. corn smut), Venturia spp. (e.g. Venturia inaequalis or Venturia pirina) or Verticillium spp. (e.g. Verticillium dahliae or Verticillium albo-atrum);

II. Identification of Target Sequences

The present invention provides a method for identifying and obtaining a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence for producing a dsRNA or siRNA. For example, such a method comprises: (a) probing a cDNA or genomic DNA library with a hybridization probe comprising all or a portion of a nucleotide sequence or a homolog thereof from a targeted insect; (b) identifying a DNA clone that hybridizes with the hybridization probe; (c) isolating the DNA clone identified in step (b); and (d) sequencing the cDNA or genomic DNA fragment that comprises the clone isolated in step (c) wherein the sequenced nucleic acid molecule transcribes all or a substantial portion of the RNA nucleotide acid sequence or a homolog thereof.

Additionally, the present invention contemplates a method for obtaining a nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleotide sequence for producing a substantial portion of a dsRNA or siRNA comprising: (a) synthesizing first and a second oligonucleotide primers corresponding to a portion of one of the nucleotide sequences from a targeted pest; and (b) amplifying a cDNA or genomic DNA template in a cloning vector using the first and second oligonucleotide primers of step (a) wherein the amplified nucleic acid molecule transcribes a substantial portion of a dsRNA or siRNA of the present invention.

In practicing the present invention, a target gene may be derived from any pest that causes damage to crop plants and subsequent yield losses. Several criteria may be employed in the selection of preferred target genes. The gene is one whose protein product has a rapid turnover rate, so that dsRNA inhibition will result in a rapid decrease in protein levels. In certain embodiments it is advantageous to select a gene for which a small drop in expression level results in deleterious effects for the recipient pest. If it is desired to target a broad range of insect species, for example, a gene is selected that is highly conserved across these species. Conversely, for the purpose of conferring specificity, in certain embodiments of the invention, a gene is selected that contains regions that are poorly conserved between individual insect species, or between insects and other organisms. In certain embodiments it may be desirable to select a gene that has no known homologs in other organisms.

As used herein, the term “derived from” refers to a specified nucleotide sequence that may be obtained from a particular specified source or species, albeit not necessarily directly from that specified source or species.

In one embodiment, a gene is selected that is expressed in the insect gut. Targeting genes expressed in the gut avoids the requirement for the dsRNA to spread within the insect. Target genes for use in the present invention may include, for example, those that share substantial homologies to the nucleotide sequences of known gut-expressed genes that encode protein components of the plasma membrane proton V-ATPase (Dow et al., 1997; Dow, 1999), for instance the V-ATPase B or E subunit. This protein complex is the sole energizer of epithelial ion transport and is responsible for alkalinization of the midgut lumen. The V-ATPase is also expressed in the Malpighian tubule, an outgrowth of the insect hindgut that functions in fluid balance and detoxification of foreign compounds in a manner analogous to a kidney organ of a mammal.

In another embodiment, a gene is selected that is essentially involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of an insect. Exemplary genes include but are not limited to the structural subunits of ribosomal proteins and a beta-container gene, CHD3 gene. Ribosomal proteins such as S4 (RpS4) and S9(RpS9) are structural constituents of the ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis and which are components of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit, the ribosomal proteins such as L9 and L19 are structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome. The beta-coatamer gene in C. elegans encodes a protein which is a subunit of a multimeric complex that forms a membrane vesicle coat Similar sequences have been found in diverse organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Related sequences are found in diverse organisms such as Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Epilachna varivetis, Anthonoinus grandis, Tibolium castaneum, Myzus persicae, Nilaparvata lugens, Chilo suppressalis, Plutella xylostella and Acheta domesticus. Other target genes for use in the present invention may include, for example, those that play important roles in viability, growth, development, reproduction, and infectivity. These target genes include, for example, house keeping genes, transcription factors, and insect specific genes or lethal knockout mutations in Caenorhabditis or Drosophila. The target genes for use in the present invention may also be those that are from other organisms, e.g., from a nematode (e.g., Meloidogyne spp. or Heterodera spp.), other insects or arachnidae (e.g. Leptinotarsa spp., Phaedon spp., Epilachna spp., Anthonomus spp., Tribolium spp., Myzus spp., Nilaparvata spp., Chilo spp., Plutella spp., or Acheta spp. Additionally, the nucleotide sequences for use as a target sequence in the present invention may also be derived from viral, bacterial, fungal, insect or fungal genes whose functions have been established from literature and the nucleotide sequences of which share substantial similarity with the target genes in the genome of an insect.

For many of the insects that are potential targets for control by the present invention, there may be limited information regarding the sequences of most genes or the phenotype resulting from mutation of particular genes. Therefore, genes may be selected based on information available concerning corresponding genes in a model organism, such as Caenorhabditis or Drosophila, or in some other insect species. Genes may also be selected based on available sequence information for other species, such as nematode or fungal species, in which the genes have been characterized. In some cases it will be possible to obtain the sequence of a corresponding gene from a target insect by searching databases, such as GenBank, using either the name of the gene or the gene sequence. Once the sequence is obtained, PCR may be used to amplify an appropriately selected segment of the gene in the insect for use in the present invention.

In order to obtain a DNA segment from the corresponding gene in an insect species, for example, PCR primers may be designed based on the sequence as found in C. elegans or Drosophila, or an insect from which the gene has already been cloned. The primers are designed to amplify a DNA segment of sufficient length for use in the present invention. Amplification conditions are selected so that amplification will occur even if the primers do not exactly match the target sequence. Alternately, the gene, or a portion thereof, may be cloned from a genomic DNA or cDNA library prepared from the insect pest species, using a known insect gene as a probe. Techniques for performing PCR and cloning from libraries are known. Further details of the process by which DNA segments from target insect pest species may be isolated based on the sequence of genes previously cloned from an insect species are provided in the Examples. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a variety of techniques may be used to isolate gene segments from insect pest species that correspond to genes previously isolated from other species.

III. Methods for Inhibiting or Suppressing a Target Gene

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting gene expression of one or multiple target genes in a target pest using dsRNA methods. The invention is particularly useful in the modulation of eukaryotic gene expression, in particular the modulation of expression of genes present in pests that exhibit a digestive system pH level that is from about 4.5 to about 9.5, more preferably from about 5.0 to about 8.0, and even more preferably from about 6.5 to about 7.5. For plant pests with a digestive system that exhibits pH levels outside of these ranges, delivery methods may be desired for use that do not require ingestion of dsRNA molecules.

The methods of the invention encompass the simultaneous or sequential provision of two or more different double-stranded RNAs or RNA constructs to the same insect, so as to achieve down-regulation or inhibition of multiple target genes or to achieve a more potent inhibition of a single target gene.

Alternatively, multiple targets are hit by the provision of one double-stranded RNA that hits multiple target sequences, and a single target is more efficiently inhibited by the presence of more than one copy of the double stranded RNA fragment corresponding to the target gene. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the double-stranded RNA construct comprises multiple dsRNA regions, at least one strand of each dsRNA region comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to at least part of a target nucleotide sequence of an insect target gene. According to the invention, the dsRNA regions in the RNA construct may be complementary to the same or to different target genes and/or the dsRNA regions may be complementary to targets from the same or from different insect species. Use of such dsRNA constructs in a plant host cell, thus establishes a more potent resistance to a single or to multiple insect species in the plant. In one embodiment, the double stranded RNA region comprises multiple copies of the nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the target gene. Alternatively, the dsRNA hits more than one target sequence of the same target gene. The invention thus encompasses isolated double stranded RNA constructs comprising at least two copies of said nucleotide sequence complementary to at least part of a nucleotide sequence of an insect target. DsRNA that hits more than one of the above-mentioned targets, or a combination of different dsRNA against different of the above mentioned targets are developed and used in the methods of the present invention. Suitable dsRNA nucleotides and dsRNA constructs are described in WO2006/046148 by applicant, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

The terms “hit”, “hits”, and “hitting” are alternative wordings to indicate that at least one of the strands of the dsRNA is complementary to, and as such may bind to, the target gene or nucleotide sequence.

The modulatory effect of dsRNA is applicable to a variety of genes expressed in the pests including, for example, endogenous genes responsible for cellular metabolism or cellular transformation, including house keeping genes, transcription factors, and other genes which encode polypeptides involved in cellular metabolism.

As used herein, the phrase “inhibition of gene expression” or “inhibiting expression of a target gene in the cell of an pest” refers to the absence (or observable decrease) in the level of protein and/or mRNA product from the target gene. Specificity refers to the ability to inhibit the target gene without manifest effects on other genes of the cell and without any effects on any gene within the cell that is producing the dsRNA molecule. The inhibition of gene expression of the target gene in the insect pest may result in novel phenotypic traits in the insect pest.

“Gene suppression” refers to any of the well-known methods for reducing the levels of gene transcription to mRNA and/or subsequent translation of the mRNA. Gene suppression is also intended to mean the reduction of protein expression from a gene or a coding sequence including posttranscriptional gene suppression and transcriptional suppression. Posttranscriptional gene suppression is mediated by the homology between of all or a part of a mRNA transcribed from a gene or coding sequence targeted for suppression and the corresponding double stranded RNA used for suppression, and refers to the substantial and measurable reduction of the amount of available mRNA available in the cell for binding by ribosomes. The transcribed RNA can be in the sense orientation to effect what is called co-suppression, in the anti-sense orientation to effect what is called anti-sense suppression, or in both orientations producing a dsRNA to effect what is called RNA interference (RNAi).

Transcriptional suppression is mediated by the presence in the cell of a dsRNA gene suppression agent exhibiting substantial sequence identity to a promoter DNA sequence or the complement thereof to effect what is referred to as promoter trans suppression. Gene suppression may be effective against a native plant gene associated with a trait, e.g., to provide plants with reduced levels of a protein encoded by the native gene or with enhanced or reduced levels of an affected metabolite. Gene suppression can also be effective against target genes in plant pests that may ingest or contact plant material containing gene suppression agents, specifically designed to inhibit or suppress the expression of one or more homologous or complementary sequences in the cells of the pest. Post-transcriptional gene suppression by anti-sense or sense oriented RNA to regulate gene expression in plant cells is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,107,065, 5,759,829, 5,283,184, and 5,231,020. The use of dsRNA to suppress genes in plants is disclosed in WO 99/53050, WO 99/49029, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0175965, and 2003/0061626, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/465,800, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,506,559, and 6,326,193.

A beneficial method of post transcriptional gene suppression in plants employs both sense-oriented and anti-sense-oriented, transcribed RNA which is stabilized, e.g., as a hairpin and stem and loop structure. A preferred DNA construct for effecting post transcriptional gene suppression is one in which a first segment encodes an RNA exhibiting an anti-sense orientation exhibiting substantial identity to a segment of a gene targeted for suppression, which is linked to a second segment in sense orientation encoding an RNA exhibiting substantial complementarity to the first segment. Such a construct forms a stem and loop structure by hybridization of the first segment with the second segment and a loop structure from the nucleotide sequences linking the two segments (see WO94/01550, WO98/05770, US 2002/0048814, and US 2003/0018993).

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a nucleotide sequence, for which in vitro expression results in transcription of a dsRNA sequence that is substantially homologous to an RNA molecule of a targeted gene in a pest that comprises an RNA sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence within the genome of the pest. Thus, after the pest ingests, or otherwise uptakes, the dsRNA sequence incorporated in a diet or sprayed on a plant surface, a down-regulation of the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the target gene in the cells of a target pest is affected.

Inhibition of a target gene using the dsRNA technology of the present invention is sequence-specific in that nucleotide sequences corresponding to the duplex region of the RNA are targeted for genetic inhibition. RNA containing a nucleotide sequences identical to a portion of the target gene is preferred for inhibition. RNA sequences with insertions, deletions, and single point mutations relative to the target sequence have also been found to be effective for inhibition. In performance of the present invention, it is preferred that the inhibitory dsRNA and the portion of the target gene share at least from about 80% sequence identity, or from about 85% sequence identity, or from about 90% sequence identity, or from about 95% sequence identity, or from about 99% sequence identity, or even about 100% sequence identity. Alternatively, the duplex region of the RNA may be defined functionally as a nucleotide sequence that is capable of hybridizing with a portion of the target gene transcript. A less than full length sequence exhibiting a greater homology compensates for a longer less homologous sequence. The length of the identical nucleotide sequences may be at least about 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 or at least about 1000 bases. Normally, a sequence of greater than 20-100 nucleotides should be used, though a sequence of greater than about 200-300 nucleotides would be preferred, and a sequence of greater than about 500-1000 nucleotides would be especially preferred depending on the size of the target gene. The invention has the advantage of being able to tolerate sequence variations that might be expected due to genetic mutation, strain polymorphism, or evolutionary divergence. The introduced nucleic acid molecule may not need to be absolute homology, may not need to be full length, relative to either the primary transcription product or fully processed mRNA of the target gene. Therefore, those skilled in the art need to realize that, as disclosed herein, 100% sequence identity between the RNA and the target gene is not required to practice the present invention.

IV. Methods for Preparing dsRNA

dsRNA molecules may be synthesized either in vivo or in vitro. The dsRNA may be formed by a single self-complementary RNA strand or from two complementary RNA strands. Endogenous RNA polymerase of the cell may mediate transcription in vivo, or cloned RNA polymerase can be used for transcription in vivo or in vitro. Inhibition may be targeted by specific transcription in an organ, tissue, or cell type; stimulation of an environmental condition (e.g., infection, stress, temperature, chemical inducers); and/or engineering transcription at a developmental stage or age. The RNA strands may or may not be polyadenylated; the RNA strands may or may not be capable of being translated into a polypeptide by a cell's translational apparatus.

A RNA, dsRNA, siRNA, or miRNA of the present invention may be produced chemically or enzymatically by one skilled in the art through manual or automated reactions or in vivo in another organism. RNA may also be produced by partial or total organic synthesis; any modified ribonucleotide can be introduced by in vitro enzymatic or organic synthesis. The RNA may be synthesized by a cellular RNA polymerase or a bacteriophage RNA polymerase (e.g., T3, T7, SP6). The use and production of an expression construct are known in the art (see, for example, WO 97/32016; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,593,874, 5,698,425, 5,712,135, 5,789,214, and 5,804,693). If synthesized chemically or by in vitro enzymatic synthesis, the RNA may be purified prior to introduction into the cell. For example, RNA can be purified from a mixture by extraction with a solvent or resin, precipitation, electrophoresis, chromatography, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the RNA may be used with no or a minimum of purification to avoid losses due to sample processing. The RNA may be dried for storage or dissolved in an aqueous solution. The solution may contain buffers or salts to promote annealing, and/or stabilization of the duplex strands.

V. Polynucleotide Sequences

Provided according to the invention are nucleotide sequences, the expression of which results in an RNA sequence which is substantially homologous to an RNA molecule of a targeted gene in a pest that comprises an RNA sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence within the genome of the pest. Thus, after ingestion of the dsRNA sequence down-regulation of the nucleotide sequence of the target gene in the cells of the pest may be obtained resulting in a deleterious effect on the maintenance, viability, proliferation, reproduction, and infestation of the pest.

Each “nucleotide sequence” set forth herein is presented as a sequence of deoxyribonucleotides (abbreviated A, G, C and T). However, by “nucleotide sequence” of a nucleic acid molecule or polynucleotide is intended, for a DNA molecule or polynucleotide, a sequence of deoxyribonucleotides, and for an RNA molecule or polynucleotide, the corresponding sequence of ribonucleotides (A, G, C and U) where each thymidine deoxynucleotide (T) in the specified deoxynucleotide sequence in is replaced by the ribonucleotide uridine (U).

As used herein, “nucleic acid” refers to a single or double-stranded polymer of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide bases read from the 5′ to the 3′ end. A nucleic acid may also optionally contain non-naturally occurring or altered nucleotide bases that permit correct read through by a polymerase and do not reduce expression of a polypeptide encoded by that nucleic acid. “Nucleotide sequence” or “nucleic acid sequence” refers to both the sense and antisense strands of a nucleic acid as either individual single strands or in the duplex.

The term “ribonucleic acid” (RNA) is inclusive of RNAi (inhibitory RNA), dsRNA (double stranded RNA), siRNA (small interfering RNA), mRNA (messenger RNA), miRNA (micro-RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA, whether charged or discharged with a corresponding acylated amino acid), and cRNA (complementary RNA) and the term “deoxyribonucleic acid” (DNA) is inclusive of cDNA and genomic DNA and DNA-RNA hybrids.

The words “nucleic acid segment”, “nucleotide sequence segment”, or more generally “segment” will be understood by those in the art as a functional term that includes both genomic sequences, ribosomal RNA sequences, transfer RNA sequences, messenger RNA sequences, operon sequences and smaller engineered nucleotide sequences that express or may be adapted to express, proteins, polypeptides or peptides.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to an isolated nucleic molecule comprising a polynucleotide having a sequence selected from the group consisting of any of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. The invention also provides functional fragments of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. The invention further provides complementary nucleic acids, or fragments thereof, to any of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481, as well as a nucleic acid, comprising at least 15 contiguous bases, which hybridizes to any of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481.

The present invention also provides orthologous sequences, and complements and fragments thereof, of the polynucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481 of the invention. Accordingly, the invention encompasses target genes which are insect orthologs of a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. By way of example, insect orthologues may comprise a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NOs: 49-123, 275-434, 533-562, 621-738, 813-852, 908-1010, 1161-1437, 1730-1987, 2120-2290, 2384-2438, or a fragment thereof of at least 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27 nucleotides. A non-limiting list of insect or arachnida orthologs genes or sequences comprising at least a fragment of 15, preferably at least 17 bp of one of the sequences of the invention is given in Tables 4.

The invention also encompasses target genes which are nematode orthologs of a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481 of the invention. By way of example, nematode orthologs may comprise a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NOs: 124-135, 435-446, 563, 564, 739-751, 853, 854, 1011-1025, 1438-1473, 1988-2001, 2291-2298, 2439-2440 of the invention, or a fragment of at least 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotides thereof. According to another aspect, the invention thus encompasses any of the methods described herein for controlling nematode growth in an organism, or for preventing nematode infestation of an organism susceptible to nematode infection, comprising contacting nematode cells with a double-stranded RNA, wherein the double-stranded RNA comprises annealed complementary strands, one of which has a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to at least part of the nucleotide sequence of a target gene comprising a fragment of at least 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotides of any of the sequences as represented in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481, whereby the double-stranded RNA is taken up by the fungus and thereby controls growth or prevents infestation. The invention also relates to nematode-resistant transgenic plants comprising a fragment of at least 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotides of any of the sequences as represented in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. A non-limiting list of nematode orthologs genes or sequences comprising at least a fragment of 15, preferably at least 17 bp of one of the sequences of the invention is given in Tables 5.

According to another embodiment, the invention encompasses target genes which are fungal orthologs of a gene comprising a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NO:s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481 of the invention. By way of example, fungal orthologs may comprise a nucleotide sequence as represented in any of SEQ ID NOs:136-158, 447-472, 565-575, 752-767, 855-862, 1026-1040, 1474-1571, 2002-2039, 2299-2338, 2441-2460, or a fragment of at least 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27 nucleotides thereof. According to another aspect, the invention thus encompasses any of the methods described herein for controlling fungal growth on a cell or an organism, or for preventing fungal infestation of a cell or an organism susceptible to fungal infection, comprising contacting fungal cells with a double-stranded RNA, wherein the double-stranded RNA comprises annealed complementary strands, one of which has a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to at least part of the nucleotide sequence of a target gene comprising a fragment of at least 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 nucleotides of any of the sequences as represented in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481, whereby the double-stranded RNA is taken up by the fungus and thereby controls growth or prevents infestation. The invention also relates to fungal-resistant transgenic plants comprising a fragment of at least 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 of any of the sequences as represented in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. A non-limiting list of fungal orthologs genes or sequences comprising at least a fragment of 15, preferably at least 17 bp of one of the sequences of the invention is given in Tables 6.

In a further embodiment, a dsRNA molecule of the invention comprises any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481, though the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481 are not limiting. A dsRNA molecule of the invention can comprise any contiguous target gene from a pest species (e.g., about 15 to about 25 or more, or about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 or more contiguous nucleotides).

By “isolated” nucleic acid molecule(s) is intended a nucleic acid molecule, DNA or RNA, which has been removed from its native environment. For example, recombinant DNA molecules contained in a DNA construct are considered isolated for the purposes of the present invention. Further examples of isolated DNA molecules include recombinant DNA molecules maintained in heterologous host cells or purified partially or substantially) DNA molecules in solution. Isolated RNA molecules include in vitro RNA transcripts of the DNA molecules of the present invention. Isolated nucleic acid molecules, according to the present invention, further include such molecules produced synthetically.

Nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may be in the form of RNA, such as mRNA, or in the form of DNA, including, for instance, cDNA and genomic DNA obtained by cloning or produced synthetically. The DNA or RNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded. Single-stranded DNA may be the coding strand, also known as the sense strand, or it may be the non-coding strand, also referred to as the anti-sense strand.

VI. Sequence Analysis

Unless otherwise indicated, all nucleotide sequences determined by sequencing a DNA molecule herein were determined using an automated DNA sequencer (such as the Model 373 from Applied Biosystems, Inc.). Therefore, as is known in the art for any DNA sequence determined by this automated approach, any nucleotide sequence determined herein may contain some errors. Nucleotide sequences determined by automation are typically at least about 95% identical, more typically at least about 96% to at least about 99.9% identical to the actual nucleotide sequence of the sequenced DNA molecule. The actual sequence can be more precisely determined by other approaches including manual DNA sequencing methods well known in the art. As is also known in the art, a single insertion or deletion in a determined nucleotide sequence compared to the actual sequence will cause a frame shift in translation of the nucleotide sequence such that the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by a determined nucleotide sequence may be completely different from the amino acid sequence actually encoded by the sequenced DNA molecule, beginning at the point of such an insertion or deletion.

In another aspect, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions to a portion of the polynucleotide in a nucleic acid molecule of the invention described above. By a polynucleotide which hybridizes to a “portion” of a polynucleotide is intended a polynucleotide (either DNA or RNA) hybridizing to at least about 15 nucleotides, and more preferably at least about 20 nucleotides, and still more preferably at least about 30 nucleotides, and even more preferably more than 30 nucleotides of the reference polynucleotide. These fragments that hybridize to the reference fragments are useful as diagnostic probes and primers. For the purpose of the invention, two sequences hybridize when they form a double-stranded complex in a hybridization solution of 6×SSC, 0.5% SDS, 5× Denhardt's solution and 100 μg of non-specific carrier DNA. See Ausubel et al., section 2.9, supplement 27 (1994). Sequences may hybridize at “moderate stringency,” which is defined as a temperature of 60° C. in a hybridization solution of 6×SSC, 0.5% SDS, 5× Denhardt's solution and 100 μg of non-specific carrier DNA. For “high stringency” hybridization, the temperature is increased to 68° C. Following the moderate stringency hybridization reaction, the nucleotides are washed in a solution of 2×SSC plus 0.05% SDS for five times at room temperature, with subsequent washes with 0.1×SSC plus 0.1% SDS at 60° C. for 1 h. For high stringency, the wash temperature is increased to 68° C. For the purpose of the invention, hybridized nucleotides are those that are detected using 1 ng of a radiolabeled probe having a specific radioactivity of 10,000 cpm/ng, where the hybridized nucleotides are clearly visible following exposure to X-ray film at −70° C. for no more than 72 hours.

The present application is directed to such nucleic acid molecules which are at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to a nucleic acid sequence described in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. Preferred, however, are nucleic acid molecules which are at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence shown in of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. Differences between two nucleic acid sequences may occur at the 5′ or 3′ terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among nucleotides in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.

As a practical matter, whether any particular nucleic acid molecule is at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% identical to a reference nucleotide sequence refers to a comparison made between two molecules using standard algorithms well known in the art and can be determined conventionally using publicly available computer programs such as the BLASTN algorithm. See Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997).

In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid comprises an antisense strand having about 15 to about 30 (e.g., about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30) nucleotides, wherein the antisense strand is complementary to a RNA sequence or a portion thereof encoding a protein that controls cell cycle or homologous recombination, and wherein said siNA further comprises a sense strand having about 15 to about 30 (e.g., about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30) nucleotides, and wherein said sense strand and said antisense strand are distinct nucleotide sequences where at least about 15 nucleotides in each strand are complementary to the other strand.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of that mediate RNA interference gene silencing. In another embodiment, the siNA molecules of the invention consist of duplex nucleic acid molecules containing about 15 to about 30 base pairs between oligonucleotides comprising about 15 to about 30 (e.g., about 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30) nucleotides. In yet another embodiment, siNA molecules of the invention comprise duplex nucleic acid molecules with overhanging ends of about 1 to about 32 (e.g., about 1, 2, or 3) nucleotides, for example, about 21-nucleotide duplexes with about 19 base pairs and 3′-terminal mononucleotide, dinucleotide, or trinucleotide overhangs. In yet another embodiment, siNA molecules of the invention comprise duplex nucleic acid molecules with blunt ends, where both ends are blunt, or alternatively, where one of the ends is blunt.

An siNA molecule of the present invention may comprise modified nucleotides while maintaining the ability to mediate RNAi. The modified nucleotides can be used to improve in vitro or in vivo characteristics such as stability, activity, and/or bioavailability. For example, a siNA molecule of the invention can comprise modified nucleotides as a percentage of the total number of nucleotides present in the siNA molecule. As such, a siNA molecule of the invention can generally comprise about 5% to about 100% modified nucleotides (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% modified nucleotides). The actual percentage of modified nucleotides present in a given siNA molecule will depend on the total number of nucleotides present in the siNA. If the siNA molecule is single stranded, the percent modification can be based upon the total number of nucleotides present in the single stranded siNA molecules. Likewise, if the siNA molecule is double stranded, the percent modification can be based upon the total number of nucleotides present in the sense strand, antisense strand, or both the sense and antisense strands.

VII. Nucleic Acid Constructs

A recombinant nucleic acid vector may, for example, be a linear or a closed circular plasmid. The vector system may be a single vector or plasmid or two or more vectors or plasmids that together contain the total nucleic acid to be introduced into the genome of the bacterial host. In addition, a bacterial vector may be an expression vector. Nucleic acid molecules as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-246, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-512, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1070, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481, or fragments thereof can, for example, be suitably inserted into a vector under the control of a suitable promoter that functions in one or more microbial hosts to drive expression of a linked coding sequence or other DNA sequence. Many vectors are available for this purpose, and selection of the appropriate vector will depend mainly on the size of the nucleic acid to be inserted into the vector and the particular host cell to be transformed with the vector. Each vector contains various components depending on its function (amplification of DNA or expression of DNA) and the particular host cell with which it is compatible. The vector components for bacterial transformation generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more selectable marker genes, and an inducible promoter allowing the expression of exogenous DNA.

Promoters

“Operably linked”, as used in reference to a regulatory sequence and a structural nucleotide sequence, means that the regulatory sequence causes regulated expression of the linked structural nucleotide sequence. “Regulatory sequences” or “control elements” refer to nucleotide sequences located upstream (5′ noncoding sequences), within, or downstream (3′ non-translated sequences) of a structural nucleotide sequence, and which influence the timing and level or amount of transcription, RNA processing or stability, or translation of the associated structural nucleotide sequence. Regulatory sequences may include promoters, translation leader sequences, introns, enhancers, stem-loop structures, repressor binding sequences, and polyadenylation recognition sequences and the like.

An expression vector for producing a mRNA can also contain an inducible promoter that is recognized by the host bacterial organism and is operably linked to the nucleic acid encoding, for example, the nucleic acid molecule coding the D. v. virgifera mRNA or fragment thereof of interest. Inducible promoters suitable for use with bacterial hosts include β-lactamase promoter, E. coli λ phage PL and PR promoters, and E. coli galactose promoter, arabinose promoter, alkaline phosphatase promoter, tryptophan (trp) promoter, and the lactose operon promoter and variations thereof and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter. However, other known bacterial inducible promoters are suitable.

The invention contemplates promoters that function in different plant species. Promoters useful for expression of polypeptides in plants include those that are inducible, viral, synthetic, or constitutive as described in Odell et al. (1985), and/or promoters that are temporally regulated, spatially regulated, and spatio-temporally regulated. Preferred promoters include the enhanced CaMV35S promoters, and the FMV35S promoter. For the purpose of the present invention, e.g., for optimum control of species that feed on roots, it may be preferable to achieve the highest levels of expression of these genes within the roots of plants. A number of root-enhanced promoters have been identified and are known in the art (Lu et al., 2000; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,848 and 6,489,542).

In one embodiment the plant transformation vector comprises an isolated and purified DNA molecule comprising a promoter operatively linked to one or more nucleotide sequences of the present invention. The nucleotide sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-246, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-512, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1070, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476 and 2481. The nucleotide sequence includes a segment coding all or part of an RNA present within a targeted pest RNA transcript and may comprise inverted repeats of all or a part of a targeted pest RNA. The DNA molecule comprising the expression vector may also contain a functional intron sequence positioned either upstream of the coding sequence or even within the coding sequence, and may also contain a five prime (5′) untranslated leader sequence (i.e., a UTR or 5′-UTR) positioned between the promoter and the point of translation initiation.

Selectable Marker Genes

A recombinant DNA vector or construct of the present invention will typically comprise a selectable marker that confers a selectable phenotype on plant cells. Selectable markers may also be used to select for plants or plant cells that contain the exogenous nucleic acids encoding polypeptides or proteins of the present invention. The marker may encode biocide resistance, antibiotic resistance (e.g., kanamycin, G418 bleomycin, hygromycin, etc.), or herbicide resistance (e.g., glyphosate, etc.). Examples of selectable markers include, but are not limited to, a neo gene which codes for kanamycin resistance and can be selected for using kanamycin, G418, etc., a bar gene which codes for bialaphos resistance; a mutant EPSP synthase gene which encodes glyphosate resistance; a nitrilase gene which confers resistance to bromoxynil; a mutant acetolactate synthase gene (ALS) which confers imidazolinone or sulfonylurea resistance; and a methotrexate resistant DHFR gene. Examples of such selectable markers are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,550,318; 5,633,435; 5,780,708 and 6,118,047.

A recombinant vector or construct of the present invention may also include a screenable marker. Screenable markers may be used to monitor expression. Exemplary screenable markers include a β-glucuronidase or uidA gene (GUS) which encodes an enzyme for which various chromogenic substrates are known (Jefferson, 1987; Jefferson et al., 1987); an R-locus gene, which encodes a product that regulates the production of anthocyanin pigments (red color) in plant tissues (Dellaporta et al., 1988); a β-lactamase gene (Sutcliffe et al., 1978), a gene which encodes an enzyme for which various chromogenic substrates are known (e.g., PADAC, a chromogenic cephalosporin); a luciferase gene (Ow et al., 1986) a xylE gene (Zukowsky et al., 1983) which encodes a catechol dioxygenase that can convert chromogenic catechols; an α-amylase gene (Ikatu et al., 1990); a tyrosinase gene (Katz et al., 1983) which encodes an enzyme capable of oxidizing tyrosine to DOPA and dopaquinone which in turn condenses to melanin; an α-galactosidase, which catalyzes a chromogenic α-galactose substrate.

Preferred plant transformation vectors include those derived from a Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,536,475, 4,693,977, 4,886,937, 5,501,967 and EP 0 122 791). Agrobacterium rhizogenes plasmids (or “Ri”) are also useful and known in the art. Other preferred plant transformation vectors include those disclosed, e.g., by Herrera-Estrella (1983); Bevan (1983), Klee (1985) and EP 0 120 516.

In general it is preferred to introduce a functional recombinant DNA at a non-specific location in a plant genome. In special cases it may be useful to insert a recombinant DNA construct by site-specific integration. Several site-specific recombination systems exist which are known to function implants include cre-lox as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,959,317 and FLP-FRT as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,695.

A transformation vector can be readily prepared using methods available in the art. The transformation vector comprises one or more nucleotide sequences that is/are capable of being transcribed to an RNA molecule and that is/are substantially homologous and/or complementary to one or more nucleotide sequences encoded by the genome of the insect, such that upon uptake of the RNA there is down-regulation of expression of at least one of the respective nucleotide sequences of the genome of the insect.

A plant transformation vector may contain sequences from more than one gene, thus allowing production of more than one dsRNA for inhibiting expression of two or more genes in cells of a target pest. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that segments of DNA whose sequence corresponds to that present in different genes can be combined into a single composite DNA segment for expression in a transgenic plant. Alternatively, a plasmid of the present invention already containing at least one DNA segment can be modified by the sequential insertion of additional DNA segments between the enhancer and promoter and terminator sequences. In the insect control agent of the present invention designed for the inhibition of multiple genes, the genes to be inhibited can be obtained from the same insect species in order to enhance the effectiveness of the insect control agent. In certain embodiments, the genes can be derived from different insects in order to broaden the range of insects against which the agent is effective. When multiple genes are targeted for suppression or a combination of expression and suppression, a polycistronic DNA element can be fabricated as illustrated and disclosed in Fillatti, Application Publication No. US 2004-0029283.

The transformation vector may be termed a dsDNA construct and may also be defined as a recombinant molecule, an insect control agent, a genetic molecule or a chimeric genetic construct. A chimeric genetic construct of the present invention may comprise, for example, nucleotide sequences encoding one or more antisense transcripts, one or more sense transcripts, one or more of each of the aforementioned, wherein all or part of a transcript therefrom is homologous to all or part of an RNA molecule comprising an RNA sequence encoded by a nucleotide sequence within the genome of an insect.

VIII. Plants for Genetic Engineering

A “plant” is any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, and having cellulose cell walls. A part of a plant, i.e., a “plant tissue” may be treated according to the methods of the present invention to produce a transgenic plant. Many suitable plant tissues can be transformed according to the present invention and include, but are not limited to, somatic embryos, pollen, leaves, stems, calli, stolons, microtubers, and shoots.

Thus, the present invention envisions the transformation of angiosperm and gymnosperm plants such as acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, corn, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, soybean, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.

According to the present invention “plant tissue” also encompasses plant cells. Plant cells include suspension cultures, callus, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, roots, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, seeds and microspores. Plant tissues may be at various stages of maturity and may be grown in liquid or solid culture, or in soil or suitable media in pots, greenhouses or fields. A plant tissue also refers to any clone of such a plant, seed, progeny, propagule whether generated sexually or asexually, and descendents of any of these, such as cuttings or seed.

“Progeny” of the present invention, such as the progeny of a transgenic plant, is one that is born of, begotten by, or derived from a plant or the transgenic plant. Thus, a “progeny” plant, i.e., an “F1” generation plant is an offspring or a descendant of the transgenic plant produced by the inventive methods. A progeny of a transgenic plant may contain in at least one, some, or all of its cell genomes, the desired polynucleotide that was integrated into a cell of the parent transgenic plant by the methods described herein. Thus, the desired polynucleotide is “transmitted” or “inherited” by the progeny plant. The desired polynucleotide that is so inherited in the progeny plant may reside within a T-DNA construct, which also is inherited by the progeny plant from its parent. The term “progeny” as used herein, also may be considered to be the offspring or descendants of a group of plants.

A “seed” may be regarded as a ripened plant ovule containing an embryo, and a propagative part of a plant, as a tuber or spore. Seed may be incubated prior to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, in the dark, for instance, to facilitate germination. Seed also may be sterilized prior to incubation, such as by brief treatment with bleach. The resultant seedling can then be exposed to a desired strain of Agrobacterium or other suitable bacterium for transformation.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) and the plant is potato, eggplant, tomato, pepper, tobacco, ground cherry or rice, corn or cotton.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Phaedon cochleariae (mustard leaf beetle) and the plant is mustard, chinese cabbage, turnip greens, collard greens or bok choy;

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Epilachna varivetis (Mexican bean beetle) and the plant is beans, field beans, garden beans, snap beans, lima beans, mung beans, string beans, black-eyed beans, velvet bean, soybeans, cowpea, pigeon pea, clover or alfalfa.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) and the plant is cotton.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) and the plant is in the form of stored grain products such as flour, cereals, meal, crackers, beans, spices, pasta, cake mix, dried pet food, dried flowers, chocolate, nuts, seeds, and even dried museum specimens

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and the plant is a tree such as Prunus, particularly peach, apricot and plum; a vegetable crop of the families Solanaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, and Cucurbitaceae, including but not limited to, artichoke, asparagus, bean, beets, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, cantaloupe, celery, corn, cucumber, fennel, kale, kohlrabi, turnip, eggplant, lettuce, mustard, okra, parsley, parsnip, pea, pepper, potato, radish, spinach, squash, tomato, turnip, watercress, and watermelon; a field crops such as, but not limited to, tobacco, sugar beet, and sunflower; a flower crop or other ornamental plant.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Nilaparvata lugens and the plant is a rice species n

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Chilo suppressalis (rice striped stem borer) and the plant is a rice plant, barely, sorghum, maize, wheat or a grass.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Plutella xylostella (Diamondback moth) and the plant is a Brassica species such as, but not limited to cabbage, chinese cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale, rapeseed, broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, mustard or radish.

The present invention extends to methods as described herein, wherein the insect is Acheta domesticus (house cricket) and the plant is any plant as described herein or any organic matter.

IX. Methods for Genetic Engineering

The present invention contemplates introduction of a nucleotide sequence into a plant to achieve pest inhibitory levels of expression of one or more dsRNA molecules. The inventive polynucleotides and polypeptides may be introduced into a host plant cell by standard procedures known in the art for introducing recombinant sequences into a target host cell. Such procedures include, but are not limited to, transfection, infection, transformation, natural uptake, calcium phosphate, electroporation, microinjection biolistics and microorganism-mediated transformation protocols. See, for example, Miki et al., 1993, “Procedure for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants”, In: Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick and Thompson, eds., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, pages 67-88. The methods chosen vary with the host plant.

Microorganism-mediated gene transfer refers to the use of a microorganism for introducing a foreign gene into a host plant. While Agrobacterium (Horsch et al., Science 227:1229-31, 1985) has been widely use for transferring genes into a plant, it is not the only bacteria capable of transforming plants. For example, it has been shown that several species of bacteria outside the Agrobacterium genus can be modified to mediate gene transfer to diverse plants. Bacteria from two families, and three genera, Rhizobium sp. NGR234, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Mesorhizobium loti, were made competent for gene transfer by acquisition of both a disarmed Ti plasmid and a binary vector. Broothaerts, W. et al. Nature February 10, 433 (7026):629-633 (2005). Stable transformation of three plant species, tobacco, rice and Arabidopsis, was achieved with these non-Agrobacterium species using leaf disk, scutellum-derived callus or floral dip. Id. Thus, diverse plant-associated bacteria, when harboring a disarmed Ti plasmid and binary vector (or presumably a co-integrate or whole Ti plasmid), are readily able to transfer T-DNA to plants and may be used in accordance with the present invention.

A transgenic plant of the present invention is one that comprises at least one cell genome in which an exogenous nucleic acid has been stably integrated. According to the present invention, a transgenic plant is a plant that comprises only one genetically modified cell and cell genome, or is a plant that comprises some genetically modified cells, or is a plant in which all of the cells are genetically modified. A transgenic plant of the present invention may be one that comprises expression of the desired polynucleotide, i.e., the exogenous nucleic acid, in only certain parts of the plant. Thus, a transgenic plant may contain only genetically modified cells in certain parts of its structure.

Methods for the creation of transgenic plants and expression of heterologous nucleic acids in plants in particular are known and may be used with the nucleic acids provided herein to prepare transgenic plants that exhibit reduced susceptibility to feeding by a target pest organism. Plant transformation vectors can be prepared, for example, by inserting the dsRNA producing nucleic acids disclosed herein into plant transformation vectors and introducing these into plants. One known vector system has been derived by modifying the natural gene transfer system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The natural system comprises large Ti (tumor-inducing)-plasmids containing a large segment, known as T-DNA, which is transferred to transformed plants. Another segment of the Ti plasmid, the vir region, is responsible for T-DNA transfer. The T-DNA region is bordered by terminal repeats. In the modified binary vectors the tumor-inducing genes have been deleted and the functions of the vir region are utilized to transfer foreign DNA bordered by the T-DNA border sequences. The T-region may also contain a selectable marker for efficient recovery of transgenic plants and cells, and a multiple cloning site for inserting sequences for transfer such as a dsRNA encoding nucleic acid.

A transgenic plant formed using Agrobacterium or other microorganism-mediated transformation methods typically contains a recombinant nucleotide sequence inserted into one chromosome and is referred to as a transgenic event. Such transgenic plants can be referred to as being heterozygous for the inserted exogenous sequence. A transgenic plant homozygous with respect to a transgene can be obtained by selfing an independent segregant transgenic plant to produce F1 seed. One fourth of the F1 seed produced will be homozygous with respect to the transgene. Germinating F1 seed results in plants that can be tested for heterozygosity or homozygosity, typically using a SNP assay or a thermal amplification assay that allows for the distinction between heterozygotes and homozygotes (i.e., a zygosity assay).

Accordingly, the present invention also provides plants or plant cells, comprising the polynucleotides or polypeptides of the current invention. In one embodiment, the plants are angiosperms or gymnosperms. Beyond the ordinary meaning of plant, the term “plants” is also intended to mean the fruit, seeds, flower, strobilus etc. of the plant. The plant of the current invention may be a direct transfectant, meaning that the vector was introduced directly into the plant, such as through Agrobacterium, or the plant may be the progeny of a transfected plant. The progeny may also be obtained by asexual reproduction of a transfected plant. The second or subsequent generation plant may or may not be produced by sexual reproduction, i.e., fertilization. Furthermore, the plant can be a gametophyte (haploid stage) or a sporophyte (diploid stage).

X. Conventional Breeding/Crosses

In addition to direct transformation of a plant with a recombinant nucleic acid construct, transgenic plants can be prepared by crossing a first plant having a recombinant nucleic acid construct with a second plant lacking the construct. For example, recombinant nucleic acid for gene suppression can be introduced into first plant line that is amenable to transformation to produce a transgenic plant that can be crossed with a second plant line to introgress the recombinant nucleic acid for gene suppression into the second plant line.

It may be advantageous to express a recombinant nucleic acid construct in a male-sterile plant, for example, as a means for reducing concern about transgene flow to neighboring plants.

The present invention can be, in practice, combined with other insect control traits in a plant to achieve desired traits for enhanced control of insect infestation. Combining insect control traits that employ distinct modes-of-action can provide insect-protected transgenic plants with superior durability over plants harboring a single insect control trait because of the reduced probability that resistance will develop in the field.

The combination of certain dsRNA constructs with one or more pest control protein genes may result in synergies that enhance the pest control phenotype of a transgenic plant. Pest bioassays employing artificial diet- or whole plant tissue can be used to define dose-responses for larval mortality, for example, or growth inhibition using both dsRNAs and pest control proteins. One skilled in the art can test mixtures of dsRNA molecules and pest control proteins in bioassay to identify combinations of actives that are synergistic and desirable for deployment in pest-protected plants (Tabashnik, 1992). Synergy in killing pests has been reported between different insect control proteins (for review, see Schnepf et al., 1998). It is anticipated that synergies will exist between certain dsRNAs and between certain dsRNAs and certain insect control proteins.

XI. Quantifying Inhibition of Target Gene Expression

Inhibition of target gene expression may be quantified by measuring either the endogenous target RNA or the protein produced by translation of the target RNA and the consequences of inhibition can be confirmed by examination of the outward properties of the cell or organism. Techniques for quantifying RNA and proteins are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Multiple selectable markers are available that confer resistance to ampicillin, bleomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, hygromycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, methotrexate, phosphinothricin, puromycin, spectinomycin, rifampicin, and tetracyclin, and the like.

In certain embodiments gene expression is inhibited by at least 10%, preferably by at least 33%, more preferably by at least 50%, and yet more preferably by at least 80%. In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention gene expression is inhibited by at least 80%, more preferably by at least 90%, more preferably by at least 95%, or by at least 99% within cells in the pest so a significant inhibition takes place. Significant inhibition is intended to refer to sufficient inhibition that results in a detectable phenotype (e.g., cessation of larval growth, paralysis or mortality, etc.) or a detectable decrease in RNA and/or protein corresponding to the target gene being inhibited. Although in certain embodiments of the invention inhibition occurs in substantially all cells of the insect, in other preferred embodiments inhibition occurs in only a subset of cells expressing the gene. For example, if the gene to be inhibited plays an essential role in cells in the insect alimentary tract, inhibition of the gene within these cells is sufficient to exert a deleterious effect on the insect.

XII. Products

The invention also provides commodity products containing one or more of the sequences of the present invention, and produced from a recombinant plant or seed containing one or more of the inventive nucleotide sequences. A commodity product containing one or more of the sequences of the present invention is intended to include, but not be limited to, meals, oils, crushed or whole grains or seeds of a plant, any food product comprising any meal, oil, or crushed or whole grain of a recombinant plant or seed, or any silage, fiber, paper, or other product derived from an inventive plant containing one or more of the sequences of the present invention. The detection of an inventive sequence is a commodity product provides de facto evidence that the commodity comprises a transgenic plant, or portion thereof, expressing an inventive sequence for controlling pest infestation using dsRNA mediated gene suppression methods.

Specific examples are presented below of methods for identifying target sequences comprising at least of one or more double stranded RNA molecules exemplified herein intended to suppress an essential feature or function within the pest., as well as for introducing the target sequences into plants. They are meant to be exemplary and not as limitations on the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Silencing C. elegans Target Genes in C. elegans in High Throughput Screening

A C. elegans genome wide library was prepared in the pGN9A vector (WO 01/88121) between two identical T7-promoters and terminators, driving its expression in the sense and antisense direction upon expression of the T7 polymerase, which was induced by IPTG.

This library was transformed into the bacterial strain AB301-105 (DE3) in 96 well plate format. For the genome wide screening, these bacterial cells were fed to the nuclease deficient C. elegans nuc-1(e1392) strain.

Feeding the dsRNA produced in the bacterial strain AB301-105 (DE3), to C. elegans nuc-1 (e1392) worms, was performed in a 96 well plate format as follows: nuc-1 eggs were transferred to a separate plate and allowed to hatch simultaneously at 20° C. for synchronization of the L1 generation. 96 well plates were filled with 100 μL liquid growth medium comprising IPTG and with 10 μL bacterial cell culture of OD₆₀₀1 AB301-105 (DE3) of the C. elegans dsRNA library carrying each a vector with a C. elegans genomic fragment for expression of the dsRNA. To each well, 4 of the synchronized L1 worms were added and were incubated at 25° C. for at least 4 to 5 days. These experiments were performed in quadruplicate. In the screen 6 controls were used:

-   -   pGN29=negative control, wild type     -   pGZ1=unc-22=twitcher phenotype     -   pGZ18=chitin synthase=embryonic lethal     -   pGZ25=pos-1=embryonic lethal     -   pGZ59=bli-4D=acute lethal     -   ACC=acetyl co-enzym A carboxylase=acute lethal

After 5 days, the phenotype of the C. elegans nuc-1 (e1392) worms fed with the bacteria producing dsRNA were compared to the phenotype of worms fed with the empty vector (pGN29) and the other controls. The worms that were fed with the dsRNA were screened for lethality (acute or larval) lethality for the parent (Po) generation, (embryonic) lethality for the first filial (F1) generation, or for growth retardation of Po as follows: (i) Acute lethality of Po: L1's have not developed and are dead, this phenotype never gives progeny and the well looks quite empty; (ii) (Larval) lethality of Po: Po died in a later stage than L1, this phenotype also never gives progeny. Dead larvae or dead adult worms are found in the wells; (iii) Lethality for F1: L1's have developed until adult stage and are still alive. This phenotype has no progeny. This can be due to sterility, embryonic lethality (dead eggs on the bottom of well), embryonic arrest or larval arrest (eventually ends up being lethal): (iv) Arrested in growth and growth retardation/delay: Compared to a well with normal development and normal # of progeny.

For the target sequences presented in Table 1A, it was concluded that dsRNA mediated silencing of the C. elegans target gene in nematodes, such as C. elegans, had a fatal effect on the growth and viability of the worm.

Subsequent to the above dsRNA silencing experiment, a more detailed phenotyping experiment was conducted in C. elegans in a high throughput format on 24 well plates. The dsRNA library produced in bacterial strain AB301-105 (DE3), as described above, was fed to C. elegans nuc-1 (e1392) worms on 24 well plates as follows: nuc-1 eggs were transferred to a separate plate and allowed to hatch simultaneously at 20 C for synchronization of the L1 generation. Subsequently 100 of the synchronized L1 worms were soaked in a mixture of 500 μL S-complete fed medium, comprising 5 μg/mL cholesterol, 4 μL/mL PEG and 1 mM IPTG, and 500 μL of bacterial cell culture of OD₆₀₀1 AB301-105 (DE3) of the C. elegans dsRNA library carrying each a vector with a C. elegans genomic fragment for expression of the dsRNA. The soaked L1 worms were rolled for 2 hours at 25 C.

After centrifugation and removal of 950 μL of the supernatant, 5 μL of the remaining and resuspended pellet (comprising about 10 to 15 worms) was transferred in the middle of each well of a 24 well plate, filled with a layer of agar LB broth. The inoculated plate was incubated at 25° C. for 2 days. At the adult stage, 1 adult worm was singled and incubated at 25° C. for 2 days for inspection of its progeny. The other adult worms are inspected in situ on the original 24 well plate. These experiments were performed in quadruplicate.

This detailed phenotypic screen was repeated with a second batch of worms, the only difference being that the worms of the second batch were incubated at 20 C for 3 days.

The phenotype of the worms fed with C. elegans dsRNA was compared to the phenotype of C. elegans nuc-1 (e1392) worms fed with the empty vector.

Based on this experiment, it was concluded that silencing the C. elegans target genes as represented in Table 1A had a fatal effect on the growth and viability of the worm and that the target gene is essential to the viability of nematodes. Therefore these genes are good target genes to control (kill or prevent from growing) nematodes via dsRNA mediated gene silencing. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the use of nematode orthologs of the above C. elegans target gene, to control nematode infestation, such as nematode infestation of plants.

EXAMPLE 2 Identification of D. melanogaster Orthologs

As described above in Example 1, numerous C. elegans lethal sequences were identified and can be used for identifying orthologs in other species and genera. For example, the C. elegans lethal sequences can be used to identify orthologous D. melanogasters sequences. That is, each C. elegans sequence can be queried against a public database, such as GenBank, for orthologous sequences in D. melanogaster. Potential D. melanogaster orthologs were selected that share a high degree of sequence homology (E value preferably less than or equal to 1E-30) and the sequences are blast reciprocal best hits, the latter means that the sequences from different organisms (e.g. C. elegans and D. melanogaster) are each other's top blast hits. For example, sequence C from C. elegans is compared against sequences in D. melanogaster using BLAST. If sequence C has the D. melanogaster sequence D as best hit and when D is compared to all the sequences of C. elegans, also turns out to be sequence C, then D and C are reciprocal best hits. This criterium is often used to define orthology, meaning similar sequences of different species, having similar function. The D. melanogaster sequence identifiers are represented in Table 1A.

EXAMPLE 3 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado Potato Beetle) A. Cloning Partial Gene Sequences from Leptinotarsa decemlineata

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from 4 different larval stages of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle; source: Jeroen van Schaik, Entocare CV Biologische Gewasbescherming, Postbus 162, 6700 AD Wageningen, the Netherlands) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manufacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the LD001, LD002, LD003, LD006, LD007, LD010, LD011, LD014, LD015, LD016 and LD018 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-LD, which displays Leptintarsa decemlineata target genes including primer sequences and cDNA sequences obtained. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/topo vector (Cat. Nr. K2500 20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NOs as given in Table 2-LD and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequence are represented by the respective SEQ ID NOs as given in Table 3-LD, where the start of the reading frame is indicated in brackets.

B. dsRNA Production of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-LD. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-LD. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-LD. Table 8-LD displays sequences for preparing ds RNA fragments of Leptinotarsa decemlineata target sequences and concatemer sequences, including primer sequences.

C. Cloning Leptinotarsa decemlineata Genes into Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, were cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs were generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) was obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction was performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments resulted in a hairpin construct for each of the LD002, LD006, LD007, LD010, LD011, LD014 and LD016 genes, having either the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, or promoter-antisense-intron-CmR-intron-sense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(I) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

For LD002, a double digest with restriction enzymes BsoBI & PvuI was done on LD002 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). For LD006, a digest with restriction enzyme BsoBI was done on LD006 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). For LD007, a digest with restriction enzyme BsoBI was done on LD007 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). For LD007, a digest with restriction enzyme BsoBI was done on LD007 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). For LD010, a double digest with restriction enzymes PvuI & PvuII was done on LD010 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). For LD014, a digest with restriction enzyme BsoBI was done on LD014 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 1). For LD016, a digest with restriction enzyme BsoBI was done on LD016 cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example 3A). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) was purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) was added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix was transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones were selected by restriction digest analysis. The complete sequence of the hairpin construct for:

-   -   LD002 (antisense-intron-CmR-intron-sense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 240;     -   LD006 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 241;     -   LD007 sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 242;     -   LD010 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 243;     -   LD011 (antisense-intron-CmR-intron-sense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 244;     -   LD014 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is set forth in SEQ ID         NO: 245;     -   LD016 (antisense-intron-CmR-intron-sense) is recited in SEQ ID         NO: 246;

Table 9-LD Provides Complete Sequences for Each Hairpin Construct.

D. Screening dsRNA Targets Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Artificial diet for the Colorado potato beetle was prepared as follows (adapted from Gelman et al., 2001, J. Ins. Sc., vol. 1, no. 7, 1-10): water and agar were autoclaved, and the remaining ingredients (shown in Table 2 below) were added when the temperature dropped to 55° C. At this temperature, the ingredients were mixed well before the diet was aliquoted into 24-well plates (Nunc) with a quantity of 1 ml of diet per well. The artificial diet was allowed to solidify by cooling at room temperature. Diet was stored at 4° C. for up to three weeks.

TABLE 2 Ingredients for Artificial diet Ingredients Volume for 1 L water 768 ml agar 14 g rolled oats 40 g Torula yeast 60 g lactalbumin hydrolysate 30 g casein 10 g fructose 20 g Wesson salt mixture 4 g tomato fruit powder 12.5 g potato leaf powder 25 g b-sitosterol 1 g sorbic acid 0.8 g methyl paraben 0.8 g Vanderzant vitamin mix 12 g neomycin sulfate 0.2 g aureomycin 0.130 g rifampicin 0.130 g chloramphenicol 0.130 g nystatin 0.050 g soybean oil 2 ml wheat germ oil 2 ml

Fifty μl of a solution of dsRNA at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was applied topically onto the solid artificial diet in the wells of the multiwell plate. The diet was dried in a laminair flow cabin. Per treatment, twenty-four Colorado potato beetle larvae (2^(nd) stage), with two insects per well, were tested. The plates were stored in the insect rearing chamber at 25±2° C., 60% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. The beetles were assessed as live or dead every 1, 2 or 3 days. After seven days, for targets LD006, LD007, LD010, LD011, and LD014, the diet was replaced with fresh diet with topically applied dsRNA at the same concentration (1 mg/ml); for targets LD001, LD002, LD003, LD015, and LD016, the diet was replaced with fresh diet only. The dsRNA targets were compared to diet only or diet with topically applied dsRNA corresponding to a fragment of the GFP (green fluorescent protein) coding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 235).

Feeding artificial diet containing intact naked dsRNAs to L. decemlineata larvae resulted in significant increases in larval mortalities as indicated in two separate bioassays (FIGS. 1LD-2LD).

All dsRNAs tested resulted ultimately in 100% mortality after 7 to 14 days. Diet with or without GFP dsRNA sustained the insects throughout the bioassays with very little or no mortality.

Typically, in all assays observed, CPB second-stage larvae fed normally on diet with or without dsRNA for 2 days and molted to the third larval stage. At this new larval stage the CPB were observed to reduce significantly or stop altogether their feeding, with an increase in mortality as a result.

E. Bioassay of dsRNA Targets Using Potato Leaf Discs for Activity Against the Leptinotarsa decemlineata

An alternative bioassay method was employed using potato leaf material rather than artificial diet as food source for CPB. Discs of approximately 1.1 cm in diameter (or 0.95 cm²) were cut out off leaves of 2 to 3-week old potato plants using a suitably-sized cork borer. Treated leaf discs were prepared by applying 20 μl of a 10 ng/μl solution of target LD002 dsRNA or control gfp dsRNA on the adaxial leaf surface. The leaf discs were allowed to dry and placed individually in 24 wells of a 24-well multiplate (Nunc). A single second-larval stage CPB was placed into each well, which was then covered with tissue paper and a multiwell plastic lid. The plate containing the insects and leaf discs were kept in an insect chamber at 28° C. with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark. The insects were allowed to feed on the leaf discs for 2 days after which the insects were transferred to a new plate containing fresh treated leaf discs. Thereafter, the insects were transferred to a plate containing untreated leaf discs every day until day 7. Insect mortality and weight scores were recorded.

Feeding potato leaf discs with surface-applied intact naked dsRNA of target LD002 to L. decemlineata larvae resulted in a significant increase in larval mortalities (i.e. at day 7 all insects were dead; 100% mortality) whereas control gfp dsRNA had no effect on CPB survival. Target LD002 dsRNA severely affected the growth of the larvae after 2 to 3 days whereas the larvae fed with gfp dsRNA at the same concentration developed as normal (FIG. 3-LD).

F. Screening Shorter Versions of dsRNAs Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

This example exemplifies the finding that shorter (60 or 100 bp) dsRNA fragments on their own or as concatemer constructs are sufficient in causing toxicity towards the Colorado potato beetle.

LD014, a target known to induce lethality in Colorado potato beetle, was selected for this example. This gene encodes a V-ATPase subunit E (SEQ ID NO: 15).

A 100 base pair fragment, LD014_F1, at position 195-294 on SEQ ID NO: 15 (SEQ ID NO: 159) and a 60 base pair fragment, LD014_F2, at position 235-294 on SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 160) were further selected. See also Table 7-LD.

Two concatemers of 300 base pairs, LD014_C1 and LD014_C2, were designed (SEQ ID NO: 161 and SEQ ID NO: 162). LD014_C1 contained 3 repeats of the 100 base pair fragment described above (SEQ ID NO: 159) and LD014_C2 contained 5 repeats of the 60 base pair fragment described above (SEQ ID NO: 160). See also Table 7-LD.

The fragments LD014_F1 and LD014_F2 were synthesized as sense and antisense primers. These primers were annealed to create the double strands DNA molecules prior to cloning. XbaI and XmaI restrictions sites were included at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the primers, respectively, to facilitate the cloning.

The concatemers were made as 300 base pairs synthetic genes. XbaI and XmaI restrictions sites were included at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the synthetic DNA fragments, respectively, to facilitate the cloning.

The 4 DNA molecules, i.e. the 2 single units (LD014_F1 & LD014_F2) and the 2 concatemers (LD014_C1 & LD014_C2), were digested with XbaI and XmaI and subcloned in pBluescriptII SK+ linearised by XbaI and XmaI digests, resulting in recombinant plasmids p1, p2, p3, & p4, respectively.

Double-stranded RNA production: dsRNA was synthesized using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter. For LD014_F1, the sense T7 template was generated using the specific T7 forward primer oGBM159 and the specific reverse primer oGBM164 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 204 and SEQ ID NO: 205, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using the specific forward primer oGBM163 and the specific T7 reverse primer oGBM160 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 206 and SEQ ID NO: 207, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, Dnase and Rnase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA is herein represented by SEQ ID NO: 203.

For LD014_F2, the sense T7 template was generated using the specific T7 forward primer oGBM161 and the specific reverse primer oGBM166 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 209 and SEQ ID NO: 210, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense 17 template was generated using the specific forward primer oGBM165 and the specific T7 reverse primer oGBM162 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 211 and SEQ ID NO: 212, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, Dnase and Rnase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA is herein represented by SEQ ID NO: 208.

Also for the concatemers, separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter. The recombinant plasmids p3 and p4 containing LD014_C1 & LD014_C2 were linearised with XbaI or XmaI, the two linear fragments for each construct purified and used as template for the in vitro transcription assay, using the T7 promoters flanking the cloning sites. Double-stranded RNA was prepared by in vitro transcription using the T7 RiboMAX™ Express RNAi System (Promega). The sense strands of the resulting dsRNA for LD014_C1 and LD014_C2 are herein represented by SEQ ID NO: 213 and 2114, respectively.

Shorter sequences of target LD014 and concatemers were able to induce lethality in Leptinotarsa decemlineata, as shown in FIG. 4-LD.

G. Screening dsRNAs at Different Concentrations Using Artificial Diet For Activity Against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Fifty μl of a solution of dsRNA at serial ten-fold concentrations from 1 μg/μl (for target LD027 from 0.1 μg/μl) down to 0.01 ng/μl was applied topically onto the solid artificial diet in the wells of a 24-well plate (Nunc). The diet was dried in a laminair flow cabin. Per treatment, twenty-four Colorado potato beetle larvae (2^(nd) stage), with two insects per well, were tested. The plates were stored in the insect rearing chamber at 25±2° C., 60% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. The beetles were assessed as live or dead at regular intervals up to day 14. After seven days, the diet was replaced with fresh diet with topically applied dsRNA at the same concentrations. The dsRNA targets were compared to diet only.

Feeding artificial diet containing intact naked dsRNAs of different targets to L. decemlineata larvae resulted in high larval mortalities at concentrations as low as between 0.1 and 10 ng dsRNA/μl as shown in FIG. 5-LD.

H. Cloning of a CPB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

While any efficient bacterial promoter may be used, a DNA fragment corresponding to an MLB gene target was cloned in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host (See WO 00/01846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8. The recombinant vector harboring this sequence is named pGBNJ003.

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target gene fragment LD010 are provided in Table 8 (forward primer SEQ ID NO: 191 and reverse primer SEQ ID NO: 190). The template used was the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing the LD010 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11). The primers were used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment was analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO 00/188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 188 as given in Table 8. The recombinant vector harboring this sequence was named pGBNJ003.

I. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below were followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of target LD010 in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, was used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21(DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid was added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells were incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells were placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium was added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension was transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture was incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL2J(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) was made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture was measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture was transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria were induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria were killed by heat treatment in order to minimize the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture was centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet was resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes were prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes were stored at −20° C. until further use.

J. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Target LD010 Against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Two bioassay methods were employed to test double-stranded RNA produced in Escherichia coli against larvae of the Colorado potato beetle: (1) artificial diet-based bioassay, and, (2) plant-based bioassay.

Artificial Diet-Based Bioassays

Artificial diet for the Colorado potato beetle was prepared as described previously in Example 4. A half milliliter of diet was dispensed into each of the wells of a 48-well multiwell test plate (Nunc). For every treatment, fifty μl of an OD 1 suspension of heat-treated bacteria (which is equivalent to approximately 5×10⁷ bacterial cells) expressing dsRNA was applied topically onto the solid diet in the wells and the plates were allowed to dry in a laminair flow cabin. Per treatment, forty-eight 2^(nd) stage Colorado potato beetle larvae, one in each well containing diet and bacteria, were tested. Each row of a plate (i.e. 8 wells) was considered as one replicate. The plates were kept in the insect rearing chamber at 25±2° C., 60±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. After every 4 days, the beetles were transferred to fresh diet containing topically-applied bacteria. The beetles were assessed as alive or dead every one or three days post infestation. For the survivors, growth and development in terms of larval weight was recorded on day 7 post infestation.

For RNaseIII-deficient E. coli strain AB309-105, bacteria containing plasmid pGBNJ003 and those containing the empty vector pGN29 (reference to WO 00/188121A1) were tested in bioassays for CPB toxicity. Bacteria harboring the pGBNJ003 plasmid showed a clear increase in insect mortality with time, whereas little or no mortality was observed for pGN29 and diet only control (FIGS. 6 a-LD & 7 a-LD). The growth and development of Colorado potato beetle larval survivors, 7 days after feeding on artificial diet containing bacteria expressing dsRNA target LD010, was severely impeded (Table 10-LD, FIG. 8 a-LD).

For E. coli strain BL21(DE3), bacteria containing plasmid pGBNJ003 and those containing the empty vector pGN29 were tested against the Colorado potato beetle larvae. Similar detrimental effects were observed on larvae fed diet supplemented with BL21(DE3) bacteria as for the RNAseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105 (FIGS. 6 b-LD & 7 b-LD). However, the number of survivors for the five clones were higher for BL21(DE3) than for AB309-105; at day 12, average mortality values were approximately 25% lower for this strain compared to the RNase III deficient strain. Also, the average weights of survivors fed on diet containing BL21(DE3) expressing dsRNA corresponding to target LD010 was severely reduced (Table 10-LD, FIG. 8 b-LD).

The delay in growth and development of the CPB larvae fed on diet containing either of the two bacterial strains harboring plasmid pGBNJ003 was directly correlated to feeding inhibition since no frass was visible in the wells of refreshed plates from day 4 onwards when compared to bacteria harboring the empty vector pGN29 or the diet only plate. This observation was similar to that where CPB was fed on in vitro transcribed double-stranded RNA topically applied to artificial diet (see Example 3D); here, cessation of feeding occurred from day 2 onwards on treated diet.

Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole potato plants were sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to CPB larvae. The potato plants of variety line 5′ were grown from tubers to the 8-12 unfolded leaf stage in a plant growth room chamber with the following conditions: 25±2° C., 60% relative humidity, 16:8 hour light:dark photoperiod. The plants were caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent larval escape. Fifteen Colorado potato beetle larvae at the L1 stage were placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants were treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harboring the pGBNJ003 plasmids (clone 1; FIG. 7 a-LD) or pGN29 plasmid (clone 1; see FIG. 7 a-LD). Different quantities of bacteria were applied to the plants: 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of 1.6 ml was sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant was used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors were counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 led to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. The mortality count was maintained when the amount of bacteria cell suspension was diluted 9-fold (FIG. 9-LD). The average weights of the larval survivors at day 11 on plants sprayed with bacteria harboring the pGBNJ003 vector were approximately 10-fold less than that of pGN29 (FIG. 10-LD). Feeding damage by CPB larvae of the potato plant sprayed with bacteria containing the pGBNJ003 plasmid was much reduced when compared to the damage incurred on a potato plant sprayed with bacteria containing the empty vector pGN29 (FIG. 11-LD).

These experiments showed that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification was provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

K. Testing Various Culture Suspension Densities of Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Target LD010 Against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Preparation and treatment of bacterial cultures are described in Example 3J. Three-fold serial dilutions of cultures (starting from 0.25 unit equivalents) of Escherichia coli RNAseIII-deficient strain AB309-105 expressing double-stranded RNA of target LD010 were applied to foliages of the potato plant of variety ‘Bintje’ at the 8-12 unfolded leaf stage. Ten L1 larvae of the L. decemlineata were placed on the treated plants with one plant per treatment. Scoring for insect mortality and growth impediment was done on day 7 (i.e., 7 days post infestation).

As shown in FIG. 14-LD, high CPB larval mortality (90 to 100%) was recorded after 1 week when insects were fed potato plants treated with a topical application by fine spray of heat-inactivated cultures of E. coli harboring plasmid pGBNJ003 (for target 10 dsRNA expression) at densities 0.25, 0.08 and 0.025 bacterial units. At 0.008 units, about a third of the insects were dead, however, the surviving insects were significantly smaller than those in the control groups (E. coli harbouring the empty vector pGN29 and water only). Feeding damage by CPB larvae of the potato plant sprayed with bacteria containing the pGBNJ003 plasmid at concentrations 0.025 or 0.008 units was much reduced when compared to the damage incurred on a potato plant sprayed with bacteria containing the empty vector pGN29 (FIG. 15-LD).

L. Adults are Extremely Susceptible to Orally Ingested dsRNA Corresponding to Target Genes

The example provided below highlights the finding that adult insects (and not only insects of the larval stage) are extremely susceptible to orally ingested dsRNA corresponding to target genes.

Four targets were chosen for this experiment: targets 2, 10, 14 and 16 (SEQ ID NO: 168, 188, 198 and 220, respectively). GFP fragment dsRNA (SEQ ID NO: 235) was used as a control. Young adults (2 to 3 days old) were picked at random from our laboratory-reared culture with no bias towards insect gender. Ten adults were chosen per treatment. The adults were prestarved for at least 6 hours before the onset of the treatment. On the first day of treatment, each adult was fed four potato leaf discs (diameter 1.5 cm²) which were pretreated with a topical application of 25 μl of 0.1 μg/μl target dsRNA (synthesized as described in Example 3A; topical application as described in Example 3E) per disc. Each adult was confined to a small petridish (diameter 3 cm) in order to make sure that all insects have ingested equal amounts of food and thus received equal doses of dsRNA. The following day, each adult was again fed four treated leaf discs as described above. On the third day, all ten adults per treatment were collected and placed together in a cage consisting of a plastic box (dimensions 30 cm×20 cm×15 cm) with a fine nylon mesh built into the lid to provide good aeration. Inside the box, some moistened filter paper was placed in the base. Some (untreated) potato foliage was placed on top of the paper to maintain the adults during the experiment. From day 5, regular assessments were carried out to count the number of dead, alive (mobile) and moribund insects. For insect moribundity, adults were laid on their backs to check whether they could right themselves within several minutes; an insect was considered moribund only if it was not able to turn onto its front.

Clear specific toxic effects of double-stranded RNA corresponding to different targets towards adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, were demonstrated in this experiment (FIG. 12-LD). Double-stranded RNA corresponding to a gfp fragment showed no toxicity towards CPB adults on the day of the final assessment (day 19). This experiment clearly showed that the survival of CPB adults was severely reduced only after a few days of exposure to dsRNA when delivered orally. For example, for target 10, on day 5, 5 out of 10 adults were moribund (sick and slow moving); on day 6, 4 out of 10 adults were dead with three of the survivors moribund; on day 9 all adults were observed dead.

As a consequence of this experiment, the application of target double-stranded RNAs against insect pests may be broadened to include the two life stages of an insect pest (i.e. larvae and adults) which could cause extensive crop damage, as is the case with the Colorado potato beetle.

EXAMPLE 4 Phaedon cochleariae (Mustard Leaf Beetle) A. Cloning of a Partial Sequence of the Phaedon cochleariae (Mustard Leaf Beetle) PC001, PC003, PC005, PC010, PC014, PC016 and PC027 Genes Via Family PCR

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from the third larval stage of Phaedon cochleariae (mustard leaf beetle; source: Dr. Caroline Muller, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Chemical Ecology Group, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega) treatment following the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScrip™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the PC001, PC003, PC005, PC010, PC014, PC016 and PC027 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-PC. Table 2-PC displays Phaedon cochleariae target genes including primer sequences and cDNA sequences obtained. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR4/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K4530-20, Invitrogen) and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-PC and are referred to as the partial sequences.

The corresponding partial amino acid sequence are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-PC. Table 3-PC provides amino acid sequences of cDNA clones, and the start of the reading frame is indicated in brackets.

B. dsRNA Production of the Phaedon cochleariae Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-PC. Table 8-PC provides details for preparing ds RNA fragments of Phaedon cochleariae target sequences, including primer sequences.

The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C. followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-PC. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-PC.

C. Recombination of the Phaedon cochleariae (Mustard Leaf Beetle) Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, were cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs were generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 4A) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) was obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction was performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments resulted in a hairpin construct for each of the PC001, PC010, PC014, PC016 and PC027 genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example 4B): for PC001, a double digest with BsoBI & PvuI; for PC010, a double digest with PvuI & PvuII; for PC014, a triple digest with HincII, PvuI & XhoI; for PC016, a single digest with ApaLI; for PC027, a double digest with AvaI & DrdI. The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) was purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) was added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix was transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones were selected by restriction digest analyses. The complete sequence of the hairpin construct for:

-   -   PC001 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 508;     -   PC010 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 509;     -   PC014 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 510;     -   PC016 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 511;     -   PC027 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 512;         Table 9-PC provides sequences for each hairpin construct.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Oilseed Rape Leaf Discs for Activity Against Phaedon cochleariae Larvae

The example provided below is an exemplification of the finding that the mustard leaf beetle (MLB) larvae are susceptible to orally ingested dsRNA corresponding to own target genes.

To test the different double-stranded RNA samples against MLB larvae, a leaf disc assay was employed using oilseed rape (Brassica napus variety SW Oban; source: Nick Balaam, Sw Seed Ltd., 49 North Road, Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AS, UK) leaf material as food source. The insect cultures were maintained on the same variety of oilseed rape in the insect chamber at 25±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark. Discs of approximately 1.1 cm in diameter (or 0.95 cm²) were cut out off leaves of 4- to 6-week old rape plants using a suitably-sized cork borer. Double-stranded RNA samples were diluted to 0.1 μg/μl in Milli-Q water containing 0.05% Triton X-100. Treated leaf discs were prepared by applying 25 μl of the diluted solution of target PC001, PC003, PC005, PC010, PC014, PC016, PC027 dsRNA and control gfp dsRNA or 0.05% Triton X-100 on the adaxial leaf surface. The leaf discs were left to dry and placed individually in each of the 24 wells of a 24-well multiplate containing 1 ml of gellified 2% agar which helps to prevent the leaf disc from drying out. Two neonate MLB larvae were placed into each well of the plate, which was then covered with a multiwell plastic lid. The plate (one treatment containing 48 insects) was divided into 4 replicates of 12 insects per replicate (each row). The plate containing the insects and leaf discs were kept in an insect chamber at 25±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark. The insects were fed leaf discs for 2 days after which they were transferred to a new plate containing freshly treated leaf discs. Thereafter, 4 days after the start of the bioassay, the insects from each replicate were collected and transferred to a Petri dish containing untreated fresh oilseed rape leaves. Larval mortality and average weight were recorded at days 2, 4 7, 9 and 11.

P. cochleariae larvae fed on intact naked target dsRNA-treated oilseed rape leaves resulted in significant increases in larval mortalities for all targets tested, as indicated in FIG. 1( a). Tested double-stranded RNA for target PC010 led to 100% larval mortality at day 9 and for target PC027 at day 11. For all other targets, significantly high mortality values were reached at day 11 when compared to control gfp dsRNA, 0.05% Trition X-100 alone or untreated leaf only: (average value in percentage±confidence interval with alpha 0.05) PC001 (94.4±8.2); PC003 (86.1±4.1); PC005 (83.3±7.8); PC014 (63.9±20.6); PC016 (75.0±16.8); gfp dsRNA (11.1±8.2); 0.05% Triton X-100 (19.44±10.5); leaf only (8.3±10.5).

Larval survivors were assessed based on their average weight. For all targets tested, the mustard leaf beetle larvae had significantly reduced average weights after day 4 of the bioassay; insects fed control gfp dsRNA or 0.05% Triton X-100 alone developed normally, as for the larvae on leaf only (FIG. 1( b)-PC).

E. Laboratory Trials to Screen dsRNAs at Different Concentrations Using Oilseed Rape Leaf Discs for Activity Against Phaedon cochleariae Larvae

Twenty-five μl of a solution of dsRNA from target PC010 or PC027 at serial ten-fold concentrations from 0.1 μ2/μl down to 0.1 ng/μl was applied topically onto the oilseed rape leaf disc, as described in Example 4D above. As a negative control, 0.05% Triton X-100 only was administered to the leaf disc. Per treatment, twenty-four mustard leaf beetle neonate larvae, with two insects per well, were tested. The plates were stored in the insect rearing chamber at 25±2° C., 60±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. At day 2, the larvae were transferred on to a new plate containing fresh dsRNA-treated leaf discs. At day 4 for target PC010 and day 5 for target PC027, insects from each replicate were transferred to a Petri dish containing abundant untreated leaf material. The beetles were assessed as live or dead on days 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 11 for target PC010, and 2, 5, 8, 9 and 12 for target PC027.

Feeding oilseed rape leaf discs containing intact naked dsRNAs of the two different targets, PC010 and PC027, to P. cochleariae larvae resulted in high mortalities at concentrations down to as low as 1 ng dsRNA/μl solution, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and (b). Average mortality values in percentage±confidence interval with alpha 0.05 for different concentrations of dsRNA for target PC010 at day 11, 0 μg/μl: 8.3±9.4; 0.1 μg/μl: 100; 0.01 μg/μl: 79.2±20.6; 0.001 μg/μl: 58.3±9.4; 0.0001 μg/μl: 12.5±15.6; and for target PC027 at day 12, 0 μg/μl: 8.3±9.4; 0.1 μg/μl: 95.8±8.2; 0.01 μg/μl: 95.8±8.2; 0.001 μg/μl: 83.3±13.3; 0.0001 μg/μl: 12.5±8.2.

F. Cloning of a MLB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to an MLB gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00 (to be completed).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target gene fragment PC010 are provided in Table 8-PC. The template used was the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing the PC010 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 253). The primers were used in a touch-down PCR reaction with the following conditions: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. with temperature decrease of −0.5° C. per cycle and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment was analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 488 as given in Table 8-PC. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence was named pGCDJ001.

G. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli AB309-105

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. In this experiment, an RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105 is used.

Transformation of AB309-105

Three hundred ng of the plasmid were added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105. The cells were incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells were placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium was added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension was transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture was incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 was made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture was measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture was transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria were induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria were killed by heat treatment in order to minimize the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture was centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet was resuspended in a total volume of 50 ml of 0.05% Triton X-100 solution. The tube was stored at 4° C. until further use

H. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Phaedon cochleariae Leaf Disc Bioassays

The leaf-disc bioassay method was employed to test double-stranded RNA from target PC010 produced in Escherichia coli (from plasmid pGCDJ001) against larvae of the mustard leaf beetle. Leaf discs were prepared from oilseed rape foliage, as described in Example 4. Twenty μl of a bacterial suspension, with an optical density measurement of 1 at 600 nm wavelength, was pipetted onto each disc. The leaf disc was placed in a well of a 24 multiwell plate containing 1 ml gellified agar. On each leaf disc were added two neonate larvae. For each treatment, 3 replicates of 16 neonate larvae per replicate were prepared. The plates were kept in the insect rearing chamber at 25±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. At day 3 (i.e. 3 days post start of bioassay), larvae were transferred to a new plate containing fresh treated (same dosage) leaf discs. The leaf material was refreshed every other day from day 5 onwards. The bioassay was scored on mortality and average weight. Negative controls were leaf discs treated with bacteria harbouring plasmid pGN29 (empty vector) and leaf only.

A clear increase in mortality of P. cochleariae larvae with time was shown after the insects were fed on oilseed rape leaves treated with a suspension of RNaseIII-deficient E. coli strain AB309-105 containing plasmid PGCDJ001, whereas very little or no insect mortality was observed in the case of bacteria with plasmid pGN29 or leaf only control (FIG. 3-PC).

Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to MLB. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. MLB are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml s sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 5 Epilachna varivetis (Mexican bean beetle) A. Cloning Epilachna varivetis Partial Gene Sequences

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from 4 different larval stages of Epilachna varivetis (Mexican bean beetle; source: Thomas Dorsey, Supervising Entomologist, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Bureau of Biological Pest Control, Phillip Alampi Beneficial Insect Laboratory, PO Box 330, Trenton, N.J. 08625-0330, USA) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the EV005, EV009, EV010, EV015 and EV016 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-EV, which displays Epilachna varivetis target genes including primer sequences and cDNA sequences obtained. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: for EV005 and EV009, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for EV014, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for EV010 and EV016, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 40 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR4/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K4530-20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-EV and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequences are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-EV, where the start of the reading frame is indicated in brackets.

B. dsRNA Production of the Epilachna varivetis Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-EV.

The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C. followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-EV. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-EV.

C. Recombination of the Epilachna varivetis Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example B). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets Using Bean Leaf Discs for Activity Against Epilachna varivetis Larvae

The example provided below is an exemplification of the finding that the Mexican bean beetle (MBB) larvae are susceptible to orally ingested dsRNA corresponding to own target genes.

To test the different double-stranded RNA samples against MBB larvae, a leaf disc assay was employed using snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris variety Montano; source: Aveve NV, Belgium) leaf material as food source. The same variety of beans was used to maintain insect cultures in the insect chamber at 25±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark. Discs of approximately 1.1 cm in diameter (or 0.95 cm²) were cut out off leaves of 1- to 2-week old bean plants using a suitably-sized cork borer. Double-stranded RNA samples were diluted to 1 μg/μl in Milli-Q water containing 0.05% Triton X-100. Treated leaf discs were prepared by applying 25 μl of the diluted solution of target Ev005, Ev010, Ev015, Ev016 dsRNA and control gfp dsRNA or 0.05% Triton X-100 on the adaxial leaf surface. The leaf discs were left to dry and placed individually in each of the 24 wells of a 24-well multiplate containing 1 ml of gellified 2% agar which helps to prevent the leaf disc from drying out. A single neonate MBB larva was placed into each well of a plate, which was then covered with a multiwell plastic lid. The plate was divided into 3 replicates of 8 insects per replicate (row). The plate containing the insects and leaf discs were kept in an insect chamber at 25±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark. The insects were fed on the leaf discs for 2 days after which the insects were transferred to a new plate containing freshly treated leaf discs. Thereafter, 4 days after the start of the bioassay, the insects were transferred to a petriplate containing untreated fresh bean leaves every day until day 10. Insect mortality was recorded at day 2 and every other day thereafter.

Feeding snap bean leaves containing surface-applied intact naked target dsRNAs to E. varivestis larvae resulted in significant increases in larval mortalities, as indicated in FIG. 1. Tested double-stranded RNAs of targets Ev010, Ev015, & Ev016 led to 100% mortality after 8 days, whereas dsRNA of target Ev005 took 10 days to kill all larvae. The majority of the insects fed on treated leaf discs containing control gfp dsRNA or only the surfactant Triton X-100 were sustained throughout the bioassay (FIG. 1-EV).

E. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets Using Bean Leaf Discs for Activity Against Epilachna varivestis Adults

The example provided below is an exemplification of the finding that the Mexican bean beetle adults are susceptible to orally ingested dsRNA corresponding to own target genes.

In a similar bioassay set-up as for Mexican bean beetle larvae, adult MBBs were tested against double-stranded RNAs topically-applied to bean leaf discs. Test dsRNA from each target Ev011, Ev015 and Ev016 was diluted in 0.05% Triton X-100 to a final concentration of 0.1 μg/μl. Bean leaf discs were treated by topical application of 30 μl of the test solution onto each disc. The discs were allowed to dry completely before placing each on a slice of gellified 2% agar in each well of a 24-well multiwell plate. Three-day-old adults were collected from the culture cages and fed nothing for 7-8 hours prior to placing one adult to each well of the bioassay plate (thus 24 adults per treatment). The plates were kept in the insect rearing chamber (under the same conditions as for MBB larvae for 24 hours) after which the adults were transferred to a new plate containing fresh dsRNA-treated leaf discs. After a further 24 hours, the adults from each treatment were collected and placed in a plastic box with dimensions 30 cm×15 cm×10 cm containing two potted and untreated 3-week-old bean plants. Insect mortality was assessed from day 4 until day 11.

All three target dsRNAs (Ev010, Ev015 and Ev016) ingested by adults of Epilachna varivestis resulted in significant increases in mortality from day 4 (4 days post bioassay start), as shown in FIG. 2( a)-EV. From day 5, dramatic changes in feeding patterns were observed between insects fed initially with target-dsRNA-treated bean leaf discs and those that were fed discs containing control gfp dsRNA or surfactant Triton X-100. Reductions in foliar damage by MBB adults of untreated bean plants were clearly visible for all three targets when compared to gfp dsRNA and surfactant only controls, albeit at varying levels; insects fed target 15 caused the least damage to bean foliage (FIG. 2( b)-EV).

F. Cloning of a MBB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to an MLB gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8-EV. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-EV. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

G. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB3309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21 (DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21 (DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimize the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

H. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Epilachna varivetis Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to MBB. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. MMB are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 lead to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 6 Anthonomus grandis (Cotton Boll Weevil) A. Cloning Anthonomus grandis Partial Sequences

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from the 3 instars of Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil; source: Dr. Gary Benzon, Benzon Research Inc., 7 Kuhn Drive, Carlisle, Pa. 17013, USA) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the AG001, AG005, AG010, AG014 and AG016 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-AG. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: for AG001, AG005 and AG016, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for AG010, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 2 minutes and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for AG014, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K2500-20, Invitrogen) and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-AG and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequence are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-AG.

B. dsRNA Production of the Anthonomus grandis (Cotton Boll Weevil) Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-AG. A touchdown PCR was performed as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. with a decrease in temperature of 0.5° C. per cycle and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense 17 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-AG. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-AG.

C. Recombination of Anthonomus grandis Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example 2). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against the Larvae of the House Cricket, Acheta domesticus

House crickets, Acheta domesticus, were maintained at Insect Investigations Ltd. (origin: Blades Biological Ltd., Kent, UK). The insects were reared on bran pellets and cabbage leaves. Mixed sex nymphs of equal size and no more than 5 days old were selected for use in the trial. Double-stranded RNA was mixed with a wheat-based pelleted rodent diet (rat and mouse standard diet, B & K Universal Ltd., Grimston, Aldbrough, Hull, UK). The diet, BK001P, contains the following ingredients in descending order by weight: wheat, soya, wheatfeed, barley, pellet binder, rodent 5 vit min, fat blend, dicalcium phosphate, mould carb. The pelleted rodent diet was finely ground and heat-treated in a microwave oven prior to mixing, in order to inactivate any enzyme components. All rodent diet was taken from the same batch in order to ensure consistency. The ground diet and dsRNA were mixed thoroughly and formed into small pellets of equal weight, which were allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.

Double-stranded RNA samples from targets and gfp control at concentrations 10 μg/μl are applied in the ratio 1 g ground diet plus 1 ml dsRNA solution, thereby resulting in an application rate of 10 mg dsRNA per g pellet. Pellets are replaced weekly. The insects are provided with treated pellets for the first three weeks of the trial. Thereafter untreated pellets are provided. Insects are maintained within lidded plastic containers (9 cm diameter, 4.5 cm deep), ten per container. Each arena contains one treated bait pellet and one water source (damp cotton wool ball), each placed in a separate small weigh boat. The water is replenished ad lib throughout the experiment.

Assessments are made at twice weekly intervals, with no more than four days between assessments, until all the control insects had either died or moulted to the adult stage (84 days). At each assessment the insects are assessed as live or dead, and examined for abnormalities. From day 46 onwards, once moulting to adult commences, all insects (live and dead) are assessed as nymph or adult. Surviving insects are weighed on day 55 of the trial. Four replicates are performed for each of the treatments. During the trial the test conditions are 25 to 33° C. and 20 to 25% relative humidity, with a 12:12 hour light:dark photoperiod.

E. Cloning of a MLB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to an MLB gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21 (DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Anthonomus grandis Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to CBW. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. CBW are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 lead to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 7 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) A. Cloning Tribolium castaneum Partial Sequences

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from all the different insect stages of Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle; source: Dr. Lara Senior, Insect Investigations Ltd., Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff, CF3 2PX, Wales, UK) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the TC001, TC002, TC010, TC014 and TC015 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-TC. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. (TC011, TC014, TC015); 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 2 minutes and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. (TC010); 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. (TC002). The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K2500-20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-TC and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequences are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-TC.

B. dsRNA Production of the Tribolium castaneum Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-TC. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. (−0.5° C./cycle) and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-TC. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-TC.

C. Recombination of Tribolium castaneum Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example 2). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Tribolium castaneum Larvae

The example provided below is an exemplification of the finding that the red flour beetle (RFB) larvae are susceptible to orally ingested dsRNA corresponding to own target genes.

Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum, were maintained at Insect Investigations Ltd. (origin: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Silwood Park, Berkshire, UK). Insects were cultured according to company SOP/251/01. Briefly, the beetles were housed in plastic jars or tanks. These have an open top to allow ventilation. A piece of netting was fitted over the top and secured with an elastic band to prevent escape. The larval rearing medium (flour) was placed in the container where the beetles can breed. The stored product beetle colonies were maintained in a controlled temperature room at 25±3° C. with a 16:8 hour light:dark cycle.

Double-stranded RNA from target TC014 (with sequence corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 799) was incorporated into a mixture of flour and milk powder (whole meal flour: powdered milk in the ratio 4:1) and left to dry overnight. Each replicate was prepared separately: 100 μl of a 10 μg/μl dsRNA solution (1 mg dsRNA) was added to 0.1 g flour/milk mixture. The dried mixture was ground to a fine powder. Insects were maintained within Petri dishes (55 mm diameter), lined with a double layer of filter paper. The treated diet was placed between the two filter paper layers. Ten first instar, mixed sex larvae were placed in each dish (replicate). Four replicates were performed for each treatment. Control was Milli-Q water. Assessments (number of survivors) were made on a regular basis. During the trial, the test conditions were 25-33° C. and 20-25% relative humidity, with a 12:12 hour light:dark photoperiod.

Survival of larvae of T. castaneum over time on artificial diet treated with target TC014 dsRNA was significantly reduced when compared to diet only control, as shown in FIG. 1.

E. Cloning of a RFB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to an RFB gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8-TC. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-TC, The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21 (DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21 (DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Tribolium castaneum Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to RFB. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. RFB are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml s sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 10 Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid) A. Cloning Myzus persicae Partial Sequences

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from nymphs of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid; source: Dr. Rachel Down, Insect & Pathogen Interactions, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the MP001, MP002, MP010, MP016 and MP027 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-MP. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: for MP001, MP002 and MP016, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for MP027, a touchdown program was used: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 10 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 40 seconds at 60° C. with a decrease in temperature of 1° C. per cycle and 1 minute 10 seconds at 72° C., followed by 30 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 40 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute 10 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C.; for MP010, 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 3 minutes at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K2500-20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-MP and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequences are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-MP.

B. dsRNA Production of Myzus persicae Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-MP. A touchdown PCR was performed as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. (for MP001, MP002, MP016, MP027 and gfp) or 30 seconds at 50° C. (for MP010) with a decrease in temperature of 0.5° C. per cycle and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 45° C. and 1 minute at 72° C. followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-MP. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-MP.

C. Recombination of Myzus persicae Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, were cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs were generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example A) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) was obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction was performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments resulted in a hairpin construct for each of the MP001, MP002, MP010, MP016 and MP026 genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

A digest with restriction enzyme Alw44I was done for all the targets cloned into pCR8/GW/topo (see Example B). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) was purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) was added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix was transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones were selected by restriction digest analysis. The complete sequence of the hairpin construct for:

-   -   MP001 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 1066;     -   MP002 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 1067;     -   MP010 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 1068;     -   MP016 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 1069;     -   MP027 (sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense) is represented in SEQ         ID NO: 1070.         Table 9-MP provides complete sequences for each hairpin         construct.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets Using Liquid Artificial Diet for Activity Against Myzus persicae

Liquid artificial diet for the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, was prepared based on the diet suitable for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), as described by Febvay et al. (1988) [Influence of the amino acid balance on the improvement of an artificial diet for a biotype of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae). Can. J. Zool. 66: 2449-2453], but with some modifications. The amino acids component of the diet was prepared as follows: in mg/100 ml, alanine 178.71, beta-alanine 6.22, arginine 244.9, asparagine 298.55, aspartic acid 88.25, cysteine 29.59, glutamic acid 149.36, glutamine 445.61, glycine 166.56, histidine 136.02, isoleucine 164.75, leucine 231.56, lysine hydrochloride 351.09, methionine 72.35, ornithine (HCl) 9.41, phenylalanine 293, proline 129.33, serine 124.28, threonine 127.16, tryptophane 42.75, tyrosine 38.63, L-valine 190.85. The amino acids were dissolved in 30 ml Milli-Q H₂O except for tyrosine which was first dissolved in a few drops of 1 M HCl before adding to the amino acid mix. The vitamin mix component of the diet was prepared as a 5× concentrate stock as follows: in mg/L, amino benzoic acid 100, ascorbic acid 1000, biotin 1, calcium panthothenate 50, choline chloride 500, folic acid 10, myoinositol 420, nicotinic acid 100, pyridoxine hydrochloride 25, riboflavin 5, thiamine hydrochloride 25. The riboflavin was dissolved in 1 ml H2O at 50° C. and then added to the vitamin mix stock. The vitamin mix was aliquoted in 20 ml per aliquot and stored at −20° C. One aliquot of vitamin mix was added to the amino acid solution. Sucrose and MgSO₄.7H₂O was added with the following amounts to the mix: 20 g and 242 mg, respectively. Trace metal stock solution was prepared as follows: in mg/100 ml, CuSO₄.5H₂O 4.7, FeCl₃.6H₂O 44.5, MnCl₂.4H2O 6.5, NaCl 25.4, ZnCl₂ 8.3. Ten ml of the trace metal solution and 250 mg KH₂PO₄ was added to the diet and Milli-Q water was added to a final liquid diet volume of 100 ml. The pH of the diet was adjusted to 7 with 1 M KOH solution. The liquid diet was filter-sterilised through an 0.22 μm filter disc (Millipore).

Green peach aphids (Myzus persicae; source: Dr. Rachel Down, Insect & Pathogen Interactions, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK) were reared on 4- to 6-week-old oilseed rape (Brassica napus variety SW Oban; source: Nick Balaam, Sw Seed Ltd., 49 North Road, Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AS, UK) in aluminium-framed cages containing 70 μm mesh in a controlled environment chamber with the following conditions: 23±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod.

One day prior to the start of the bioassay, adults were collected from the rearing cages and placed on fresh detached oilseed rape leaves in a Petri dish and left overnight in the insect chamber. The following day, first-instar nymphs were picked and transferred to feeding chambers. A feeding chamber comprised of 10 first instar nymphs placed in a small Petri dish (with diameter 3 cm) covered with a single layer of thinly stretched parafilm M onto which 50 μl of diet was added. The chamber was sealed with a second layer of parafilm and incubated under the same conditions as the adult cultures. Diet with dsRNA was refreshed every other day and the insects' survival assessed on day 8 i.e. 8^(th) day post bioassay start. Per treatment, 5 bioassay feeding chambers (replicates) were set up simultaneously. Test and control (gfp) dsRNA solutions were incorporated into the diet to a final concentration of 2 μg/μl. The feeding chambers were kept at 23±2° C. and 60±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. A Mann-Whitney test was determined by GraphPad Prism version 4 to establish whether the medians do differ significantly between target 27 (MP027) and gfp dsRNA.

In the bioassay, feeding liquid artificial diet supplemented with intact naked dsRNA from target 27 (SEQ ID NO: 1061) to nymphs of Myzus persicae using a feeding chamber, resulted in a significant increase in mortality, as shown in FIG. 1. Average percentage survivors for target 27, gfp dsRNA and diet only treatment were 2, 34 and 82, respectively. Comparison of target 027 with gfp dsRNA groups using the Mann-Whitney test resulted in an one-tailed P-value of 0.004 which indicates that the median of target 027 is significantly different (P<0.05) from the expected larger median of gfp dsRNA. The green peach aphids on the liquid diet with incorporated target 27 dsRNA were noticeably smaller than those that were fed on diet only or with gfp dsRNA control (data not presented).

E. Cloning of a GPA Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to a GPA gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8-MP. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-MP. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21 (DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Myzus persicae Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to GPA. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. GPA are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml s sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 lead to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 11 Nilaparvata lugens (Brown Plant Hopper) A. Cloning Nilaparvata lugens Partial Sequences

From high quality total RNA of Nilaparvata lugens (source: Dr. J. A. Gatehouse, Dept. Biological Sciences, Durham University, UK) cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat N^(o). 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's protocol.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the Nilaparvata lugens NL001, NL002, NL003, NL004, NL005, NL006, NL007, NL008, NL009, NL010, NL011, NL012, NL013, NL014, NL015, NL016, NL018, NL019, NL021, NL022, and NL027 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat N^(o). N8080240; Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer's protocol.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-NL. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: for NL001: 5 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.: for NL002: 3 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL003: 3 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 61° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL004: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 51° C. and 1 minute at 72° C.; for NL005: 100 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL006: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 3 minute 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL007: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 15 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL008: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL009: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL010: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 2 minute 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL011: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C.; for NL012: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C.; for NL013: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 10 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL014: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL015: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 40 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL016: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 40 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL018: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 35 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL019: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL021: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 45 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.: for NL022: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 45 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; and for NL027: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 1 minute 45 seconds at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/topo vector (Cat. Nr. K2500 20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-NL and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequences are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-NL.

B. Cloning of a Partial Sequence of the Nilaparvata lugens NL023 Gene Via EST Sequence

From high quality total RNA of Nilaparvata lugens (source: Dr. J. A. Gatehouse, Dept. Biological Sciences, Durham University, UK) cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat N^(o). 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's protocol.

A partial cDNA sequence, NL023, was amplified from Nilaparvata lugens cDNA which corresponded to a Nilaparvata lugens EST sequence in the public database Genbank with accession number CAH65679.2. To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the NL023 gene, a series of PCR reactions with EST based specific primers were performed using PerfectShot™ ExTaq (Cat N^(o). RR005A, Takara Bio Inc.) following the manafacturer's protocol.

For NL023, the specific primers oGBKW002 and oGBKW003 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 1157 and SEQ ID NO: 1158, respectively) were used in two independent PCR reactions with the following conditions: 3 minutes at 95° C., followed by 30 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 56° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick® Gel Extraction Kit; Cat. N^(o). 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR4TOPO vector (Cat N^(o). K4575-40, Invitrogen) and sequenced. The consensus sequence resulting from the sequencing of both PCR products is herein represented by SEQ ID NO: 1111 and is referred to as the partial sequence of the NL023 gene. The corresponding partial amino acid sequence is herein represented as SEQ ID NO: 1112.

C. dsRNA Production of Nilaparvata lugens Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 4. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: for NL001: 4 minutes at 94° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 94° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL002: 4 minutes at 94° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 94° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL003: 4 minutes at 94° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 94° C., 30 seconds at 66° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL004: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL005: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 57° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL006: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL007: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 51° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL008: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL009: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL010: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL011: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL012: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL013: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL014: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 51° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL015: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL016: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 57° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL018: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL019: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 54° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL021: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL022: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 53° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; for NL023: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 52° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C.; and for NL027: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 52° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 4-NL. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen). The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions, but with the following modification: RNA peppet is washed twice in 70% ethanol. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-NL.

The template DNA used for the PCR reactions with T7 primers on the green fluorescent protein (gfp) control was the plasmid pPD96.12 (the Fire Lab, http://genome-www.stanford.edu/group/fire/), which contains the wild-type gfp coding sequence interspersed by 3 synthetic introns. Double-stranded RNA was synthesized using the commercially available kit T7 RiboMAX™ Express RNAi System (Cat. N^(o). P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter. For gfp, the sense T7. template was generated using the specific T7 FW primer oGAU183 and the specific RV primer oGAU182 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 236 and SEQ ID NO: 237, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using the specific FW primer oGAU181 and the specific T7 RV primer oGAU184 (represented herein as SEQ ID NO: 238 and SEQ ID NO: 239, respectively) in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified (QIAquick® PCR Purification Kit; Cat. N^(o). 28106, Qiagen). The generated T7 FW and RV templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by precipitation with sodium acetate and isopropanol, following the manufacturer's protocol, but with the following modification: RNA peppet is washed twice in 70% ethanol. The sense strands of the resulting dsRNA is herein represented by SEQ ID NO: 235.

D. Laboratory Trials to Screen dsRNA Targets Using Liquid Artificial Diet for Activity Against Nilaparvata lugens

Liquid artificial diet (MMD-1) for the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, was prepared as described by Koyama (1988) [Artificial rearing and nutritional physiology of the planthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae and Deltocephalidae) on a holidic diet. JARQ 22: 20-27], but with a modification in final concentration of diet component sucrose: 14.4% (weight over volume) was used. Diet components were prepared as separate concentrates: 10× mineral stock (stored at 4° C.), 2× amino acid stock (stored at −20° C.) and 10× vitamin stock (stored at −20° C.). The stock components were mixed immediately prior to the start of a bioassay to 4/3× concentration to allow dilution with the test dsRNA solution (4× concentration), pH adjusted to 6.5, and filter-sterilised into approximately 500 μl aliquots.

Rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) was reared on two-to-three month old rice (Oryza sativa cv Taichung Native 1) plants in a controlled environment chamber: 27±2° C., 80% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. A feeding chamber comprised 10 first or second instar nymphs placed in a small petri dish (with diameter 3 cm) covered with a single layer of thinly stretched parafilm M onto which 50 μl of diet was added. The chamber was sealed with a second layer of parafilm and incubated under the same conditions as the adult cultures but with no direct light exposure. Diet with dsRNA was refreshed every other day and the insects' survival assessed daily. Per treatment, 5 bioassay feeding chambers (replicates) were set up simultaneously. Test and control (gfp) dsRNA solutions were incorporated into the diet to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml. The feeding chambers were kept at 27±2° C., 80% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. Insect survival data were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve model and the survival between groups were compared using the logrank test (Prism version 4.0).

Feeding liquid artificial diet supplemented with intact naked dsRNAs to Nilaparvata lugens in vitro using a feeding chamber resulted in significant increases in nymphal mortalities as shown in four separate bioassays (FIGS. 1( a)-(d)-NL; Tables 1a-d-NL). These results demonstrate that dsRNAs corresponding to different essential BPH genes showed significant toxicity towards the rice brown planthopper.

Effect of gfp dsRNA on BPH survival in these bioassays is not significantly different to survival on diet only

Tables 10a-d-NL show a summary of the survival of Nilaparvata lugens on artificial diet supplemented with 2 mg/ml (final concentration) of the following targets; in Table 10(a)-NL: NL002, NL003, NL005, NL010; in Table 10(b)-NL NL009, NL016; in Table 10(c)-NL NL014, NL018; and in Table 10(d)-NL NL013, NL015, NL021. In the survival analysis column, the effect of RNAi is indicated as follows: +=significantly decreased survival compared to gfp dsRNA control (alpha<0.05); −=no significant difference in survival compared to gfp dsRNA control. Survival curves were compared (between diet only and diet supplemented with test dsRNA, gfp dsRNA and test dsRNA, and diet only and gfp dsRNA) using the logrank test.

E. Laboratory Trials to Screen dsRNAs at Different Concentrations Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Nilaparvata lugens

Fifty μl of liquid artificial diet supplemented with different concentrations of target NL002 dsRNA, namely 1, 0.2, 0.08, and 0.04 mg/ml (final concentration), was applied to the brown planthopper feeding chambers. Diet with dsRNA was refreshed every other day and the insects' survival assessed daily. Per treatment, 5 bioassay feeding chambers (replicates) were set up simultaneously. The feeding chambers were kept at 27±2° C., 80% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hours light:dark photoperiod. Insect survival data were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve model and the survival between groups were compared using the logrank test (Prism version 4.0).

Feeding liquid artificial diet supplemented with intact naked dsRNAs of target NL002 at different concentrations resulted in significantly higher BPH mortalities at final concentrations of as low as 0.04 mg dsRNA per ml diet when compared with survival on diet only, as shown in FIG. 2-NL and Table 9-NL. Table 9-NL summarizes the survival of Nilaparvata lugens artificial diet feeding trial supplemented with 1, 0.2, 0.08, & 0.04 mg/ml (final concentration) of target NL002. In the survival analysis column the effect of RNAi is indicated as follows: +=significantly decreases survival compared to diet only control (alpha<0.05); −=no significant differences in survival compared to diet only control. Survival curves were compared using the logrank test.

F. Cloning of a BPH Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to a BPH gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-NL. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00.

G. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21 (DE3). Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

H. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Nilaparvata lugens Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to BPH. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. BPH are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml s sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 10 Chilo suppressalis (Rice Striped Stem Borer) A. Cloning of Partial Sequence of the Chilo suppressalis Genes Via Family PCR

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from the 4 different larval stages of Chilo suppressalis (rice striped stem borer) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the CS001, CS002, CS003, CS006, CS007, CS009, CS011, CS013, CS014, CS015, CS016 and CS018 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-CS. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR4/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K2500-20, Invitrogen), and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-CS and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequences are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-CS.

B. dsRNA Production of the Chilo suppressalis Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-CS. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 4 minutes at 95° C., followed by 35 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-CS. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-CS.

C. Recombination of the Chilo suppressalis Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example B). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Chilo suppressalis Larvae

Rice striped stem borers, Chilo suppressalis, (origin: Syngenta, Stein, Switzerland) were maintained on a modified artificial diet based on that described by Kamano and Sato, 1985 (in: Handbook of Insect Rearing. Volumes I & II. P Singh and R F Moore, eds., Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam and New York, 1985, pp 448). Briefly, a litre diet was made up as follows: 20 g of agar added to 980 ml of Milli-Q water and autoclaved; the agar solution was cooled down to approximately 55° C. and the remaining ingredients were added and mixed thoroughly: 40 g corn flour (Polenta), 20 g cellulose, 30 g sucrose, 30 g casein, 20 g wheat germ (toasted), 8 g Wesson salt mixture, 12 g Vanderzant vitamin mix, 1.8 g sorbic acid, 1.6 g nipagin (methylparaben), 0.3 g aureomycin, 0.4 g cholesterol and 0.6 g L-cysteine. The diet was cooled down to approx. 45° C. and poured into rearing trays or cups. The diet was left to set in a horizontal laminair flow cabin. Rice leaf sections with oviposited eggs were removed from a cage housing adult moths and pinned to the solid diet in the rearing cup or tray. Eggs were left to hatch and neonate larvae were available for bioassays and the maintenance of the insect cultures. During the trials and rearings, the conditions were 28±2° C. and 80±5% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hour light:dark photoperiod.

The same artificial diet is used for the bioassays but in this case the diet is poured equally in 24 multiwell plates, with each well containing 1 ml diet. Once the diet is set, the test formulations are applied to the diet's surface (2 cm²), at the rate of 50 μl of 1 μg/μl dsRNA of target. The dsRNA solutions are left to dry and two first instar moth larvae are placed in each well. After 7 days, the larvae are transferred to fresh treated diet in multiwell plates. At day 14 (i.e. 14 days post bioassay start) the number of live and dead insects is recorded and examined for abnormalities. Twenty-four larvae in total are tested per treatment.

An alternative bioassay is performed in which treated rice leaves are fed to neonate larvae of the rice striped stem borer. Small leaf sections of Indica rice variety Taichung native 1 are dipped in 0.05% Triton X-100 solution containing 1 μg/μl of target dsRNA, left to dry and each section placed in a well of a 24 multiwell plate containing gellified 2% agar. Two neonates are transferred from the rearing tray to each dsRNA treated leaf section (24 larvae per treatment). After 4 and 8 days, the larvae are transferred to fresh treated rice leaf sections. The number of live and dead larvae are assessed on days 4, 8 and 12; any abnormalities are also recorded.

E. Cloning of a SSB Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to an SSB gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat, Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-CS. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21(DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ03, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Chilo suppressalis Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to SSB. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. SSB are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml is sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 9 Plutella xylostella (Diamondback Moth) A. Cloning of a Partial Sequence of the Plutella xylostella

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from all the different larval stages of Plutella xylostella (Diamondback moth; source: Dr. Lara Senior, Insect Investigations Ltd., Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff, CF3 2PX, Wales, UK) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manufacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the PX001, PX009, PX010, PX015, PX016 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-PX. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. (for PX001, PX009, PX015, PX016); 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 54° C. and 2 minute and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. (for PX010). The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/TOPO vector (Cat. Nr. K2500-20, Invitrogen) and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-PX and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequence are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-PX.

B. dsRNA Production of the Plutella xylostella Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-PX. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. (−0.5° C./cycle) and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-PX. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat, Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-PX.

C. Recombination of the Plutella xylostella Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement, LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example 2). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Plutella xylostella Larvae

Diamond-back moths, Plutella xylostella, were maintained at Insect Investigations Ltd. (origin: Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK). The insects were reared on cabbage leaves. First instar, mixed sex larvae (approximately 1 day old) were selected for use in the trial. Insects were maintained in Eppendorf tubes (1.5 ml capacity). Commercially available Diamond-back moth diet (Bio-Serv, NJ, USA), prepared following the manafacturer's instructions, was placed in the lid of each tube (0.25 ml capacity, 8 mm diameter). While still liquid, the diet was smoother over to remove excess and produce an even surface.

Once the diet has set the test formulations are applied to the diet's surface, at the rate of 25 μl undiluted formulation (1 μg/μl dsRNA of targets) per replicate. The test formulations are allowed to dry and one first instar moth larva is placed in each tube. The larva is placed on the surface of the diet in the lid and the tube carefully closed. The tubes are stored upside down, on their lids such that each larva remains on the surface of the diet. Twice weekly the larvae are transferred to new Eppendorf tubes with fresh diet. The insects are provided with treated diet for the first two weeks of the trial and thereafter with untreated diet.

Assessments are made twice weekly for a total of 38 days at which point all larvae are dead. At each assessment the insects are assessed as live or dead and examined for abnormalities. Forty single larva replicates are performed for each of the treatments. During the trial the test conditions are 23 to 26° C. and 50 to 65% relative humidity, with a 16:8 hour light:dark photoperiod.

E. Cloning of a DBM Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to a DBM gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8-PX. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-PX. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21(DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in Ab309-105 and BL21 (DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Plutella xylostella Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to DBM. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. DBM are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 12 Acheta domesticus (House Cricket) A. Cloning Acheta domesticus Partial Sequences

High quality, intact RNA was isolated from all the different insect stages of Acheta domesticus (house cricket; source: Dr. Lara Senior, Insect Investigations Ltd., Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff, CF₃ 2PX, Wales, UK) using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation was removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA was generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of the AD001, AD002, AD009, AD015 and AD016 genes, a series of PCR reactions with degenerate primers were performed using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions.

The sequences of the degenerate primers used for amplification of each of the genes are given in Table 2-AD. These primers were used in respective PCR reactions with the following conditions: 10 minutes at 95° C., followed by 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute and 30 seconds at 72° C., followed by 7 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragments were analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), cloned into the pCR8/GW/topo vector (Cat. Nr. K2500 20, Invitrogen) and sequenced. The sequences of the resulting PCR products are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 2-AD and are referred to as the partial sequences. The corresponding partial amino acid sequence are represented by the respective SEQ ID NO:s as given in Table 3-AD.

B. dsRNA Production of the Acheta domesticus Genes

dsRNA was synthesized in milligram amounts using the commercially available kit T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat. Nr. P1700, Promega). First two separate single 5′ T7 RNA polymerase promoter templates were generated in two separate PCR reactions, each reaction containing the target sequence in a different orientation relative to the T7 promoter.

For each of the target genes, the sense T7 template was generated using specific T7 forward and specific reverse primers. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-AD. The conditions in the PCR reactions were as follows: 1 minute at 95° C., followed by 20 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 60° C. (−0.5° C./cycle) and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 15 cycles of 30 seconds at 95° C., 30 seconds at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The anti-sense T7 template was generated using specific forward and specific T7 reverse primers in a PCR reaction with the same conditions as described above. The sequences of the respective primers for amplifying the anti-sense template for each of the target genes are given in Table 8-AD. The resulting PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and purified by PCR purification kit (Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The generated T7 forward and reverse templates were mixed to be transcribed and the resulting RNA strands were annealed, DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions. The sense strand of the resulting dsRNA for each of the target genes is given in Table 8-AD.

C. Recombination of the Acheta domesticus Genes into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example 1) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for each of the target genes, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests were carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the different targets (see Example 2). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Laboratory Trials to Test dsRNA Targets, Using Artificial Diet for Activity Against Acheta domesticus Larvae

House crickets, Acheta domesticus, were maintained at Insect Investigations Ltd. (origin: Blades Biological Ltd., Kent, UK). The insects were reared on bran pellets and cabbage leaves. Mixed sex nymphs of equal size and no more than 5 days old were selected for use in the trial. Double-stranded RNA is mixed with a wheat-based pelleted rodent diet (rat and mouse standard diet, B & K Universal Ltd., Grimston, Aldbrough, Hull, UK). The diet, BK001P, contains the following ingredients in descending order by weight: wheat, soya, wheatfeed, barley, pellet binder, rodent 5 vit min, fat blend, dicalcium phosphate, mould carb. The pelleted rodent diet is finely ground and heat-treated in a microwave oven prior to mixing, in order to inactivate any enzyme components. All rodent diet is taken from the same batch in order to ensure consistency. The ground diet and dsRNA are mixed thoroughly and formed into small pellets of equal weight, which are allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.

Double-stranded RNA samples from targets and gfp control at concentrations 10 μg/μl were applied in the ratio 1 g ground diet plus 1 ml dsRNA solution, thereby resulting in an application rate of 10 mg dsRNA per g pellet. Pellets are replaced weekly. The insects are provided with treated pellets for the first three weeks of the trial. Thereafter untreated pellets are provided. Insects are maintained within lidded plastic containers (9 cm diameter, 4.5 cm deep), ten per container. Each arena contains one treated bait pellet and one water source (damp cotton wool ball), each placed in a separate small weigh boat. The water is replenished ad lib throughout the experiment.

Assessments are made at twice weekly intervals, with no more than four days between assessments, until all the control insects had either died or moulted to the adult stage (84 days). At each assessment the insects are assessed as live or dead, and examined for abnormalities. From day 46 onwards, once moulting to adult has commenced, all insects (live and dead) are assessed as nymph or adult. Surviving insects are weighed on day 55 of the trial. Four replicates are performed for each of the treatments. During the trial the test conditions are 25 to 33° C. and 20 to 25% relative humidity, with a 12:12 hour light:dark photoperiod.

E. Cloning of a HC Gene Fragment in a Vector Suitable for Bacterial Production of Insect-Active Double-Stranded RNA

What follows is an example of cloning a DNA fragment corresponding to a HC gene target in a vector for the expression of double-stranded RNA in a bacterial host, although any vector comprising a T7 promoter or any other promoter for efficient transcription in bacteria, may be used (reference to WO0001846).

The sequences of the specific primers used for the amplification of target genes are provided in Table 8. The template used is the pCR8/GW/topo vector containing any of target sequences. The primers are used in a PCR reaction with the following conditions: 5 minutes at 98° C., followed by 30 cycles of 10 seconds at 98° C., 30 seconds at 55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C., followed by 10 minutes at 72° C. The resulting PCR fragment is analyzed on agarose gel, purified (QIAquick Gel Extraction kit, Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen), blunt-end cloned into Srf I-linearized pGNA49A vector (reference to WO00188121A1), and sequenced. The sequence of the resulting PCR product corresponds to the respective sequence as given in Table 8-AD. The recombinant vector harbouring this sequence is named pGBNJ00XX.

F. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of insect-active double-stranded RNA of insect target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21(DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

G. Laboratory Trials to Test Escherichia coli Expressing dsRNA Targets Against Acheta domesticus Plant-Based Bioassays

Whole plants are sprayed with suspensions of chemically induced bacteria expressing dsRNA prior to feeding the plants to HC. The are grown from in a plant growth room chamber. The plants are caged by placing a 500 ml plastic bottle upside down over the plant with the neck of the bottle firmly placed in the soil in a pot and the base cut open and covered with a fine nylon mesh to permit aeration, reduce condensation inside and prevent insect escape. HC are placed on each treated plant in the cage. Plants are treated with a suspension of E. coli AB309-105 harbouring the pGBNJ001 plasmids or pGN29 plasmid. Different quantities of bacteria are applied to the plants: for instance 66, 22, and 7 units, where one unit is defined as 10⁹ bacterial cells in 1 ml of a bacterial suspension at optical density value of 1 at 600 nm wavelength. In each case, a total volume of between 1 and 10 ml s sprayed on the plant with the aid of a vaporizer. One plant is used per treatment in this trial. The number of survivors are counted and the weight of each survivor recorded.

Spraying plants with a suspension of E. coli bacterial strain AB309-105 expressing target dsRNA from pGBNJ003 leed to a dramatic increase in insect mortality when compared to pGN29 control. These experiments show that double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target sequence produced in either wild-type or RNaseIII-deficient bacterial expression systems is toxic towards the insect in terms of substantial increases in insect mortality and growth/development delay for larval survivors. It is also clear from these experiments that an exemplification is provided for the effective protection of plants/crops from insect damage by the use of a spray of a formulation consisting of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA corresponding to an insect gene target.

EXAMPLE 13 Pyricularia grisea (Rice Blast) A. Cloning P. grisea Partial Sequences

High quality, intact RNA is isolated from different growth stages of P. grisea using TRIzol Reagent (Cat. Nr. 15596-026/15596-018, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA present in the RNA preparation is removed by DNase treatment following the manafacturer's instructions (Cat. Nr. 1700, Promega). cDNA is generated using a commercially available kit (SuperScript™ III Reverse Transcriptase, Cat. Nr. 18080044, Invitrogen, Rockville, Md., USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

To isolate cDNA sequences comprising a portion of a target gene, PCR is performed with degenerate primers using Amplitaq Gold (Cat. Nr. N8080240, Applied Biosystems) following the manafacturer's instructions. The resultant PCR products are fractionated and sequenced.

B. dsRNA Production of P. grisea Genes

dsRNA is synthesized in milligram amounts using a commercially available kit, such as T7 Ribomax™ Express RNAi System (Cat, Nr. P1700, Promega), following the manufacturer's instructions. The resulting PCR products are analyzed on an agarose gel and purified by a PCR purification kit (e.g. Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit, Cat. Nr. 28106, Qiagen) and NaClO₄ precipitation. The product T7 forward and reverse templates are mixed and the resulting RNA strands are annealed, then DNase and RNase treated, and purified by sodium acetate, following the manufacturer's instructions.

C. Recombination of P. Grisea Target into the Plant Vector pK7GWIWG2D(II)

Since the mechanism of RNA interference operates through dsRNA fragments, the target nucleotide sequences of the target genes, as selected above, are cloned in anti-sense and sense orientation, separated by the intron-CmR-intron, whereby CmR is the chloramphenicol resistance marker, to form a dsRNA hairpin construct. These hairpin constructs are generated using the LR recombination reaction between an attL-containing entry clone (see Example A) and an attR-containing destination vector (=pK7GWIWG2D(II)). The plant vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) is obtained from the VIB/Plant Systems Biology with a Material Transfer Agreement. LR recombination reaction is performed by using LR Clonase™ II enzyme mix (Cat. Nr. 11791-020, Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. These cloning experiments result in a hairpin construct for the target gene, having the promoter-sense-intron-CmR-intron-antisense orientation, and wherein the promoter is the plant operable 35S promoter. The binary vector pK7GWIWG2D(II) with the 35S promoter is suitable for transformation into A. tumefaciens.

Restriction enzyme digests are carried out on pCR8/GW/TOPO plasmids containing the target (see Example B). The band containing the gene of interest flanked by the attL sites using Qiaquick Gel Extraction Kit (Cat. Nr. 28706, Qiagen) is purified. An amount of 150 ng of purified fragment and 150 ng pK7GWIWG2D(II) is added together with the LR clonase II enzyme and incubated for at least 1 h at 25° C. After proteinase K solution treatment (10 min at 37° C.), the whole recombination mix is transformed into Top 10 chemically competent cells. Positive clones are selected by restriction digest analyses.

D. Expression and Production of a Double-Stranded RNA Target in Two Strains of Escherichia coli: (1) AB309-105, and, (2) BL21(DE3)

The procedures described below are followed in order to express suitable levels of fungal double-stranded RNA of fungal target in bacteria. An RNaseIII-deficient strain, AB309-105, is used in comparison to wild-type RNaseIII-containing bacteria, BL21(DE3).

Transformation of AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Three hundred ng of the plasmid are added to and gently mixed in a 50 μl aliquot of ice-chilled chemically competent E. coli strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3). The cells are incubated on ice for 20 minutes before subjecting them to a heat shock treatment of 37° C. for 5 minutes, after which the cells are placed back on ice for a further 5 minutes. Four hundred and fifty μl of room temperature SOC medium is added to the cells and the suspension incubated on a shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. for 1 hour. One hundred μl of the bacterial cell suspension is transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 150 ml of liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin antibiotic. The culture is incubated on an Innova 4430 shaker (250 rpm) at 37° C. overnight (16 to 18 hours).

Chemical Induction of Double-Stranded RNA Expression in AB309-105 and BL21(DE3)

Expression of double-stranded RNA from the recombinant vector, pGBNJ003, in the bacterial strain AB309-105 or BL21(DE3) is made possible since all the genetic components for controlled expression are present. In the presence of the chemical inducer isopropylthiogalactoside, or IPTG, the T7 polymerase will drive the transcription of the target sequence in both antisense and sense directions since these are flanked by oppositely oriented T7 promoters.

The optical density at 600 nm of the overnight bacterial culture is measured using an appropriate spectrophotometer and adjusted to a value of 1 by the addition of fresh LB broth. Fifty ml of this culture is transferred to a 50 ml Falcon tube and the culture then centrifuged at 3000 g at 15° C. for 10 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the bacterial pellet resuspended in 50 ml of fresh S complete medium (SNC medium plus 5 μg/ml cholesterol) supplemented with 100 μg/ml carbenicillin and 1 mM IPTG. The bacteria are induced for 2 to 4 hours at room temperature.

Heat Treatment of Bacteria

Bacteria are killed by heat treatment in order to minimise the risk of contamination of the artificial diet in the test plates. However, heat treatment of bacteria expressing double-stranded RNA is not a prerequisite for inducing toxicity towards the insects due to RNA interference. The induced bacterial culture is centrifuged at 3000 g at room temperature for 10 minutes, the supernatant discarded and the pellet subjected to 80° C. for 20 minutes in a water bath. After heat treatment, the bacterial pellet is resuspended in 1.5 ml MilliQ water and the suspension transferred to a microfuge tube. Several tubes are prepared and used in the bioassays for each refreshment. The tubes are stored at −20° C. until further use.

TABLE 1A C. elegans id D. melanogaster id description devgen RNAi screen B0250.1 CG1263 large ribosomal subunit L8 protein. Acute lethal or lethal B0336.10 CG3661 large ribosomal subunit L23 protein. Acute lethal or lethal B0336.2 CG8385 ADP-ribosylation factor Acute lethal or lethal B0464.1 CG3821 Putative aspartyl(D) tRNA synthetase. Acute lethal or lethal C01G8.5 CG10701 Ortholog of the ERM family of cytoskeletal linkers Acute lethal or lethal C01H6.5 CG33183 Nuclear hormone receptor that is required in all larval molts Acute lethal or lethal C02C6.1 CG18102 Member of the DYNamin related gene class Acute lethal or lethal C03D6.8 CG6764 Large ribosomal subunit L24 protein (Rlp24p) Acute lethal or lethal C04F12.4 CG6253 rpl-14 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L14 protein. Acute lethal or lethal C04H5.6 CG10689 Product with RNA helicase activity (EC: 2.7.7.-) involved in nuclear Embryonic lethal or sterile mRNA splicing, via spliceosome which is a component of the spliceosome complex C13B9.3 CG14813 Delta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex Acute lethal or lethal C17H12.14 CG1088 Member of the Vacuolar H ATPase gene class Acute lethal or lethal C26E6.4 CG3180 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II Acute lethal or lethal F23F12.6 CG16916 Triple A ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory particle Acute lethal or lethal (RP) base subcomplex F57B9.10 CG10149 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, Non-ATPase-like gene Acute lethal or lethal class K11D9.2 CG3725 sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca[2+] ATPase homolog Embryonic lethal or sterile T20G5.1 CG9012 Clathrin heavy chain Acute lethal or lethal T20H4.3 CG5394 Predicted cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) Acute lethal or lethal T21E12.4 CG7507 Cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain homolog Acute lethal or lethal C05C10.3 CG1140 Orthologue to the human gene 3-OXOACID COA TRANSFERASE Acute lethal or lethal C09D4.5 CG2746 Ribosomal protein L19, structural constituent of ribosome involved in Acute lethal or lethal protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome C09E10.2 CG31140 Orthologue of diacylglyerol kinase involved in movement, egg laying, and Acute lethal or lethal synaptic transmission, and is expressed in neurons. C13B9.3 CG14813 Delta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) Acute lethal or lethal C14B9.7 CG12775 Large ribosomal subunit L21 protein (RPL-21) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis C15H11.7 CG30382 Type 6 alpha subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle Acute lethal or lethal (CP) C17E4.9 CG9261 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex Embryonic lethal or sterile C17H12.14 CG1088 V-ATPase E subunit Acute lethal or lethal C23G10.4 CG11888 Non-ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory paritcle Acute lethal or lethal base subcomplex (RPN-2) C26D10.2 CG7269 Product with helicase activity involved in nuclear mRNA splicing, via Acute lethal or lethal spliceosome which is localized to the nucleus C26E6.4 CG3180 RNA polymerase II 140 kD subunit (RpII140), DNA-directed RNA Acute lethal or lethal polymerase activity (EC: 2.7.7.6) involved in transcription from Pol II promoter which is a component of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex C26F1.4 CG15697 Product with function in protein biosynthesis and ubiquitin in protein Acute lethal or lethal degradation. C30C11.1 CG12220 Unknown function Acute lethal or lethal C30C11.2 CG10484 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, Non-ATPase-like gene Acute lethal or lethal class C36A4.2 CG13977 cytochrome P450 Acute lethal or lethal C37C3.6 CG33103 Orthologous to thrombospondin, papilin and lacunin Acute lethal or lethal C37H5.8 CG8542 Member of the Heat Shock Protein gene class Acute lethal or lethal C39F7.4 CG3320 Rab-protein 1 involved in cell adhesion Acute lethal or lethal C41C4.8 CG2331 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization Growth delay or arrested in and biogenesis growth C42D8.5 CG8827 ACE-like protein Acute lethal or lethal C47E12.5 CG1782 Ubiquitin-activating enzyme, function in an ATP-dependent reaction that Acute lethal or lethal activates ubiquitin prior to its conjugation to proteins that will subsequently be degraded by the 26S proteasome. C47E8.5 CG1242 Member of the abnormal DAuer Formation gene class Acute lethal or lethal C49H3.11 CG5920 Small ribosomal subunit S2 protein. Acute lethal or lethal C52E4.4 CG1341 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, ATPase-like gene class Acute lethal or lethal C56C10.3 CG8055 Carrier protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport Growth delay or arrested in growth CD4.6 CG4904 Type 1 alpha subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle Acute lethal or lethal (CP). D1007.12 CG9282 Large ribosomal subunit L24 protein. Acute lethal or lethal D1054.2 CG5266 Member of the Proteasome Alpha Subunit gene class Acute lethal or lethal D1081.8 CG6905 MYB transforming protein Acute lethal or lethal F07D10.1 CG7726 Large ribosomal subunit L11 protein (RPL-11.2) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis. F11C3.3 CG17927 Muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC B) Acute lethal or lethal F13B10.2 CG4863 Large ribosomal subunit L3 protein (rpl-3) Acute lethal or lethal F16A11.2 CG9987 Methanococcus hypothetical protein 0682 like Acute lethal or lethal F20B6.2 CG17369 V-ATPase B subunit Growth delay or arrested in growth F23F12.6 CG16916 Triple A ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory particle Acute lethal or lethal (RP) base subcomplex (RPT-3) F25H5.4 CG2238 Translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), a GTP-binding protein involved in Growth delay or arrested in protein synthesis growth F26D10.3 CG4264 Member of the Heat Shock Protein gene class Acute lethal or lethal F28C6.7 CG6846 Large ribosomal subunit L26 protein (RPL-26) involved in protein Embryonic lethal or sterile biosynthesis F28D1.7 CG8415 Small ribosomal subunit S23 protein (RPS-23) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F29G9.5 CG5289 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, ATPase-like gene class Acute lethal or lethal F32H2.5 CG3523 Mitochondrial protein Acute lethal or lethal F37C12.11 CG2986 Small ribosomal subunit S21 protein (RPS-21) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F37C12.4 CG7622 Large ribosomal subunit L36 protein (RPL-36) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F37C12.9 CG1527 Small ribosomal subunit S14 protein (RPS-14) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F38E11.5 CG6699 beta′ (beta-prime) subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex Acute lethal or lethal F39B2.6 CG10305 Small ribosomal subunit S26 protein (RPS-26) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F39H11.5 CG12000 Member of the Proteasome Beta Subunit gene class Acute lethal or lethal F40F8.10 CG3395 Ribosomal protein S9 (RpS9), structural constituent of ribosome involved Acute lethal or lethal in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit F42C5.8 CG7808 Small ribosomal subunit S8 protein (RPS-8) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F49C12.8 CG5378 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, Non-ATPase-like gene Acute lethal or lethal class F53A3.3 CG2033 Small ribosomal subunit S15a protein. Acute lethal or lethal F53G12.10 CG4897 large ribosomal subunit L7 protein (rpl-7) Acute lethal or lethal F54A3.3 CG8977 Unknown function Acute lethal or lethal F54E2.3 CG1915 Product with sallimus (sls), myosin-light-chain kinase activity (EC: 2.7.1.117) involved in mitotic chromosome condensation which is localized to the nucleus F54E7.2 CG11271 Small ribosomal subunit S12 protein (RPS-12) involved in protein Acute lethal or lethal biosynthesis F55A11.2 CG4214 Member of the SYNtaxin gene class Acute lethal or lethal F55A3.3 CG1828 transcritpion factor Acute lethal or lethal F55C10.1 CG11217 Ortholog of calcineurin B, the regulatory subunit of the protein Acute lethal or lethal phosphatase 2B F56F3.5 CG2168 rps-1 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S3A protein. Acute lethal or lethal F57B9.10 CG10149 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, Non-ATPase-like gene Acute lethal or lethal class F58F12.1 CG2968 ATP synthase Acute lethal or lethal F59E10.3 CG3948 Zeta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex Acute lethal or lethal JC8.3 CG3195 Large ribosomal subunit L12 protein (rpl-12) Acute lethal or lethal K01G5.4 CG1404 Putative RAN small monomeric GTPase (cell adhesion) Acute lethal or lethal K04F10.4 CG18734 Subtilase Acute lethal or lethal K05C4.1 CG12323 Member of the Proteasome Beta Subunit gene class Acute lethal or lethal K07D4.3 CG18174 Putative proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex, rpn11 Acute lethal or lethal K11D9.2 CG3725 Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca[2+] ATPase Embryonic lethal or sterile; Acute lethal or lethal M03F4.2 CG4027 An actin that is expressed in body wall and vulval muscles and the Acute lethal or lethal spermatheca. R06A4.9 CG1109 six WD40 repeats Acute lethal or lethal R10E11.1 CG15319 Putative transcriptional cofactor Acute lethal or lethal R12E2.3 CG3416 Protein with endopeptidase activity involved in proteolysis and Acute lethal or lethal peptidolysis F10C1.2 CG10119 Member of the Intermediate Filament, B gene class Embryonic lethal or sterile F35G12.8 CG11397 Homolog of the SMC4 subunit of mitotic condensin Embryonic lethal or sterile F53G12.1 CG5771 GTPase homologue Embryonic lethal or sterile F54E7.3 CG5055 PDZ domain-containing protein Embryonic lethal or sterile H28O16.1 CG3612 ATP synthase Growth delay or arrested in growth K12C11.2 CG4494 Member of the SUMO (ubiquitin-related) homolog gene class Embryonic lethal or sterile R12E2.3 CG3416 Member of the proteasome Regulatory Particle, Non-ATPase-like gene Acute lethal or lethal class R13A5.8 CG6141 Ribosomal protein L9, structural constituent of ribosome involved in Acute lethal or lethal protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome T01C3.6 CG4046 rps-16 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S16 protein. Acute lethal or lethal T01H3.1 CG7007 proteolipid protein PPA1 like protein Acute lethal or lethal T05C12.7 CG5374 Cytosolic chaperonin Acute lethal or lethal T05H4.6 CG5605 eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 1 Acute lethal or lethal T10H9.4 CG17248 N-synaptobrevin; v-SNARE, vesicle-mediated transport, synaptic vesicle T14F9.1 CG17332 ATPase subunit Growth delay or arrested in growth T20G5.1 CG9012 Clathrin heavy chain Acute lethal or lethal T21B10.7 CG7033 t-complex protein 1 Embryonic lethal or sterile W09B12.1 CG17907 Acetylcholineesterase T27F2.1 CG8264 Member of the mammalian SKIP (Ski interacting protein) homolog gene Acute lethal or lethal class ZC434.5 CG5394 predicted mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) Acute lethal or lethal B0511.6 CG6375 helicase Embryonic lethal or sterile DY3.2 CG10119 Nuclear lamin; LMN-1 protein Growth delay or arrested in growth R13G10.1 CG11397 homolog of the SMC4 subunit of mitotic condensin Wild Type T26E3.7 CG3612 Predicted mitochondrial protein. Growth delay or arrested in growth Y113G7A.3 CG1250 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi Acute lethal or lethal stack Y43B11AR.4 CG11276 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved Acute lethal or lethal in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit Y46G5A.4 CG5931 Y46G5A.4 gene Acute lethal or lethal Y71F9AL.17 CG7961 Alpha subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex Acute lethal or lethal Y76B12C.7 CG10110 Gene cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor Embryonic lethal or sterile Y37D8A.10 CG1751 Unknown function Embryonic lethal or sterile CG7765 C06G3.2 Member of the Kinesin-Like Protein gene class CG10922 C44E4.4 RNA-binding protein Embryonic lethal or sterile CG4145 F01G12.5 alpha-2 type IV collagen Embryonic lethal or sterile CG13391 F28H1.3 apredicted cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) Growth delay or arrested in growth CG7765 R05D3.7 Member of the UNCoordinated gene class Embryonic lethal or sterile CG7398 R06A4.4 Member of the IMportin Beta family gene class Embryonic lethal or sterile CG7436 T17E9.2 Unknown function Embryonic lethal or sterile CG2666 T25G3.2 putative chitin synthase Embryonic lethal or sterile CG17603 W04A8.7 TATA-binding protein associated factor TAF1L (TAFII250) Embryonic lethal or sterile

TABLE 1-LD Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) LD001 CG11276 1 2 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit LD002 CG8055 3 4 Carrier protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport LD003 CG3395 5 6 Ribosomal protein S9 (RpS9), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit LD006 CG3180 7 8 RNA polymerase II 140 kD subunit (RpII140), DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity (EC: 2.7.7.6) involved in transcription from Pol II promoter which is a component of the DNA- directed RNA polymerase II, core complex LD007 CG7269 9 10 Helicase at 25E (Hel25E), also known in FlyBase as Dbp25F, Hel, 1(2)25Eb and 1(2)k11511, pre- mRNA splicing factor activity involved in nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome which is localized to the nucleus LD010 CG1250 11 12 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack LD011 CG1404 13 14 Tutative RAN small monomeric GTPase (cell adhesion) LD014 CG1088 15 16 V-ATPase E subunit LD015 CG2331 17 18 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis LD016 CG17369 19 20 V-ATPase B subunit LD018 CG1915 21 22 Sallimus (sls), myosin-light-chain kinase activity (EC: 2.7.1.117) involved in mitotic chromosome condensation which is localized to the nucleus LD027 CG6699 23 24 Beta-coatamer protein, subunit of a multimeric complex that forms a membrane vesicle coat

TABLE 1-PC Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) PC001 CG11276 247 248 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit PC003 CG3395 249 250 Ribosomal protein S9 (RpS9), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit PC005 CG2746 251 252 Ribosomal protein L19, structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome PC010 CG1250 253 254 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack PC014 CG1088 255 256 V-ATPase E subunit PC016 CG17369 257 258 V-ATPase B subunit PC027 CG6699 259 260 Beta-coatamer protein, subunit of a multimeric complex that forms a membrane vesicle coat

TABLE 1-EV Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) EV005 CG2746 513 514 Ribosomal protein L19, structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome EV009 CG9261 515 516 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex EV010 CG1250 517 518 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack EV015 CG2331 519 520 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis EV016 CG17369 521 522 V-ATPase B subunit

TABLE 1-AG Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) AG001 CG11276 601 602 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit AG005 CG2746 603 604 Ribosomal protein L19, structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome AG010 CG1250 605 606 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack AG014 CG1088 607 608 V-ATPase E subunit AG016 CG17369 609 610 V-ATPase B subunit

TABLE 1-TC Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) TC001 CG11276 793 794 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit TC002 CG8055 795 796 Protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport TC010 CG1250 797 798 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack TC014 CG1088 799 800 V-ATPase E subunit TC015 CG2331 801 802 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis

TABLE 1-MP Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) MP001 CG11276 888 889 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit MP002 CG8055 890 891 Carrier protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport MP010 CG1250 892 893 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack MP016 CG17369 894 895 V-ATPase B subunit MP027 CG6699 896 897 Beta-coatamer protein, subunit of a multimeric complex that forms a membrane vesicle coat

TABLE 1-NL Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) NL001 CG11276 1071 1072 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit NL002 CG8055 1073 1074 Protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport NL003 CG3395 1075 1076 Ribosomal protein S9 (RpS9), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit NL004 CG6141 1077 1078 Ribosomal protein L9, structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome NL005 CG2746 1079 1080 Ribosomal protein L19, structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is localised to the ribosome NL006 CG3180 1081 1082 RNA polymerase II 140 kD subunit (RpII140), DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity (EC: 2.7.7.6) involved in transcription from Pol II promoter which is a component of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex NL007 CG7269 1083 1084 Helicase at 25E (Hel25E), also known in FlyBase as Dbp25F, Hel, 1(2)25Eb and 1(2)k11511, pre- mRNA splicing factor activity involved in nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome which is localized to the nucleus NL008 CG3416 1085 1086 Protein with endopeptidase activity involved in proteolysis and peptidolysis which is a component of the proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex (sensu Eukarya) NL009 CG9261 1087 1088 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex NL010 CG1250 1089 1090 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack NL011 CG1404 1091 1092 Putative RAN small monomeric GTPase (cell adhesion) NL012 CG17248 1093 1094 N-synaptobrevin; v-SNARE, vesicle-mediated transport, synaptic vesicle NL013 CG18174 1095 1096 Putative proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex, rpn11 NL014 CG1088 1097 1098 V-ATPase E subunit NL015 CG2331 1099 1100 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis NL016 CG17369 1101 1102 V-ATPase B subunit NL018 CG1915 1103 1104 Sallimus (sls), myosin-light-chain kinase activity (EC: 2.7.1.117) involved in mitotic chromosome condensation which is localized to the nucleus NL019 CG3320 1105 1106 Rab-protein 1 involved in cell adhesion NL021 CG10110 1107 1108 Gene cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor NL022 CG10689 1109 1110 Product with RNA helicase activity (EC: 2.7.7.-) involved in nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome which is a component of the spliceosome complex NL023 CG17907 1111 1112 Acetylcholineesterase NL027 CG6699 1113 1114 Beta-coatomer protein

TABLE 1-CS Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) CS001 CG11276 1682 1683 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit CS002 CG8055 1684 1685 Carrier protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport CS003 CG3395 1686 1687 Ribosomal protein S9 (RpS9), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit CS006 CG3180 1688 1689 RNA polymerase II 140 kD subunit (RpII140), DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity (EC: 2.7.7.6) involved in transcription from Pol II promoter which is a component of the DNA- directed RNA polymerase II, core complex CS007 CG7269 1690 1691 Helicase at 25E (Hel25E), also known in FlyBase as Dbp25F, Hel, 1(2)25Eb and 1(2)k11511, pre- mRNA splicing factor activity involved in nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome which is localized to the nucleus CS009 CG9261 1692 1693 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex CS011 CG1404 1694 1695 Tutative RAN small monomeric GTPase (cell adhesion) CS013 CG18174 1696 1697 Putative proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex, rpn11 CS014 CG1088 1698 1699 V-ATPase E subunit CS015 CG2331 1700 1701 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis CS016 CG17369 1702 1703 V-ATPase B subunit CS018 CG1915 1704 1705 Sallimus (sls), myosin-light-chain kinase activity (EC: 2.7.1.117) involved in mitotic chromosome condensation which is localized to the nucleus

TABLE 1-PX Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) PX001 CG11276 2100 2101 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit PX009 CG9261 2102 2103 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex PX010 CG1250 2104 2105 GTPase activator, ER to Golgi prot transport, component of the Golgi stack PX015 CG2331 2106 2107 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis PX016 CG17369 2108 2109 V-ATPase B subunit

TABLE 1-AD Dm SEQ ID SEQ ID Target ID identifier NO NA NO AA Function (based on Flybase) AD001 CG11276 2364 2365 Ribosomal protein S4 (RpS4), structural constituent of ribosome involved in protein biosynthesis which is a component of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit AD002 CG8055 2366 2367 Carrier protein with putatively involved in intracellular protein transport AD009 CG9261 2368 2369 Protein involved with Na+/K+- exchanging ATPase complex AD015 CG2331 2370 2371 Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TER94, Golgi organization and biogenesis AD016 CG17369 2372 2373 V-ATPase B subunit

TABLE 2-LD Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) Target ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ LD001 SEQ ID NO: 25 SEQ ID NO: 26 SEQ ID NO: 1 GGCCCCAAGA TAGCGGATGG GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTGAATGCCCCAAAAGCATGGATGTTGGATA AGCATTTGAA TGCGDCCRTC AATTGGGAGGTGTTTTCGCACCTCGCCCATCTACAGGACCTCACAAATTGCGAGA GCG RTG GTCTTTGCCCTTGGTGATCTTCCTACGTAACCGATTGAAGTATGCTTTGACTAACA GCGAAGTTACTAAGATTGTTATGCAAAGGTTAATCAAAGTAGATGGAAAAGTGAG GACCGACTCCAATTACCCTGCTGGGTTTATGGATGTTATTACCATTGAAAAAACTG GTGAATTTTTCCGACTCATCTATGATGTTAAAGGACGATTTGCAGTGCATCGTATT ACTGCTGAGGAAGCAAAGTACAAACTATGCAAAGTCAGGAGGATGCAAACTGGC CCCAAAGGAATTCCCTTCATAGTGACACACGACGGCCGCACCATCCGCTA LD002 SEQ ID NO: 27 SEQ ID NO: 28 SEQ ID NO: 3 GAGCGGCCAT GCAATGTCAT GCAATGTCATCCATCATGTCGTGTACATTGTCCACGTCCAAGTTTTTATGGGCTTT GCAAGCVCTB CCATCAKRTC CTTAAGAGCTTCAGCTGCATTTTTCATAGATTCCAATACTGTGGTGTTCGTACTAG AARMRRAAG RTGCAC CTCCCTCCAGAGCTTCTCGTTGAAGTTCAATAGTAGTTAAAGTGCCATCTATTTGC AACTGATTTTTTTCTAATCGCTTCTTCCGCTTCAGCGCTTGCATGGCCGCTC LD003 SEQ ID NO: 29 SEQ ID NO: 30 SEQ ID NO: 5 TCGGTCTTCTC CAGGTTCTTC CAGGTTCTTCCTCTTGACGCGTCCAGGGCGACCACCACCGAATGGAGATTTGAGC GAAGACNTAY CTCTTKACRC GAGAAGTCAATATGCTTCTGGGAATCAAGTCTCACAATGAAGCTTGGAATATTCA GTKAC GDCC CGACCTGCTTACGAACCCTGATATGTCTTTGACGGACCAGCACACGAGCATGATG GATTGATTTTGCAAGCCCCAACTTGAAAACTTGTGTTTGGAGACGTCGTTCCAAGA AATCTTCAATCTTCAAACCCAAGACGTAATCAAGCTTCATACGGGTTTCATCCAAC ACTCCAATACGCACCAACCGACGAAGAAGAGCATTGCCTTCAAACAACCTGCGCT GATCTTTCTCTTCCAAAGTCAGAAGTTCTCTGGCAGCTTTACGGATTTTTGCCAAG GTATACTTGACTCGCCACACTTCACGTTTGTTCCTAAGACCATATTCTCCTATGATT TTCAACTCCTGATCAAGACGTGCCTTTTCATAAGGTCGCCTGGGA LD006 SEQ ID NO: 31 SEQ ID NO: 32 SEQ ID NO: 7 GGAGCGAGAC CTCGAACTGC GGAGCGAGACTACACAACTATGGCTGGCAGGTGTTGGTTGCTTCTGGTGTGGTGG TACAACAAYK TCYTCYTGAT AATACATCGACACTCTTGAAGAAGAAACTGTCATGATTGCGATGAATCCTGAGGA AYRGYTGGC CRCC TCTTCGGCAGGACAAAGAATATGCTTATTGTACGACCTACACCCACTGCGAAATC CACCCGGCCATGATCTTGGGCGTTTGCGCGTCTATTATACCTTTCCCCGATCATAA CCAGAGCCCAAGGAACACCTACCAGAGCGCTATGGGTAAGCAAGCTATGGGGGT CTACATTACGAATTTCCACGTGCGGATGGACACCCTGGCCCACGTGCTATACTACC CGCACAAACCTCTGGTCACTACCAGGTCTATGGAGTATCTGCGGTCAGAGAATT ACCAGCCGGGATCAACAGTATAGTTGCTATGCTTGTTATACTGGTTATAATCAAG AAGATTCTGTTATTCTGAACGCGTCTGCTGTGGAAAGAGGATTTTTCCGATCCGTG TTTTATCGTTCCTATAAAGATGCCGAATCGAAGCGAATTGGCGATCAAGAAGAGC AGTTCGAG LD007 SEQ ID NO: 33 SEQ ID NO: 34 SEQ ID NO: 9 CCGAAGAAGG CGATGCAAGT CCGAAGAAGGATGTGAAGGGTACTACGTATCCATACACAGTTCAGGCTTCAGAG AYGTSAAGGG AGGTGTCKGA ATTTTTTATTGAAACCAGAAATTCTAAGAGCTATAGTTGACTGCGGTTTTGAACAC YAC RTCYTC CCTTCAGAAGTTCAGCACGAATGTATTCCTCAAGCTGTCATTGGCATGGACATTTT ATGTCAAGCCAAATCTGGTATGGGCAAAACGGCAGTGTTTGTTCTGGCGACACTG CAACAATTGGAACCAGCGGACAATGTTGTTTACGTTTTGGTGATGTGTCACACTCG TGAACTGGCTTTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTACGAGAGGTTCAGTAAATATATGCCC AGTGTCAAGGTGGGCGTCTTTTTCGGAGGAATGCCTATTGCTAACGATGAAGAAG TATTGAAAAACAAATGTCCACACATTGTTGTGGGGACGCCTGGGCGTATTTTGGC GCTTGTCAAGTCTAGGAAGCTAGTCCTCAAGAACCTGAAACACTTCATTCTTGATG AGTGCGATAAAATGTTAGAACTGTTGGATATGAGGAGAGACGTCCAGGAAATCTA CAGAAACACCCCTCACACCAAGCAAGTGATGATGTTCAGTGCCACACTCAGCAAA GAAATCAGGCCGGTGTGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAGATCCAATGGAGGTGTATGTAG ACGATGAAGCCAAATTGACGTTGCACGGATTACAACAGCATTACGTTAAACTCAA AGAAAATGAAAAGAATAAAAAATTATTTGAGTTGCTCGATGTTCTCGAATTTAAT CAGGTGGTCATTTTTGTGAAGTCCGTTCAAAGGTGTGTGGCTTTGGCACAGTTTGCT GACTGAACAGAATTTCCCAGCCATAGGAATTCACAGAGGAATGGACCAGAAAGA GAGGTTGTCTCGGTATGAGCAGTTCAAAGATTTCCAGAAGAGAATATTGGTAGCT AGGAATCTCTTTGGGCGTGGCATGGACATTGAAAGGGTCAACATTGTCTTCAACT ATGATATGCCAGAGGACTCCGACACCTACTTGCATCG LD010 SEQ ID NO: 35 SEQ ID NO: 36 SEQ ID NO: 11 CTCTCAAGGA CGCCATTGGG CTCTCAAGGATTCGTTGCAGATGTCTTTGAGCTTGTTGCCCCCGAATGCCTGATA TTCKYTRCAR CRATGGTYTC GGGTTGATTACCTTTGGGAAGATGGTCCAAGTGCACGAACTAGGTACCGAGGGCT ATGTC KCC GCAGCAAATCTTACGTTTTCCGAGGGACGAAAGACCTCACAGCTAAGCAAGTTCA AGAGATGTTGGAAGTGGGCAGAGCCGCAGTAAGTGCTCAACCTGCTCCTCAACAA CCAGGACAACCCATGAGGCCTGGAGCACTCCAGCAAGCTCCTACGCCACCAGGA AGCAGGTTCCTTCAACCCATCTCGAAATGCGACATGAACCTCACTGATCTTATTGG AGAGTTGCAAAGAGACCCATGGCCTGTCCACCAAGGCAAATGCGCCCTTAGATCG ACCGGGACAGCTTTATCGATAGCCATTGGGTTGTTGGAGTGCACATACGCCAATA CTGGTGCCAGGGTCATGCTATTCGTTGGAGGACCTTGCTCTCAAGGCCCTGGTCAA GTCTTGAATGATGATCTGAAGCAACCTATCAGATCTCACCACGACATCCAAAAAG ACAATGCCAAATACATGAAGAAAGCAATCAAGCACTATGATAATTTAGCGATGA GAGCAGCAACGAATGGCCACTGCGTTGACATATATTCATGCGCTTTGGATCAGAC AGGATTGATGGAGATGAAACAGTGTTGTAATTCAACAGGGGGACATATGGTCATG GGCGACTCGTTCAATTCTTCCCTGTTCAAGCAAACGTTCCAGCGCATATTTTCGAA AGATCAGAAAAACGAGCTGAAGATGGCATTTAATGGTACTCTGGAGGGTCAAGT GTTCCAGGGAGTTGAAAATTCAAGGCGGTATTGGATCTTGTGTTTCGTTGAATGTG AAGAATCCTTTGGTTTCCGACACCGAAATAGGAATGGGTAACACGGTCCAGTGGA AAATGTGTACGGTAACTCCAAGTACTACCATGGCCTTGTTCTTCGAGGTCGTCAAC CAACATTCCGCTCCCATACCTCAAGGGGGAAGGGGCTGCATACAGTTCATCACGC AATATCAGCATGCTAGTGGCCAGAAGAGGATCCGAGTAACGACAGTTGCTAGAA ACTGGGCCGATGCTTCCGCTAATATACATCATGTCAGTGCTGGATTCGATCAGGA GGCAGCCGCAGTGATAATGGCGAGGATGGCAGTTTACAGAGCGGAATCAGACGA TAGCCCTGATGTTTTGAGATGGGTCGATAGGATGTTGATACGTCTGTGCCAGAAA TTCGGCGAATATAACAAGGACGACCCGAATTCGTTCCGCTTGGGCGAAAACTTCA GCCTCTACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTGAGAAGGTCACAGTTCCTGCAGGTGTTT AACAATTCTCCCGACGAAACGTCCTTCTACAGGCACATGCTTATGCGCGAAGACC TCACGCAGTCGCTGATCATGATCCAGCCGATACTCTACAGCTACAGTTTCAATGG ACCACCAGAACCTGTGCTTTTGGATACGAGTTCCATCCAACCCGATAGAATTCTGC TCATGGACACGTTCTTCCAGATTCTGATATTCCATGGCGAAACCATCGCCCAATGG CG LD011 SEQ ID NO: 37 SEQ ID NO: 38 SEQ ID NO: 13 CCCACTTTCA GTGGAAGCAG GTGGAAGCAGGGCTGGCATGGCGACAAATTCTAGATTGGGATCACCAATAAGCTT AGTGYGTRYT GGCWGGCAT CCTAGCTAGCCATAGGAAAGGCTTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTAGATTTGGCAGAGATA RGTCGG KGCRAC TCATAGTACTGCAAATTCTTCTTCCTATGAAAGACAATACTTTTCGCTTTTACTTTT CTGTCTTTGATGTCAACCTTGTTCCCGCAAAGTACTATCGGGATATTTTTCACAGAC TCTGACAAGATCTCTGTGCCAATTTGGTACATTCTTGTATGTAACTCTGGAAGTTA CATCAAACATGATAATAGCACACTGTCCCTGAATGTAATATCCATCACGGAGACC ACCAAACTTCTCCTGACCGGCAGTGTCCCATACATTGAACCGAATAGGGCCCCTG TTTGTATGGAAGACCAGAGGATGGACTTCAACTCCCAAAGTAGCTACATATCTTTT TTCAAATTCACCAGTCATATGACGTTTCACAAATGTCGTTTTTCCAGTACCTCCAT CTCCGACCAACACACACTTGAAAGTGGG LD014 SEQ ID NO: 39 SEQ ID NO: 40 SEQ ID NO: 15 CGCAGATCAA CGGATCTCGG CGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGAGGCAAACGAAAAGGCAG RCAYATGATG GCASMARYTGC AAGAAATCGATGCCAAGGCCGAGGAAGAATTTAATATTGAAAAGGGGCGCCTTG GC TTCAGCAACAACGTCTCAAGATTATGGAATATTATGAGAAGAAAGAGAAACAGG TCGAACTCCAGAAAAAAATCCAATCGTCTAACATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAA AGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAA CGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGACCAGGGAAAATATTCCCAAATCCTGGAAAGCC TCATTTTGCAGGGATTATATCAGCTTTTTGAGAAAGATGTTACCATTCGAGTTCGG CCCCAGGACCGAGAACTGGTCAAATCCATCATTCCCACCGTCACGAACAAGTATA AAGATGCCACCGGTAAGGACATCCATCTGAAAATTGATGACGAAATCCATCTGTC CCAAGAAACCACCGGGGGAATCGACCTGCTGGCGCAGAAAAACAAAATCAAGAT CAGCAATACTATGGAGGCTCGTCTGGAGCTGATTTCGCAGCAACTTCTGCCCGAG ATCCG LD014_F1 SEQ ID NO: 159 TCTAGAATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACG TTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGCCCG GG LD014_F2 SEQ ID NO: 160 TCTAGAAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCA GGTCACAAACGCCCGGG LD014_C1 SEQ ID NO: 161 TCTAGAATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACG TTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGATGT TGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGT ACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGATGTTGAATCAGG CTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGA GGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGCCCGGG LD014_C2 SEQ ID NO: 162 TCTAGAAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCA GGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTT GGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAA CGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGC GTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGA GGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGCCCGGG LD015 SEQ ID NO: 41 SEQ ID NO: 42 SEQ ID NO: 17 CGCCATCCRT GCAATGGCAT GCAATGGCATCAAGTTCATCGATGAAGATGATCGCCGGAGAGTTTTTGTCAGCTT CGCTSTTCAA CAAKYTCRTC CTTCAAAAGCTTTGCGCAAGTTACTCTCAGACTCGCCAGCGAGTTTGCTCATGATC GGC RATG TCCGGCCCGTTTATCAAGAAGAAGAACGCCCCAGTCTCATTAGCCACGGCGCGAG CAATCAGGGTCTTACCCGTACCAGGGGGACCATACAGCAGTATACCCCTAGGGGG CTTCACGCCGATAGCCTTGAAGAGCGATGGATGGCG LD016 SEQ ID NO: 43 SEQ ID NO: 44 SEQ ID NO: 19 GACTGTGTCT GGAATAGGAT GGAATAGGATGGGTAATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGTCAATATAGGAATCTGGGTGA GGTGTRAACG GGGTRATRTC TGGATCCGTTACGTCCTTCAACACGGCCGGCACGTTCATAGATGGTAGCTAAATC GWCC GTCG GGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGACGACCAGGCACCTCTTCTCTGGCAGCA GATACCTCACGCAAAGCTTCTGCATACGAAGACATATCTGTCAAGATGACCAAGA CGTGCTTCTCACATTGGTAAGCCAAGAATTCGGCAGCTGTCAAAGCCAGACGAGG TGTAATAATTCTTTCAATGGTAGGATCGTTGGCCAAATTCAAGAACAGGCAGACA TTCTCCATAGAACCGTTCTCTTCGAAATCCTGTTTGAAGAACCTAGCTGTTTCCAT GTTAACACCCATAGCAGCGAAAACAATAGCAAAGTTATCTTCATGATCATCAAGT ACAGATTTACCAGGAATCTTGACTAAACCAGCCTGTCTACAGATCTGGGCAGCAA TTTCATTGTGAGGCAGACCAGCTGCAGAGAAAATGGGGATCTTCTGACCACGAGC AATGGAGTTCATCACGTCAATAGCTGTAATACCCGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGAT AGATACGGGACCACGGATTGATTGGTTGACCCTGGATGTCCAAGAAGTCTTCAGC CAAAATTGGGGGACCTTTGTCGATGGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAAACACGTCCCA ACATATCTTCAGAAACAGGAGTCCTCAAAATATCTCCTGTGAATTCACAAGCGGT GTTTTTGGCGTCGATTCCTGATGTGCCCTCGAACACTTGAACCACAGCTTTTGACC CACTGACTTCCAGAACTTGTCCCGAACGTATAGTGCCATCAGCCAGTTTGAGTTGT ACGATTTCATTGTACTTGGGGAACTTAACATCTTCGAGGATTACCAGAGGACCGTT CACACCAGACACAGTC LD018 SEQ ID NO: 45 SEQ ID NO: 46 SEQ ID NO: 21 CACCTGGTTC GTGCATCGGT CACCTGGTTCAAGGATGGGCAGCGGATAACGGAGTCGCAGAAATACGAGAGCAC AAGRATGGVC ACCAHSCHGC CTTCTCGAACAACCAAGCCTCCTTGAGGGTAAAACAAGCCCAGTCTGAGGACTCG ARMG RTC GGACACTACACTTTGTTGGCGGAGAACCCTCAAGGCTGCATAGTGTCATCTGCTT ACTTAGCCATAGAACCGGTAACCACCCAGGAAGGGTTGATCCACGAGTCCACCTT CAAGCAGCAACAGACCGAAATGGAGCAAATCGACACCAGCAAGACCTTGGCGCC TAACTTCGTCAGGGTTTGCGGGGATAGAGACGTGACCGAGGGCAAGATGACCCGC TTCGACTGTCGCGTCACTGGTCGTCCTTATCCAGACGTGACATGGTACATAAACGG TCGACAAGTCACCGACGACCACAACCACAAGATTTTGGTTAACGAATCCGGAAAC CATGCCCTGATGATCACCACCGTGAGCAGGAACGACTCAGGAGTAGTGACCTGCG TCGCCAGGAACAAGACGGGAGAAACCTCCTTCCAGTGCAACCTTAACGTCATCGA AAAGGAACAGGTAGTCGCGCCCAAGTTCGTGGAGAGATTTACCACAGTCAACGTG GCAGAAGGAGAACCAGTGTCTCTGCGCGCTAGAGCTGTTGGCACGCCGGTGCCGC GAATCACTTGGCAGAGGGACGGGGCGCCCCTAGCCAGCGGGCCCGACGTTCGCAT CGCGATTGACGGTGGAGCCTCTACTTTGAATATCTCGAGGGCCAAGGCCTCGGAT GCTGCATGGTACCGATGCAC LD027 SEQ ID NO: 47 SEQ ID NO: 48 SEQ ID NO: 23 CCATGGTGGC GGTATAGATG CCATGGTGGCGATAAACCATACTTGATATCGGGAGCAGACGATCGGTTGGTTAAA GAYAARCCVT AARCARTCDC ATCTGGGACTATCAAAACAAAACGTGTGTCCAAACCTTGGAAGGACACGCCCAAA AC CVACCCA ACGTAACCGCGGTTTGTTTCCACCCTGAACTACCTGTGGCTCTCACAGGCAGCGA AGATGGTACCGTTAGAGTTTGGCATACGAATACACACAGATTAGAGAATTGTTTG AATTATGGGTTCGAGAGAGTGTGGACCATTTGTTGCTTGAAGGGTTCGAATAATG TTTCTCTGGGGTATGACGAGGGCAGTATATTAGTGAAAGTTGGAAGAGAAGAACC GGCAGTTAGTATGGATGCCAGTGGCGGTAAAATAATTTGGGCAAGGCACTCGGAA TTACAACAAGCTAATTTGAAGGCGCTGCCAGAAGGTGGAGAAATAAGAGATGGG GAGCGTTTACCTGTCTCTGTAAAAGATATGGGAGCATGTGAAATATACCCTCAAA CAATCCAACATAATCCGAATGGAAGATTCGTTGTAGTATGCGGAGACGGCGAATA TATCATTTACACAGCGATGGCTCTACGGAACAAGGCTTTTGGAAGCGCTCAAGAG TTTGTCTGGGCTCAGGACTCCAGCGAGTATGCCATTCGCGAGTCTGGTTCCACAAT TCGGATATTCAAAAACTTCAAAGAAAGGAAGAACTTCAAGTCGGATTTCAGCGCG GAAGGAATCTACGGGGGTTTTCTCTTGGGGATTAAATCGGTGTCCGGTTTAACGTT TTACGATTGGGAAACTTTGGACTTGGTGAGACGGATTGAAATACAACCGAGGGCG GTTTATTGGTCTGACAGTGGAAAATTAGTCTGTCTCGCAACGGAGGACAGCTACT TCATCCTTTCTTATGATTCGGAGCAAGTTCAGAAGGCCAGGGAGAACAATCAAGT CGCAGAGGATGGCGTAGAGGCCGCTTTCGATGTGTTGGGGGAAATGAACGAGTCT GTCCGAACAGGTCTTTGGGTCGGAGACTGTTTCATCTATACC

TABLE 2-PC Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ PC001 SEQ ID NO: 261 SEQ ID NO: 262 SEQ ID NO: 247 CATTTGAAGC CTTCGTGCCC CATTTGAAGCGTTTAGCTGCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTC GTTTWRMYG TTGCCRATKA TTCGCCCCTCGTCCATCCACCGGGCCTCACAAGTTGCGCGAATCCCTGCCTTTAGTGA CYCC TRAABACG TTTTCCTTCGTAACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCCTTACAAACAGTGAAGTCACTAAAATTGT CATGCAAAGGTTGATCAAAGTTGATGGTAAAGTGAGGACTGATTCTAATTACCCTGC TGGTTTCATGGATGTCATTACTATTGAGAAGACTGGTGAATTTTTCCGTCTGATCTAT GATGTTAAAGGAAGATTTGCTGTGCACCGTATTACAGCTGAAGAGGCAAAATACAAG TTGTGTAAAGTAAGGAGAGTCCAAACTGGTCCCAAAGGAATCCCATTTTTGGTAACA CATGATGGCAGAACCATTCGTTACCCTGACCCCAACATCAAAGTGAATGACACAATT CAAATGGAAATTGCTACATCTAAAATTCTTGACTACATCAAATTTGAATCTGGCAACC TCTGCATGATCACGGGGAGG PC003 SEQ ID NO: 263 SEQ ID NO: 264 SEQ ID NO: 249 TCGGTCTTCT CCCTGGTTCT CCCTAGACGTCCCTATGAAAAGGCCCGTCTGGATCAGGAATTGAAAATTATCGGCGC CGAAGACNTA TCTTVRRRTT CTTTGGTTTACGAAACAAACGTGAAGTGTGGAGAGTAAAGTACACTTTGGCTAAAAT YGTKAC CTTCCTC CCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAACTGCTCACCCTAGAAGAAAAAGAGCCTAAAAGATTGTT TGAAGGTAATGCACTTCTACGTCGTTTGGTGCGAATTGGTGTTCTGGATGAGAACAG GATGAAGCTTGATTATGTTTTGGGTCTGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGAAGGCTC CAAACTCAGGTGTTCAAATCTGGTCTGGCAAAGTCAATTCATCATGCTAGAGTACTG ATTAGGCAGAGACACATCCGGGTGCGCAAGCAGGTGGTGAACATCCCCTCGTTCATC GTGCGGCTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGGGGGT GGCCGACCTGGCCGTGTCAA PC005 SEQ ID NO: 265 SEQ ID NO: 266 SEQ ID NO: 251 TGCGATGCGG TCCTGCTTCT TGCGATGCGGCAAAAAGAAGGTGTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAACGAAATCGCC CAARAARAAG TSGYRGCRAT AACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACATCCGTAAGCTCATCAAGGATGGTCTTATCATCAAG GTBTGG WCGYTC AAGCCAGTGGCAGTACACTCTAGGGCCCGTGTACGCAAGAACACTGAAGCCAGAAG GAAGGGAAGGCATTGTGGATTTGGAAAGAGGAAGGGTACGGCAAATGCCCGTATGC CTCAAAAGGAACTGTGGGTGCAGCGCATGCGCGTCCTCAGGCGGCTCCTCAAAAAGT ACAGGGAGGCCAAGAAAATCGACCGCCATCTTTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAAGCGA AGGGTAACGTGTTCAGGAACAAGAGGGTCCTTATGGAGTACATCCACAAGAAGAAG GCAGAGAAGGCCAGGGCCAAGATGCTGTCTGACCAGGCTAACGCCAGGAGATTGAA GGTGAAGCAGGCCAGGGAACGTAGGGAAGAGCGTATCGCCACCAAGAAGCAGG PC010 SEQ ID NO: 267 SEQ ID NO: 268 SEQ ID NO: 253 CTCTCAAGGA CGCCATTGGG CTCTCAAGGATTCTTTGCAGATGTCGCTCAGCCTATTACCGCCCAACGCGTTGATTGG TTCKYTRCAR CRATGGTYTC ATTGATCACGTTCGGAAAAATGGTGCAAGTCCACGAACTGGGTACCGAAGGCTGCAG ATGTC KCC CAAGTCGTACGTGTTCTGTGGAACGAAAGATCTCACCGCCAAGCAAGTCCAGGAGAT GTTGGGCATTGGAAAAGGGTCACCAAATCCCCAACAACAGCCAGGGCAACCTGGGC GGCCAGGGCAGAATCCCCAAGCTGCCCCTGTACCACCGGGGAGCAGATTCTTGCAGC CCGTGTCAAAATGCGACATGAACTTGACAGATCTGATCGGGGAGTTGCAGAAAGACC CTTGGCCCGTACATCAGGGCAAAAGACCTCTTAGATCCACAGGCGCAGCATTGTCCA TCGCTGTCGGCCTCTTAGAATGCACCTATCCGAATACGGGTGGCAGAATCATGATATT CTTAGGAGGACCATGCTCTCAGGGTCCCGGCCAGGTGTTGAACGACGATTTGAAGCA GCCCATCAGGTCCCATCATGACATACACAAAGACAATGCCAAGTACATGAAGAAGGC TATCAAACATTACGATCACTTGGCAATGCGAGCTGCCACCAACAGCCATTGCATCGA CATTTACTCCTGCGCCCTGGATCAGACGGGACTGATGGAGATGAAGCAGTGCTGCAA TTCCACCGGAGGGCACATGGTCATGGGCGATTCCTTCAATTCCTCTCTATTCAAACAA ACCTTCCAGCGAGTGTTCTCAAAAGACCCGAAGAACGACCTCAAGATGGCGTTCAAC GCCACCTTGGAGGTGAAGTGTTCCAGGGAGTTAAAAGTCCAAGGGGGCATCGGCTCG TGCGTGTCCTTGAACGTTAAAAGCCCTCTGGTTTCCGATACGGAACTAGGCATGGGG AATACTGTGCAGTGGAAACTTTGCACGTTGGCGCCGAGCTCTACTGTGGCGCTGTTCT TCGAGGTGGTTAACCAGCATTCGGCGCCCATACCACAGGGAGGCAGGGGCTGCATCC AGCTCATCACCCAGTATCAGCACGCGAGCGGGCAAAGGAGGATCAGAGTGACCACG ATTGCTAGAAATTGGGCGGACGCTACTGCCAACATCCACCACATTAGCGCTGGCTTC GACCAAGAAGCGGCGGCAGTTGTGATGGCCCGAATGGCCGGTTACAAGGCGGAATC GGACGAGACTCCCGACGTGCTCAGATGGGTGGACAGGATGTTGATCAGGCTGTGCCA GAAGTTCGGAGAGTACAATAAAGACGATCCGAATTCGTTCAGGTTGGGGGAGAACTT CAGTCTGTATCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTGAGACGGTCGCAGTTTCTGCAGGTGTTC AATAATTCTCCTGATGAAACGTCGTTTTATAGGCACATGCTGATGCGTGAGGATTTGA CTCAGTCTTTGATCATGATCCAGCCGATTTTGTACAGTTACAGCTTCAACGGGCCGCC CGAGCCTGTGTTGTTGGACACAAGCTCTATTCAGCCGGATAGAATCCTGCTCATGGAC ACTTTCTTCCAGATACTCATTTTCCATGGAGAGACCATTGCCCAATGGCG PC014 SEQ ID NO: 269 SEQ ID NO: 270 SEQ ID NO: 255 CGCAGATCAA CGGATCTCGG CTGATGTTCAAAAACAAATCAAACACATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGAAGCCAATG RCAYATGATG GCASMARYT AGAAAGCAGAAGAAATTGATGCCAAGGCAGAGGAGGAATTCAACATTGAAAAAGGG GC GC CGTTTGGTCCAGCAACAGAGACTCAAGATCATGGAGTACTACGAGAAAAAGGAGAA GCAAGTCGAACTTCAAAAGAAAATTCAGTCCTCTAATATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGTTTG AAGGTGCTGAAAGTGAGAGAGGACCATGTCAGAGCAGTCCTGGAGGATGCTCGTAA AAGTCTTGGTGAAGTAACCAAAGACCAAGGAAAATACTCCCAAATTTTGGAGAGCCT AATCCTACAAGGACTGTTCCAGCTGTTCGAGAAGGAGGTGACGGTCCGCGTGAGACC GCAAGACAGGGACCTGGTCAGGTCCATCCTGCCCAACGTCGCTGCCAAATACAAGGA CGCCACCGGCAAAGACATCCTACTCAAGGTGGACGATGAGTCGCACCTGTCTCAGGA GATCACCGGAGGCGTCGATTTGCTCGCTCAGAAGAACAAGATCAAGATCAGCAACAC GATGGAGGCTAGGTTGGATCTGATCGCTCA PC016 SEQ ID NO: 271 SEQ ID NO: 272 SEQ ID NO: 257 GACTGTGTCT GGAATAGGA GGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGTCAAGATGGGGATCTGCGTGATG GGTGTRAACG TGGGTRATRT GAGCCGTTGCGGCCCTCCACACGACCGGCGCGCTCGTAAATGGTGGCCAGATCGGTG GWCC CGTCG TACATGTAACCGGGGAAACCCCTACGGCCGGGCACTTCTTCTCGAGCGGCAGACACC TCACGCAACGCCTCCGCGTACGACGACATGTCGGTCAAGATGACCAGCACGTGCTTC TCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAATTCGGCGGCCGTCAGAGCCAAACGCGGCGTGATGATG CGCTCGATGGTCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAGACACACGTTCTCCATCGAG CCGTTCTCTTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACCTGGCAGTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAG CAGCAAACACAATAGCAAAGTTGTCTTCATGGTCATCCAGCACAGACTTGCCAGGTA CTTTGACCAAGCCAGCCTGCCTACAAATCTGGGCTGCAATCTCATTGTGGGGCAGCCC AGCGGCGGAGAAGATCGGAATCTTCTGCCCTCTGGCGATAGAGTTCATCACGTCGAT GGCCGTGATCCCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATAAATACGCGACCACGGGTTGAT CGGCTGTCCTTGGATGTCGAGGTAGTCCTCAGCCAGGATCGGGGGACCTTTATCAAT GGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAGACACGTCCCAGCATATCTTCTGATACTGGAGTTCTT AGAATATCTCCAGTGAACTCACACACCGTGTTCTTAGCATCAATACCTGATGTGCCTT CAAATACCTGAACAACTGCCTTTGATCCACTGACTTCCAAAACTTGTCCAGATCGTAG AGTTCCATCTGCCAATTTGAGCTGGACAATTTCATTGAATTTTGGAAACTTGACATCC TCAAGAATGACCAGTGGTCCGTTCACACCAGACACAGTC PC027 SEQ ID NO: 273 SEQ ID NO: 274 SEQ ID NO: 259 GGGCCAAGCA TGTGCCACCC GGGCCAAGCACAGTGAAATACAGCAAGCTAACTTGAAAGCACTACCAGAAGGAGCT CWSYGAAATR TAGTRCGRTG GAAATCAGAGATGGAGAACGTTTGCCAGTCACAGTAAAGGACATGGGAGCATGCGA CAG YTC GATTTACCCACAAACAATCCAACACAACCCCAATGGGCGGTTTGTAGTGGTTTGTGG TGATGGAGAATACATAATATACACGGCTATGGCCCTTCGTAACAAAGCATTTGGTAG CGCTCAAGAATTTGTATGGGCACAGGACTCCAGTGAATATGCCATCCGCGAATCCGG ATCCACCATTCGAATCTTCAAGAATTTCAAAGAAAAAAAGAATTTCAAGTCCGACTT TGGTGCCGAAGGAATCTATGGTGGTTTTCTCTTGGGTGTGAAATCAGTGTCTGGCTTA GCTTTCTATGACTGGGAAACGCTTGAGTTAGTAAGGCGCATTGAAATACAGCCTAGA GCTATCTACTGGTCAGATAGTGGCAAGTTGGTATGCCTTGCTACCGAAGATAGCTATT TCATATTGTCCTATGACTCTGACCAAGTCCAGAAAGCTAGAGATAACAACCAAGTTG CCGAAGATGGAGTGGAGGCTGCCTTTGATGTCCTAGGTGAAATAAATGAATCCGTAA GAACAGGTCTTTGGGTAGGAGACTGCTTCATTTACACAAACGCAGTCAACCGTATCA ACTACTTTGTGGGTGGTGAATTGGTAACTATTGCACATCTGGACCGTCCTCTATATGT CCTGGGCTATGTACCTAGAGATGACAGGTTATACTTGGTTGATAAAGAGTTAGGAGT AGTCAGCTATCAATTGCTATTATCTGTACTCGAATATCAGACTGCAGTCATGCGACGA GACTTCCCAACGGCTGATCGAGTATTGCCTTCAATTCCAAAAGAACATCGCACTAGG GTGGCACA

TABLE 2-EV Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ EV005 SEQ ID NO: 523 SEQ ID NO: 524 SEQ ID NO: 513 TGCGATGCGG TCCTGCTTCT TGCGATGCGGCAAGAAGAAGGTTTGGCTGGATCCTAATGAAATAACTGAAATTG CAARAARAAG TSGYRGCRAT CTAATACAAACTCTAGACAAAACATCCGCAAACTGATTAAAGATGGTCTTATTA GTBTGG WCGYTC TTAAAAAGCCTGTCGCGGTGCATTCTCGTGCACGTGTACGCAAAAATACTGAAG CCCGCAGGAAAGGTCGTCATTGTGGATTTGGTAAAAGGAAAGGAACTGCAAAT GCTAGGATGCCCAGAAAGGAATTATGGATTCAACGTATGAGAGTTCTCAGAAGG TTATTGAAGAAATATAGGGAAGCTAAGAAAATTGATAGGCATTTATACCATGCT TTATATATGAAAGCTAAGGGAAATGTATTCAAGAATAAGAGAGTAATGATGGAC TATATCCATAAAAAGAAGGCGGAGAAAGCACGTACAAAGATGCTCAATGATCA AGCTGATGCAAGGAGGCTGAAAGTCAAAGAGGCACGTAAGCGACGTGAAGAGC GTATCGCTACGAAGAAGCAGGA EV009 SEQ ID NO: 525 SEQ ID NO: 526 SEQ ID NO: 515 GGGCCGTGGT GCAGCCCACG CCAACTCTCGATCCAAGCATTCCAAAATACAGGACTGAAGAATCTATAATAGGA CAGAAYATY CYYTGCACTC ACAAACCCAGGAATGGGTTTTAGGCCAATGCCCGACAACAACGAAGAAAGTAC WAYAAC CCTGATTTGGTTACAGGGTTCTAATAAAACAAACTACGAAAAATGGAAAATGAA TCTCCTCTCATATTTAGACAAGTATTACACTCCCGGAAAAATAGAAAAGGGAAA TATTCCAGTAAAGCGCTGTTCATACGGAGAAAAATTGATTAGGGGACAAGTATG TGATGTAGATGTGAGGAAATGGGAGCCGTGCACCCCGGAAAATCATTTTGATTA CCTCAGAAATGCGCCTTGTATATTTCTGAAGCTGAACAGGATATATGGATGGGA ACCGGAGTACTACAACGATCCAAATGATCTTCCAGATGATATGCCGCAGCAGTT GAAGGACCATATACGTTATAATATCACCAATCCAGTGGAGAGAAATACCGTCTG GGTAACATGCGCAGGTGAAAATCCGGCAGACGTGGAGTACTTGGGCCCTGTGAA GTATTACCCATCTTTCCAGGGATTCCCCGGTTACTATTTTCCATATTTGAATTCTG AAGGGTACCTAAGTCCATTATTGGCGGTACAATTCAAGAGACCGGTGTCTGGTA TTGTTATAAATATCGAGTGCAAAGCGTGGGCTGC EV010 SEQ ID NO: 527 SEQ ID NO: 528 SEQ ID NO: 517 CGGCTGACGT CGGCGTATTC CTGGCGGCCACATGGTCATGGGTGATTCATTTAACTCTTCACTTTTCAAACAAAC GGAAYGTKTG TCCRAAYTTC ATTTCAACGAGTATTTTCGAAAGATTCCAATGGAGACTTGAAGATGTCCTTCAAC GCC TGGC GCCATATTAGAAGTGAAGTGTTCTAGAGAACTTAAAGTACAAGGAGGTATAGGT CCTTGTGTCTCTCTAAATGTCAAAAATCCTCTTGTTTCTGATTTAGAAATAGGCA TGGGTAACACAGTTCAGTGGAAACTGTGTAGCTTAAGTCCAAGCACTACGGTTG CCTTATTTTTCGAAGTTGTTAATCAGCATGCAGCACCCATTCCTCAAGGGGGACG TGGATGCATTCAGTTTATTACTCAATATCAGCATTCAAGTGGTCAGAAAAAAAT AAGGGTAACTACAATAGCAAGAAATTGGGCGGATGCCACTGCAAATATTCACCA TATTAGCGCTGGCTTTGACGAACAAACTGCGGCTGTTTTAATGGCGAGGATCGC TGTATATAGAGCAGAAACTGATGAGAGTTCAGATGTTCTCAGATGGGTTGACAG AATGTTGATACGATTGTGTCAGAAATTTGGAGAATATAACAAAGATGACACCAA CAGCTTCAGGCTCAGTGAAAACTTCAGCTTATATCCACAGTTTATGTATCATCTA CGTCGTTCCCAATTTCTACAAGTGTTCAATAATTCACCAGATGAAACTTCATTCT ATAGGCACATGTTGATGAGGGAAGATCGCAATCAG EV015 SEQ ID NO: 529 SEQ ID NO: 530 SEQ ID NO: 519 CGCTGTCGCA CGATCAAAGC CGCCATCCGTCGCTGTTCAAGGCGATCGGCGTTAAGCCTCCAAGGGGTATTCTCC RGCRAARATGG GWCCRAAVC TTTACGGGCCTCCCGGCACGGGGAAAACGCTGATCGCCAGGGCCGTTGCCAACG GACG AAACTGGTGCGTTCTTCTTCCTCATCAATGGGCCCGAGATTATGAGCAAGCTGGC CGGAGAATCCGAGAGCAATCTTAGAAAGGCTTTTGAAGAGGCTGATAAAAACTC TCCTGCAATCATCTTTATCGACGAATTAGACGCAATCGCTCCCAAGCGCGAGAA GACTCATGGTGAGGTAGAGAGACGCATCGTCTCCCAACTGTTGACTTTGATGGA CGGCATGAAGAAAAGTTCCCATGTGATCGTGATGGCGGCCACGAACAGGCCCA ATTCCATCGACCCTGCACTCAGACGTTTCGGCCGATTCGACAGAGAGATCGACA TCGGTATCCCCGACGCTACTGGAAGATTAGAAGTACTCAGAATACACACCAAAA ACATGAAATTGGCTGACGATGTAGATTTGGAACAGATTGCCGCAGAGACTCACG GTCATGTAGGTGCTGACTTGGCTTCTTTGTGCTCAGAGGCTGCCTTGCAACAAAT TAGAGAAAAAATGGACCTCATCGACTTAGATGATGAGCAGATCGATGCCGAAGT CCTAAATTCTCTGGCAGTTACCATGGAGAACTTCCGTTACGCCATGTCTAAGAGC AGTCCGAGCGCTTTGCGCGAAACCGTCGT EV016 SEQ ID NO: 531 SEQ ID NO: 532 SEQ ID NO: 521 GTTCACCGGC CGGCATAGTC GACTGTGTCTGGTGTGAACGGACCGTTGGTGATCCTTGATAGTGTTAAGTTTCCA GAYATYCTGCG AGAATSGGRA AAATTTAACGAAATTGTACAGCTCAAGTTATCAGATGGAACAGTTAGGTCTGGA TCTG CAAGTTTTGGAAGTCAGTGGACAGAAGGCGGTTGTCCAAGTTTTTGAAGGCACC TCCGGAATTGATGCTAAAAACACTTTATGTGAATTTACAGGAGATATCTTAAGA ACTCCAGTGTCTGAAGATATGTTGGGTCGTGTGTTTAATGGATCTGGAAAGCCTA TCGATAAAGGGCCGCCAATCTTAGCTGAAGATTTTCTTGACATTCAAGGTCAAC CTATAAATCCTTGGTCTCGTATCTATCCAGAAGAAATGATCCAGACTGGTATTTC TGCGATTGATGTGATGAATTCCATTGCCAGAGGACAAAAGATTCCAATTTTCTCT GCAGCTGGTTTACCCCACAATGAAATCGCTGCTCAAATCTGTAGACAAGCTGGT CTTGTCAAAATCCCAGGGAAATCTGTCTTAGATGATCATGAAGACAACTTTGCT ATCGTTTTCGCCGCTATGGGTGTCAATATGGAAACAGCCAGATTCTTCAAGCAA GATTTTGAAGAGAATGGCTCTATGGAAAATGTGTGCCTATTTTTGAACTTGGCCA ATGATCCTACCATTGAAAGAATTATAACACCCCGTTTGACTTTAACAGCGGCTG AATTTATGGCATATCAATGTGAGAAGCATGTGTTAGTCATATTGACTGACATGTC ATCTTATGCTGAGGCTTTGCGTGAGGTATCTGCTGCT

TABLE 2-AG Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ AG001 SEQ ID NO: 611 SEQ ID NO: 612 SEQ ID NO: 601 CATTTGAAGC CGCTTGTCCC CATTTGAAGCGTTTTGCTGCCCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTG GTTTWRMYGC GCTCCTCNGC TTCGCCCCCAGGCCCTCCACCGGGCCACACAAGCTCAGGGAGTCCCTTCCATTAGTG YCC RAT ATTTTCTTGCGTAACAGGTTGAAGTACGCCCTGACAAACTGTGAGGTGACCAAGATC GTTATGCAGAGACTTATTAAGGTCGACGGCAAAGTCAGGACTGATCCTAACTATCCT GCTGGATTCATGGATGTGATCACCATTGAAAAAACTGGTGAATTCTTCCGTTTGATCT ATGATGTTAAGGGAAGATTCACTATTCACAGGATCACTGCTGAAGAAGCAAAATACA AATTGTGCAAAGTCCGCAAGGTGCAAACCGGACCAAAAGGTATTCCATTCTTGGTCA CCCACGATGGTAGGACCATTAGGTACCCTGACCCAATGATCAAGGTAAACGACACCA TCCAACTGGAAATCGCCACCTCAAAGATCCTGGACTTTATCAAATTCGAATCCGGCA ACTTGTGCATGATCACCGGAGGCAGGAATTTGGGTAGAGTGGGAACGGTAGTGAAC AGGGAAAGGCATCCGGGATCATTCGATATTGTCCACATTAGGGACGCTAATGATCAC GTGTTCGCCACTAGATTAAACAACGTATTCGTCATCGGTAAAGGAAGCAAAGCTTTC GTGTCTCTGCCAAGGGGCAAGGGAGTGAAACTGTCCATCGCTG AG005 SEQ ID NO: 613 SEQ ID NO: 614 SEQ ID NO: 603 GGTCTGGTTG TCCTGCTTCT GGTCTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGAGATTGCCAACACCAACTCGAGGCAAAA GATCCHAATG TSGYRGCRAT CATCCGTAAATTGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCATTAAGAAACCGGTGGCAGTGCACTC AAATCAAYGA WCGYTC TAGGGCTCGTGTCCGTAAAAACACAGAAGCTCGCAGGAAGGGAAGGCACTGCGGTT TCGGTAAGAGGAAAGGTACAGCGAACGCTCGTATGCCTCAAAAGGAACTATGGATC CAAAGGATGCGTGTCTTGAGGCGTCTCCTGAAAAAATACAGGGAAGCCAAAAAGAT CGACAGGCATCTGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGCCAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAA CAAGAGAGTGTTGATGGAATACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGCCCGTGCCA AGATGTTGGCCGACCAAGCTAACGCCAGAAGGCAAAAGGTGAAACAAGTCCCGTGA GAGGAGGGAAGAGCGTATCGCCGCGAAGAAGCAGGA AG010 SEQ ID NO: 615 SEQ ID NO: 616 SEQ ID NO: 605 CTGGCGGCCA CGCCATTGGG CTGGCGGCCACATGCTTATGGGAGACTCTTTCAATTCGTCGTTGTTCAAACAAACTTT CATGSTBATGG CRATGGTYTC CCAAAGGGTGTTCGCGAAGGACCAGAATGGACATTTGAAGATGGCTTTCAACGGTAC KCC TTTGGAGGTGAAGTGCTCTAGGGAATTAAAAGTTCAAGGCGGTATTGGCTCATGCGT GTCGCTAAATGTAAAAAGTCCTTTGGTAGCGGACACGGAAATAGGCATGGGAAACA CCGTGCAATGGAAGATGTGCACCTTCAACCCTAGCACGACGATGGCGCTGTTTTTCG AGGTGGTCAATCAGCATTCGGCCCCCATTCCTCAAGGTGGTAGAGGATGTATACAGT TTATTACACAATATCAGCACTCGAGTGGCCAAAGGAGGATAAGGGTGACGACGATA GCGAGAAATTGGGCGGACGCATCGGCGAATATTCACCACATCAGCGCGGGTTTCGAT CAGGAACGTGCCGCGGTGATTATGGCCCGGATGGCTGTTTATAGAGCGGAGACCGAT GAGAGTCCCGATGTTTTAAGATGGGTCGATCGGATGCTGATTCGTTTGTGTCAAAAG TTTGGAGAATATAACAAAGATGACCAGGCATCCTTCAGATTAGGAGAAAATTTTAGC TTATACCCGCAATTCATGTACCACTTAAGGCGATCCCAGTTTTTGCAAGTGTTCAACA ATTCACCTGACGAAACGTCGTTTTACAGGCATATGCTTATGAGGGAAGATTTGACAC AGTCCCTGATAATGATTCAGCCGATCTTGTACAGTTACAGTTTTAATGGTCCTCCGGA GCCCGTTTTGTTGGACACCAGCTCAATACAACCGGACAGAATTCTGCTTATGGACAC GTTTTTCCAGATATTGATTTTCCATGGAGAAACCATTGCCCAATGGCG AG014 SEQ ID NO: 617 SEQ ID NO: 618 SEQ ID NO: 607 CGCAGATCAA GAACTTGCGG CGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATTGAGCAAGAGGCTAATGAAAAGGCCGAG RCAYATGATG TTGABGTTSC GAAATTGATGCCAAGGCGGAAGAAGAATTTAACATTGAAAAGGGCCGCCTTGTGCA GC GDCC ACAACAAAGATTGAAGATCATGGAATACTATGAGAAGAAGGAGAAGCAAGTCGAAC TACAAAAGAAAATTCAATCCTCCAACATGCTGAACCAAGCCCGTCTTAAGGTTCTGA AAGTCCGCGAAGATCATGTTAGAGCTGTATTGGATGAGGCTCGCAAGAAGCTTGGTG AAGTCACCAGGGATCAAGGCAAATATGCCCAGATTCTGGAATCTTTGATCCTTCAGG GACTCTACCAGCTTTTCGAGGCAAACGTGACCGTACGCGTCCGCCCACAAGACAGAA CCTTAGTCCAATCAGTGCTGCCAACCATCGCAACCAAATACCGTGACGTCACCGGCC GAGATGTACACCTGTCCATCGATGACGAAACTCAACTGTCCGAATCCGTAACCGGCG GAATCGAACTTTTGTGCAAACAAAACAAAATTAAGGTCTGCAACACCCTGGAGGCAC GTTTGGACCTGATTTCGCAACAGTTGGTTCCGCAAATCCGTAACGCCTTGTTCGGACG CAACATCAACCGCAAGTTC AG016 SEQ ID NO: 619 SEQ ID NO: 620 SEQ ID NO: 609 GTGTCGGAGG GGAATAGGA GTGTCGGAGGATATGTTGGGCCGAGTGTTCAACGGATCAGGAAAACCCATTGACAAA ATATGYTGGG TGGGTRATRT GGTCCTCCAATCTTAGCCGAAGATTTCTTGGACATCCAAGGTCAACCCATCAACCCAT YCG CGTCG GGTCGCGTATCTACCCGGAAGAAATGATCCAGACCGGTATCTCCGCCATCGACGTGA TGAACTCCATCGCGCGTGGGCAAAAAATCCCCATTTTCTCCGCGGCCGGTTTACCGC ACAACGAAATCGCCGCCCAAATCTGTAGACAGGCCGGTTTAGTCAAACTGCCGGGCA AATCGGTAATCGACGATCACGAGGACAATTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGCCATGGGTG TCAACATGGAAACCGCCCGTTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAAGAAAACGGTTCCATGG AGAACGTGTGTCTCTTCTTGAATTTGGCCAACGATCCCACCATCGAGAGAATCATCA CGCCCCGTTTGGCTCTGACCGCCGCCGAATTTTTGGCTTATCAATGCGAGAAACACGT GCTGGTTATCTTAACTGATATGTCTTCTTACGCCGAGGCTTTGCGTGAAGTATCCGCC GCCAGAGAAGAAGTACCCGGACGTCGTGGGTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTG GCCACCATTTACGAAAGAGCCGGTCGCGTTGAGGGTAGAAACGGTTCCATCACCCAG ATTCCCATCTTGACTATGCCGAACGACGACATCACCCATCCTATTCC

TABLE 2-TC Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ TC001 SEQ ID NO: 803 SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 793 GGCCCCAAGA 804 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTCTCAATGCGCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGATA AGCATTTGAA CGCTTGTCCC AACTGGGGGGTGTGTTTGCCCCTCGGCCTTCCACCGGCCCCCACAAGCTACGGGAG GCG GCTCCTCNGC TCGCTACCTTTGGTTATCTTCCTGCGAAACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCTTGACCAACTC RAT AGAAGTGACGAAGATTGTTATGCAAAGATTGATTAAAGTTGACGGAAAAGTTAGG ACAGACCCCAACTACCCCGCGGGTTTCATGGATGTTGTGACTATTGAGAAAACTGG GGAATTCTTCCGCTTGATTTATGATGTTAAGGGAAGGTTCACAATCCATCGCATTA CTGGAGAAGAGGCCAAATATAAATTGTGCAAAGTGAAGAAAGTACAGACAGGCC CCAAGGGCATTCCCTTCTTGGTGACCCGCGACGGACGCACTATCAGATACCCAGAC CCCATGATCAAAGTGAATGACACCATTCAATTGGAGATTGCCACTTCGAAAATTCT TGATTTTATCAAATTTGAGTCCGGTAATTTGTGTATGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAACTT GGGGCGTGTCGGTACAGTGGTGAGCCGAGAACGTCACCCAGGTTCCTTCGACATC GTTCATATTAAGGATGCAAATGGGCACACC TC002 SEQ ID NO: 805 SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 795 CAGGAGTTCC 806 CAGGAGTTCCTGGAGGCTAAAATCGACCAAGAGATCCTCACAGCGAAGAAAAACG TGGARRMBAA GCAATGTCAT CGTCGAAAAACAAACGAGCGGCCATCCAGGCCATCAAGAGGAAGAAACGCTACG RATMGA CCATCAKRTC AAAAGCAGCTCCAGCAGATCGATGGCACCCTCAGCACCATCGAGATGCAGCGGGA RTGTAC GGCCCTCGAGGGGGCCAACACCAACACAGCCGTACTCAAAACGATGAAAAACGCA GCGGACGCCCTCAAAAATGCCCACCTCAACATGGATGTTGATGAGGTACATGACA TGATGGATGACATTGC TC010 SEQ ID NO: 807 SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 797 GCATTCTGCG 808 AAAATTCGGCGAATACAACAAAGACGACCCTAACAGTTTCCGTTTGAGTGAAAAC CTGGGTCGAT TGCCGGAAGT TTCAGTCTCTATCCCCAATTCATGTACCATTTGCGCCGCTCCCAATTCCTCCAAGTT CG TCTCRTAYTC TTCAACAACTCCCCAGACGAGACCTCGTTCTACCGCCACATGCTGATGCGGGAGGA KGGC CCTCACCCAAAGTCTCATTATGATCCAGCCGATTTTGTACAGTTATAGTTTCAACG GCCCCCCTGAACCCGTCCTCCTCGACACTAGTTCCATTCAACCCGATCGGATCCTTC TCATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATTTTGATTTTCCACGGTGAGACAATCGCCCAATGG AGGAACCTCAAGTACCAGGACATGCCCGAATACGAGAACTTCCGGCA TC014 SEQ ID NO: 809 SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 799 GAGAAAGCCG 810 GAGAAAGCCGAAGAAATCGATGCGAAAGCTGAGGAGGAGTTTAACATTGAAAAA ARGARATYGA GAACTTGCGG GGGCGCCTGGTCCAACAACAGCGCTTGAAGATCATGGAATATTACGAGAAGAAGG TGC TTGABGTTSC AGAAACCGGTGGAATTGCAGAAGAAAATTCAGTCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGC GDCC CCGTTTGAAAGTATTAAAAGTGCGTGAAGACCACGTCCACAATGTGCTGGATGAC GCCCGCAAACGTCTGGGCGAAATCACCAATGACCAGGCGAGATATTCACAACTTT TGGAGTCTCTTATCCTCCAGAGTCTCTACCAGTACTTGGGAATCAGTGATGAGTTG TTTGAGAACAATATAGTGGTGAGAGTCAGGCAACAGGACAGGAGTATAATCCAGG GCATTCTCCCAGTTGTTGCGACGAAATACAGGGACGCCACTGGTAAAGACGTTCAT CTTAAAATCGACGATGAGAGCCACTTGCCATCCGAAACCACCGGAGGAGTGGTTT TGTATGCGCAAAAGGGTAAAATCAAGATTGACAACACCTTGGAGGCTCGTTTGGA TTTAATTGCACAGCAACTTGTGCCAGAAATTCGTACGGCCTTGTTTGGACGCAACA TCAACCGCAAGTTC TC015 SEQ ID NO: 811 SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 801 GGATGAACTA 812 GGATGAACTACAGCTGTTCCGTGGCGATACAGTGTTGCTGAAAGGGAAGCGGCGG CAGCTBTTCC CGATCAAAG AAAGAGACCGTCTGCATTGTGCTGGCCGACGAAAACTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCC GHGG CGWCCRAAV GGATGAACAGGATCGTCAGGAATAATCTACGGGTTAGGCTCTCTGACGTCGTCTGG CGACG ATCCAGCCCTGTCCCGACGTCAAATACGGGAAGAGGATCCACGTTTTGCCCATCGA TGACACGGTCGAAGGGCTCGTCGGAAATCTCTTCGAGGTGTACTTAAAACCATACT TCCTCGAAGCTTATCGACCAATCCACAAAGGCGACGTTTTCATCGTCCGTGGTGGC ATGCGAGGCGTTGAATTCAAAGTGGTGGAAACGGAACCGTCACCATATTGTATCGT CGCCCCCGATACCGTCATCCATTGTGACGGCGATCCGATCAAACGAGAAGAAGAG GAGGAAGCCTTGAACGCCGTCGGCTACGACGATATCGGCGGTTGTCGCAAACAAC TCGCACAAATCAAAGAAATGGTCGAATTACCTCTACGCCACCCGTCGCTCTTCAAG GCCATTGGCGTGAAACCACCACGTGGTATCCTCTTGTACGGACCTCCAGGTACCGG TAAAACTTTAATCGCACGTGCAGTGGCCAACGAAACCGGTGCTTTCTTCTTCTTAA TCAACGGTCCCGAAATTATGAGTAAATTAGCCGGCGAATCCGAAAGTAATCTAAG GAAAGCGTTCGAAGAAGCCGATAAAAACTCACCGGCTATTATTTTCATCGATGAAT TGGACGCGATTGCACCGAAACGTGAAAAAACCCACGGCGAAGTCGAACGCCGAAT TGTCTCGCAATTGTTAACACTGATGGACGGCATGAAGAAAAGCTCGCATGTTATCG TGATGGCGGCCACAAATCGCCCGAACTCAATCGATCCGGCTTTGCGTCGGTTCGGT CGCTTTGATCG

TABLE 2-MP Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ MP001 SEQ ID NO: 898 SEQ ID NO: 899 SEQ ID NO: 888 GGCCCCAAGA CGCTTGTCCC GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA AGCATTTGAA GCTCCTCNGC TCGGGGGGTGTCTTCGCTCCACGTCCAAGCACCGGTCCACACAAACTTCGTGAATCAC GCG RAT TACCGTTATTGATCTTCTTGCGTAATCGTTTGAAGTATGCACTTACTGGTGCCGAAGTC ACCAAGATTGTCATGCAAAGATTAATCAAGGTTGATGGCAAAGTCCGTACCGACCCT AATTATCCAGCCGGTTTTATGGATGTTATATCTATCCAAAAGACCAGTGAGCACTTTA GATTGATCTATGATGTGAAAGGTCGTTTCACCATCCACAGAATTACTCCTGAAGAAGC AAAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAAAGAGGGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGGTGTGCCATT TTTAACTACTCATGATGGCCGTACTATTCGCTACCCTGACCCTAACATCAAGGTTAAT GACACTATTAGATACGATATTGCATCATCTAAAATTTTGGATCATATCCGTTTTGAAA CTGGAAACTTGTGCATGATAACTGGAGGTCGCAATTTAGGGCGTGTTGGTATTGTTAC CAACAGGGAAAGACATCCAGGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAAGGATGCAAATGA ACATATTTTTGCTACCCGGATGAACAATGTTTTTATTATTGGAAAAGGTTCAAAAGAAC TACATTTCTCTACCAAGGAGTAAGGGAGTTAAATTGACTAT MP002 SEQ ID NO: 900 SEQ ID NO: 901 SEQ ID NO: 890 GAGTTTCTTT GCAATGTCAT GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGGCAAAAAGGAAGAGAAGGGACCATCAACCGA AGTAAAGTAT CCATCAKRTC AGATGCGATACAAAAGCTTCGATCCACTGAAGAGATGCTGATAAAGAAACAAGAATT TCGGTGG RTGTAC TTTAGAAAAAAAAATTGAACAAGAAGTAGCGATAGCCAAAAAAAATGGTACAACTA ATAAACGAGCTGCATTGCAAGCATTGAAGCGTAAGAAACGGTACGAACAACAATTAG CCCAAATTGATGGTACCATGTTAACTATTGAACAACAGCGGGAGGCATTAGAAGGTG CCAACACAAATACAGCAGTATTGACTACCATGAAAACTGCAGCAGATGCACTTAAAT CAGCTCATCAAAACATGAATGTAGATGATGTACATGATCTGATGGATGACATTGC MP010 SEQ ID NO: 902 SEQ ID NO: 903 SEQ ID NO: 892 GTGGCTGCAT CGCGGCTGCT GTGGCTGCATACAGTTCATTACGCAGTATCAACATTCCAGTGGCTATAAACGAATTAG ACAGTTCATT CCATGAAYAS AGTCACCACATTAGCTAGGAATTGGGCAGACCCTGTTCAGAATATGATGCATGTTAGT ACGCAG YTG GCTGCATTTGATCAAGAAGCATCTGCCGTTTTAATGGCTCGTATGGTAGTGAACCGTG CTGAAACTGAGGATAGTCCAGATGTGATGCGTTGGGCTGATCGTACGCTTATACGCTT GTGTCAAAAATTTGGTGATTATCAAAAAGATGATCCAAATAGTTTCCGATTGCCAGAA AACTTCAGTTTATATCCACAGTTCATGTATCATTTAAGAAGGTCTCAATTTCTACAAGT TTTTAATAATAGTCCTGATGAAACATCATATTATAGGCACATGTTGATGCGTGAAGAT GTTACCCAAAGTTTAATCATGATACAGCCAATTCTGTATAGCTATAGTTTTAATGGTA GGCCAGAACCTGTACTTTTGGATACCAGTAGTATTCAACCTGATAAAATATTATTGAT GGACACATTTTTCCATATTTTGATATTCCATGGAGAGACTATTGCTCAATGGAGAGCA ATGGATTATCAAAATAGACCAGAGTATAGTAACCTCAAGCAGTTGCTTCAAGCCCCCG TTGATGATGCTCAGGAAATTCTCAAAACTCGATTCCCAATGCCTCGGTATATTGACAC AGAACAAGGTGGTAGTCAGGCAAGATTTTTACTATGCAAAGTAAACCCATCTCAAAC ACATAATAATATGTATGCTTATGGAGGGTGATGGTGGAGCACCAGTTTTGACAGATGA TGTAAGCTTGCAGCTGTTCATGGAGCAGCCGCG MP016 SEQ ID NO: 904 SEQ ID NO: 905 SEQ ID NO: 894 GTGTCGGAGG GGAATAGGA GTGTCGGAGGATATGTTGGGCCGCGTTTTCAATGGCAGTGGAAAGCCGATAGATAAA ATATGYTGGG TGGGTRATRT GGACCTCCTATTTTGGCTGAAGATTATTTGGATATTGAAGGCCAACCTATTAATCCAT YCG CGTCG ACTCCAGAACATATCCTCAAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTATTTCAGCTATTGATATCAT GAACTCTATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAATTCCAATATTTTCAGCTGCAGGTTTACCACAT AATGAGATTGCTGCTCAAATTTGTAGACAAGCTGGTCTCGTTAAAAAACCTGGTAAAT CAGTTCTTGACGATCATGAAGACAATTTTGCTATAGTATTTGCTGCTATGGGTGTTAAT ATGGAAACAGCCAGATTCTTTAAACAAGATTTTGAGGAAAATGGTTCAATGGAGAAT GTTTGTTTGTTCTTGAATTTAGCTAATGATCCTACTATTGAGCGTATCATTACACCACG TCTTGCTTTAACTGCTGCTGAATTTTTAGCTTACCAATGTGAAAAGCATGTCTTAGTTA TTTTAACTGACATGAGTTCATATGCTGAAGCTTTAAGAGAAGTTTCTGCTGCTCGTGA AGAAGTACCTGGGCGTCGTGGTTTCCCTGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTAGCTACAATT TATGAACGTGCTGGGCGTGTAGAAGGAAGAAATGGTTCTATCACACAAATACCTATTT TAACTATGCCTAACGACGACATCACCCATCCTATTCC MP027 SEQ ID NO: 906 SEQ ID NO: 907 SEQ ID NO: 896 CGCCGATTAC GGGATACTGT CGCCGATTACCAAAACAAGACGTGTGTTCAGACATTAGAAGGCCATGCTCAAAATAT CAAAACAARA CACAAYYTCD TTCTGCTCGTTTGTTTCCATCCAGAACTTCCCATCGTGTTAACTGGCTCAGAAGATGGT CBTG CCRCC ACCGTCAGAATTTGGCATTCTGGTACTTATCGATTAGAATCATCATTAAACTATGGGT TAGAACGTGTATGGACAATCTGTTGCTTACGGGGATCTAATAATGTAGCTCTAGGTTA TGATGAAGGAAGTATAATGGTTAAAGTTGGTCGTGAAGAGCCAGCAATGTCAATGGA TGTTCATGGGGGTAAAATTGTTTGGGCACGTCATAGTGAAATTCAACAAGCTAACCTT AAAGCGATGCTTCAAGCAGAAGGAGCCGAAATCAAAGATGGTGAACGTTTACCAATA CAAGTTAAAGACATGGGTAGCTGTGAAATTTATCCACAGTCAATATCTCATAATCCGA ATGGTAGATTTTTAGTAGTATGTGGTGATGGAGAGTATATTATATATACATCAATGGC TTTGCGTAATAAAGCATTTGGCTCCGCTCAGGATTTTGTATGGTCTTCTGATTCTGAGT ATGCCATTAGAGAAAATTCTTCTACAATCAAAGTTTTTAAAAATTTTAAAGAAAAAAA GTCTTTTAAACCAGAAGGTGGAGCAGATGGTATTTTTGGAGGTTATTTGTTAGGTGTG AAATCTGTTACTGGGTTGGCTTTATATGATTGGGAAAATGGTAACTTAGTTCGAAGAA TTGAGACACAACCTAAACATGTATTTTGGTCAGAGTCTGGAGAATTAGTATGTCTTGC CACAGATGAAGCATACTTTATTTTACGTTTTGACGTCAATGTACTTAGTGCTGCAAGA GCATCCAATTATGAAGCTGCTAGTCCTGATGGTCTTGAAGATGCCTTTGAGATTTTAG GAGAAGTTCAAGAAGTTGTAAAAACTGGTCTATGGGTTGGTGATTGCTTTATTTACAC CAATGGAGTAAATCGTATCAACTATTATGTTGGTGGTGAAGTTGTGACAGTATCCC

TABLE 2-NL Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ NL001 SEQ ID NO: 1117 SEQ ID NO: 1118 SEQ ID NO: 1071 GAAATCATGG ACTGAGCTTCACA GAAATCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGTGGTGTGTATGCACCCCGACCCAGCA ATGTTGGACAA CCCTTGCCC CAGGTCCACACAAGCTGCGAGAATCTCTCCCACTTGTCATATTTTTGCGTAATC ATTGG GGCTCAAGTACGCTTTAACTAACTGTGAAGTGAAGAAAATTGTGATGCAGCGT CTCATCAAGGTTGACGGCAAAGTGAGGACTGACCCCAACTATCCTGCAGGTTT TATGGACGTTGTTCAAATCGAAAAGACAAACGAGTTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATG ATGTTAAGGGACGTTTCACCATCCACAGGATCACAGCTGAAGAAGCTAAGTAC AAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAGAGGGTTCAGACAGGACCCAAGGGCATTCCATTTTT GACCACTCACGATGGACGCACCATCAGGTATCCAGACCCCTTGGTAAAAGTCA ATGACACCATCCAATTGGACATTGCCACATCCAAAATCATGGACTTCATCAGA TTCGACTCTGGTAACCTGTGTATGATCACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGTCGTGTG GGCACTGTCGTGAACAGGGAGCGACACCCGGGGTCTTTCGACATCGTGCACAT CAAGGACGTGTTGGGACACACTTTTGCCACTAGGTTGAACAACGTTTTCATCA TCGGCAAGGGTAGTAAAGCATACGTGTCTCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGTGTGAA GCTCAGT NL002 SEQ ID NO: 1119 SEQ ID NO: 1120 SEQ ID NO: 1073 GATGAAAAGG CTGATCCACATCC GATGAAAAGGGCCCTACAACTGGCGAAGCCATTCAGAAACTACGCGAAACAG GCCCTACAACT ATGTGTTGATGAG AGGAAATGCTGATAAAGAAACAAGACTTTTTAGAAAAGAAAATTGAAGTTGA GGC AATTGGAGTTGCCAGGAAGAATGGAACAAAAAACAAAAGAGCCGCGATCCAG GCACTCAAAAGGAAGAAGAGGTATGAAAAGCAATTGCAGCAGATCGATGGAA CGTTATCAACAATTGAGATGCAGAGAGAGGCCCTCGAAGGAGCCAACACGAA TACGGCCGTACTGCAAACTATGAAGAACGCAGCAGATGCTCTCAAAGCGGCTC ATCAACACATGGATGTGGATCAG NL003 SEQ ID NO: 1121 SEQ ID NO: 1122 SEQ ID NO: 1075 TCCGCGTCGTC TTGACGCGACCA TCCGCGTCGTCCTTACGAGAAGGCACGTCTCGAACAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCG CTTACGAGAA GGTCGGCCAC GAGAGTATGGACTCCGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGGAGAGTCAAATACGCCCT GGC GGCCAAGATTCGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTGTTGACTCTGGAAGAGAAGGAC CAGAAACGTTTGTTTGAAGGTAACGCCCTGCTGCGTCGCCTGGTGCGTATTGG AGTGTTGGACGAAGGAAGAATGAAGCTCGATTACGTCTTGGGTTTAAAAATTG AAGATTTCCTTGAACGTCGTCTACAGACTCAGGTGTACAAACTCGGTTTGGCC AAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGTACTCATCAGACAAAGACATATCAGAGTGCG CAAACAAGTAGTGAACATTCCGAGCTTTGTGGTGCGCCTGGACTCGCAGAAGC ACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAAGTCGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCGACCTGGTCGCGTC AA NL004 SEQ ID NO: 1123 SEQ ID NO: 1124 SEQ ID NO: 1077 TGAAGGTGGA GTCGTCTTCTCDG AAGGAGTTGGCTGCTGTAAGAACTGTCTGCTCTCACATCGAAAACATGCTGAA GAARGGTTYG AHACRTAVAGACC GGGAGTCACAAAGGGATTCCTGTACAAGATGCGTGCCGTGTACGCCCATTTCC GMWCMAAG CCATCAACTGTGTGACGACCGAGAACAACTCTGTGATCGAGGTGCGTAACTTC CTGGGCGAGAAGTACATCCGACGGGTGAGGATGGCGCCCGGCGTCACTGTTA CCAACTCGACAAAGCAGAAGGACGAGCTCATCGTCGAAGGAAACAGCATAGA GGACGTGTCAAGATCAGCTGCCCTCATCCAACAGTCAACAACAGTGAAGAAC AAGGATATTCGTAAATTCTTGGAC NL005 SEQ ID NO: 1125 SEQ ID NO: 1126 SEQ ID NO: 1079 GGTCTGGTTGG TCCTGCTTCTTSG TTGGATCCCAATGAAATAAATGAAATCGCAAACACAAATTCACGTCAAAGCAT ATCCHAATGA YRGCRATWCGYTC CAGGAAGCTGATCAAAGACGGTCTTATCATCAAGAAACCGGTTGCAGTACATT AATCAAYGA CACGTGCTCGCGTTCGTAAAAACACTGAAGCCAGGAGGAAAGGCAGACATTG TGGCTTTGGTAAGAGGAAAGGTACAGCCAACGCCCGTATGCCACAAAAGGTT CTATGGGTGAATCGTATGCGTGTCTTGAGAAGACTGTTGAAAAAATACAGACA AGATAAGAAAATCGACAGGCATCTGTACCATCACCTTTACATGAAGGCTAAGG GTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAGCGTGTATTGATGGAGTTCATTCATAAGAAGAAG GCCGAGAAAGCAAGAATGAAGATGTTGAACGACCAGGCTGAAGCTCGCAGAC AAAAGGTCAAGGAGGCCAAGAAGCGAAGGGAA NL006 SEQ ID NO: 1127 SEQ ID NO: 1128 SEQ ID NO: 1081 GGAGCGAGAC GAGATCTTCTGCA AAGTGCTTGTGTCAAGTGGTGTGGTGGAGTACATTGACACCCTGGAGGAGGAG TACAACAAYK CRTTKACVGCATC ACGACCATGATAGCGATGTCGCCGGATGACCTGCGTCAGGACAAGGAGTATG AYRGYTGGC CCTACTGTACCACCTACACGCACTGCGAGATCCACCCGGCCATGATACTCGGT GTGTGCGCCTCTATTATTCCCTTCCCCGATCACAACCAAAGTCCCAGGAACAC CTATCAGAGCGCTATGGGGAAACAGGCGATGGGCGTGTACATCACCAACTTCC ACGTGCGAATGGACACGCTGGCTCACGTGCTGTTCTACCCGCACAAGCCACTG GTCACCACTCGCTCCATGGAGTACCTGCGCTTCAGGGAGCTTCCTGCCGGCAT CAACTCTGTGGTCGCCATCGCCTGCTACACTGGATACAACCAGGAGGACAGTG TCATTCTCAACGCCTCCGCTGTCGAGCGCGGATTCTTCAGATCGGTTTTCTTCC GATCTTACAAAGATGCAGAATCGAAGCGTATTGGCGACCAAGAGGAGCAATT CGAGAAGCCCACCAGACAGACGTGTCAGGGAATGAGGAATGCCATTTATGAC AAATTGGACGATGATGGCATCATTGCTCCCGGTCTGAGAGTGTCTGGTGACGA TGTGGTTATTGGCAAAACCATAACACTGCCCGATAATGATGACGAGCTGGAAG GTACAACAAAGAGGTTCACGAAGAGAGATGCCAGTACTTTCCTGCGTAACAGT GAGACGGGAATCGTCGACCAAGTCATGTTAACCTTGAACTCTGAGGGTTACAA GTTCTGCAAAATTCGAGTCAGGTCTGTGCGTATCCCGCAGATTGGCGATAAGT TCGCTTCCCGACATGGCCAAAAAGGAACGTGTGGAATACAGTATCGTCAAGA GGACATGCCTTTTACAAGCGAGGGAATCGCACCGGATATTATTATCAATCCTC ACGCTATCCCATCTCGTATGACAATTGGCCATTTAATTGAATGTCTCCAAGGA AAGGTGTCGTCGAACAAGGGCGAGATAGGTGACGCGACGCCGTTCAAC NL007 SEQ ID NO: 1129 SEQ ID NO: 1130 SEQ ID NO: 1083 CGGTGTCCATT CGATGCAAGTAG TTTCAGAGATTTCCTTCTGAAACCTGAAATTTTGAGAGCAATCCTTGACTGTGG CACAGYTCCGG GTGTCKGARTCYTC TTTTGAACATCCATCTGAAGTACAACATGAATGCATTCCTCAAGCTGTACTTGG AATGGACATATTGTGTCAAGCGAAATCCGGTATGGGAAAAACTGCTGTATTTG TGTTGGCGACATTACAGCAAATTGAACCAACTGACAACCAAGTCAGTGTATTG GTCATGTGTCATACCAGAGAGCTTGCATTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTATGAACG ATTTTCGAAATGTATGCCAAATATCAAGGTTGGAGTTTTCTTCGGCGGACTGCC GATTCAGAGGGATGAGGAGACGTTGAAATTGAACTGTCCTCACATCGTGGTTG GAACACCCGGACGAATTTTGGCGTTGGTACGCAACAAGAAGCTGGACCTCAA GCATCTCAAGCACTTTGTCCTTGACGAATGTGACAAAATGTTGGAACTGTTAG ATATGCGAAGAGATGTGCAGGAAATATTCCGAAACACGCCGCACAGCAAACA AGTCATGATGTTCAGTGCAACTCTCAGCAAAGAAATTCGTCCAGTCTGCAAGA AATTCATGCAAGATCCGATGGAAGTGTACGTTGATGACGAGGCCAAGCTGAC GCTTCACGGCCTGCAGCAGCACTATGTCAAACTCAAAGAAAACGAAAAGAAC AAAAAGTTATTTGAATTACTTGACATACTTGAATTCAACCAGGTTGTTATATTT GTGAAGTCAGTGCAGCGCTGCATGGCCCTATCGCAACTCCTAACAGAGCAGAA CTTCCCTGCAGTGGCTATTCACCGTGGCATGACACAAGAAGAACGATTGAAGA AATATCAAGAGTTCAAAGAGTTCCTAAAGCGAATTTTGGTAGCAACGAATCTG TTTGGCAGAGGAATGGATATTGAGAGAGTCAACATTGTATTCAACTATGACAT GCCT NL008 SEQ ID NO: 1131 SEQ ID NO: 1132 SEQ ID NO: 1085 GTGGTGGATCA GCGCATTTGATCG GGAAGGATAGAAAACCAGAAACGAGTTGTTGGTGTTCTTTTGGGATGCTGGAG CTTYAAYCGK TTBGTYTTCAC ACCTGGAGGTGTATTAGATGTTTCAAACAGTTTTGCAGTTCCATTTGATGAGG ATG ACGACAAAGAAAAGAATGTTTGGTTCTTAGACCATGATTACTTGGAAAACATG TTCGGGATGTTCAAGAAAGTTAATGCTAGAGAAAAGGTTGTGGGTTGGTACCA TACTGGACCCAAACTCCACCAAAACGATGTTGCAATCAATGAGTTGATTCGTC GTTACTGTCCAAACTGTGTCTTAGTCATAATCGATGCCAAGCCTAAAGATTTG GGTCTACCTACAGAGGCATACAGAGTCGTTGAAGAAATCCATGATGATGGATC GCCAACATCAAAAACATTTGAACATGTGATGAGTGAGATTGGGGCAGAAGAG GCTGAGGAGATTGGCGTTGAACATCTGTTGAGAGACATCAAAGATACAACAG TCGGGTCACTGTCACAGCGCGTCACAAATCAGCTGATGGGCTTGAAGGGCTTG CATCTGCAATTACAGGATATGCGAGACTATTTGAATCAGGTTGTCGAAGGAAA GTTGCCAATGAACCATCAAATCGTTTACCAACTGCAAGACATCTTCAACCTTCT ACCCGATATCGGCCACGGCAATTTTGTAGACTCGCTCTAC NL009 SEQ ID NO: 1133 SEQ ID NO: 1134 SEQ ID NO: 1087 GGGCCGTGGTC CCGCCAAAGGAC TGCGACTATGATCGACCGCCGGGACGCGGTCAGGTGTGCGACGTCGACGTCAA AGAAYATYWA TSARRTADCCCTC GAACTGGTTTCCCTGCACCTCTGAGAACAATTTCAACTACCATCAATCGAGCC YAAC CTTGTGTTTTTCTCAAACTGAACAAGATAATTGGTTGGCAACCGGAGTACTAC AATGAGACTGAAGGCTTTCCAGATAATATGCCAGGTGACCTCAAGCGACACAT TGCCCAACAGAAGAGTATCAACAAGCTGTTTATGCAAACAATCTGGATAACTT GCGAAGGAGAGGGTCCTCTAGACAAGGAGAATGCAGGGGAGATCCAGTACAT CCCTAGACAGGGATTTCCGGGCTACTTCTACCCTTACACTAATGCC NL010 SEQ ID NO: 1135 SEQ ID NO: 1136 SEQ ID NO: 1089 (amino terminus) CGGCTGACGTG TGCCGGAAGTTCT GTCCAGTCGACTGGAAGCCACCAGGCTTGTTGTTCCCGTTGGATGTCTGTATCA GAAYGTKTGG CRTAYTCKGGC ACCTTTGAAGGAGAGACCTGATCTACCGCCTGTACAGTACGATCCAGTTCTTT CC GTACTAGGAATACTTGTCGTGCAATTCTGAATCCATTGTGCCAAGTCGACTATC GAGCCAAGCTATGGGTCTGCAACTTTTGTTTCCAGAGGAATCCTTTCCCCCCTC AATATGCAGCTATTTCGGAGCAGCATCAACCAGCAGAACTGATACCTTCATTT TCCACCATCGAATACATCATTACCAGAGCGCAAACGATGCCGCCGATGTTCGT GCTGGTGGTGGACACATGTCTGGACGACGAGGAGCTGGGAGCTTTGAAGGAC TCACTGCAGATGTCGCTGTCGCTGCTGCCGCCCAATGCACTCATCGGTCTCATC ACGTTCGGCAAAATGGTGCAGGTGCACGAGCTTGGCTGCGACGGCTGCTCGAA GAGCTACGTGTTCCGTGGCGTGAAGGACCTGACTGCCAAGCAGATCCAGGAC ATGTTGGGCATTGGCAAGATGGCCGCCGCTCCACAGCCCATGCAACAGCGCAT TCCCGGCGCCGCTCCCTCCGCACCTGTCAACAGATTTCTTCAGCCTGTCGGAAA GTGCGATATGAGTTTAACTGATCTGCTTGGGGAATTGCAAAGAGATCCATGGA ATGTGGCTCAGGGCAAGAGACCTCTCCGATCTACTGGAGTTGCATTGTCCATT GCAGTTGGTCTGCTCGAGTGCACA SEQ ID NO: 1115 (carboxy terminus) CGTTGAACGTGAAAGGCTCGTGTGTGTCAGACACTGACATTGGCTTGGGCGGC ACCTCTCAATGGAAAATGTGCGCCTTCACTCCACACACAACTTGTGCATTCTTC TTCGAAGTTGTCAACCAGCACGCAGCCCCAATCCCACAGGGAGGAAGAGGAT GCATCCAATTCATTACGCAATACCAACATTCCAGTGGCCAGAGAAGGATACGT GTCACCACCATCGCTCGAAACTGGGCAGATGCGAGCACCAACCTGGCACACAT CAGTGCCGGCTTCGACCAGGAGGCAGGAGCCGTGCTGATGGCCCGCATGGTC GTGCATCGCGCCGAGACTGACGATGGACCTGACGTCATGCGCTGGGCTGACCG CATGCTCATCCGTCTCTGTCAGAGGTTCGGTGAATACAGTAAGGATGACCCTA ACAGTTTCCGTCTGCCAGAGAACTTCACACTTTATCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATC TGCGTCGATCCCAATTCTTGCAAGTGTTCAACAACAGTCCTGATGAAACATCTT ACTACAGGCACATTCTTATGCGAGAGGATCTGACTCAGAGTTTGATTATGATC CAGCCGATTTTGTACAGCTACAGCTTCAATGGTCCCCCCGAGCCAGTGCTGCT CGACACCAGCAGTATTCAACCCGACAGAATCCTATTGATGGACACATTTTTCC AAATTCTCATTTTCCATGGAGAGACGATTGCTCAATGGCGATCTCTGGGCTAC CAGGACAT NL011 SEQ ID NO: 1137 SEQ ID NO: 1138 SEQ ID NO: 1091 CCCACTTTCAA CGCTCTCTCTCGA AGATGGTGGTACCGGCAAAACTACATTTGTCAAACGACATCTTACCGGAGAAT GTGYGTRYTRG TCTGYDSCTGCC TTGAAAAGAAGTATGTTGCCACCCTTGGAGTTGAAGTTCACCCCCTTGTATTTC TCGG ACACAAACAGAGGTGTGATTAGGTTCAATGTGTGGGACACAGCTGGCCAGGA AAAGTTCGGTGGACTTCGTGATGGATATTACATTCAGGGACAATGCGCCATCA TTATGTTTGACGTAACGTCAAGAGTCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC AGAGATTTAGTGAGGGTTTGCGAAAACATTCCCATTGTACTATGCGGCAACAA AGTAGACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTCAAGGCCAAGAGCATAGTCTTCCATAGG AAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGACATCAGTGCGAAAAGCAACTACAACTTCG AGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGGTTGGCAAAGAAGCTGATCGGTGACCCCAACCTGGAG TTCGTCGCCATGCCCGCCCTCCTCCCACCCGAGGTCACAATGGACCCCCAAT NL012 SEQ ID NO: 1139 SEQ ID NO: 1140 SEQ ID NO: 1093 GCAGGCGCAG GAATTTCCTCTTS GCAGCAGACGCAGGCACAGGTAGACGAGGTTGTCGATATAATGAAAACAAAC GTBGABGARGT AGYTTBCCVGC GTTGAGAAAGTATTGGAGAGGGATCAAAAACTATCAGAATTGGATGATCGAG CAGATGCTCTACAGCAAGGCGCTTCACAGTTTGAACAGCAAGCTGGCAAACTC AAGAGGAAATTC NL013 SEQ ID NO: 1141 SEQ ID NO: 1142 SEQ ID NO: 1095 CAGATGCGCCC GCCCTTGACAGA CGCAGAGCAAGTCTACATCTCTTCACTGGCCTTATTGAAAATGCTTAAGCACG GTBGTDGAYAC YTGDATVGGATC GTCGCGCCGGTGTTCCCATGGAAGTTATGGGCCTAATGCTGGGCGAATTTGTA GACGACTACACTGTGCGTGTCATTGATGTATTCGCTATGCCACAGAGTGGAAC GGGAGTGAGTGTGGAGGCTGTAGACCCGGTGTTCCAAGCGAAGATGTTGGAC ATGCTAAAGCAGACAGGACGGCCCGAGATGGTGGTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGC ACCCGGGCTTCGGCTGCTGGCTGTCGGGTGTCGACATCAACACGCAGGAGAGC TTCGAGCAACTATCCAAGAGAGCCGTTGCCGTCGTCGTC NL014 SEQ ID NO: 1143 SEQ ID NO: 1144 SEQ ID NO: 1097 CGCAGATCAA GAACTTGCGGTTG TTTCATTGAGCAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGAAGAGATCGATGCCAAGGCC RCAYATGATGGC ABGTTSCGDCC GAGGAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGGAAGGCTCGTACAGCACCAGCGCCTTA GC AAATCATGGAGTACTATGACAGGAAAGAGAAGCAGGTTGAGCTCCAGAAAAA AATCCAATCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGCGCGTCTGAAGGCACTGAAGGTG CGCGAAGATCACGTGAGAAGTGTGCTCGAAGAATCCAGAAAACGTCTTGGAG AAGTAACCAGAAACCCAGCCAAGTACAAGGAAGTCCTCCAGTATCTAATTGTC CAAGGACTCCTGCAGCTGCTAGAATCAAACGTAGTACTGCGCGTGCGCGAGGC TGACGTGAGTCTGATCGAGGGCATTGTTGGCTCATGCGCAGAGCAGTACGCGA AGATGACCGGCAAAGAGGTGGTGGTGAAGCTGGACGCTGACAACTTCCTGGC CGCCGAGACGTGTGGAGGCGTCGAGTTGTTCGCCCGCAACGGCCGCATCAAG ATCCCCAACACCCTCGAGTCCAGGCTCGACCTCATCTCCCAGCAACTTGTGCC CGAGATTAGAGTCGCGCTCTTT NL015 SEQ ID NO: 1145 SEQ ID NO: 1146 SEQ ID NO: 1099 GCCGCAAGGA GTCCGTGGGAYTC ATTGTGCTGTCTGACGAGACATGTCCGTTCGAAAAGATCCGCATGAATCGAGT GACBGTVTGC RGCHGCAATC GGTCAGGAAGAATCTGCGAGTGCGCTTGTCCGACATTGTCTCGATCCAGCCTT GCCCAGACGTCAAGTATGGAAAGCGTATCCATGTGCTGCCCATTGATGATACC GTTGAGGGTCTTACAGGAAATCTGTTCGAAGTGTATTTGAAGCCATACTTCCT GGAAGCATACAGGCCAATTCACAAGGATGATGCATTCATTGTTCGCGGAGGTA TGAGAGCGGTCGAATTCAAGGTGGTTGAAACAGATCCATCGCCCTACTGCATT GTCGCGCCAGACACCGTCATCCATTGTGAGGGAGACCCCATCAAACGTGAGG ATGAAGAAGACGCAGCAAACGCAGTCGGCTACGACGACATTGGAGGCTGCAG AAAGCAGCTGGCGCAGATCAAAGAGATGGTGGAGTTGCCGCTGAGACATCCC AGTCTGTTCAAGGCGATCGGCGTGAAGCCGCCACGAGGCATCCTGCTGTACGG ACCACCGGGAACCGGAAAGACGTTGATAGCGCGCGCCGTCGCCAACGAAACG GGCGCCTTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGGACCCGAGATTATGAGCAAATTGGCCGG CGAGTCGGAGAGTAACCTGCGCAAAGCTTTCGAGGAAGCGGACAAAAACGCA CCGGCCATCATCTTCATCGATGAGCTGGACGCAATCGCGCCAAAACGCGAGAA GACGCACGGCGAGGTGGAGCGACGCATCGTGTCGCAGCTGCTGACGCTGATG GACGGTCTCAAGCAGAGCTCGCACGTGATTGTCATGGCCGCCACCAATCGGCC CAACTCGATCGATGCCGCGCTTAGGCGCTTTGGCCGCTTTGATCGCGAAATCG ACATTGGCATTCCCGATGCCACCGGTCGTCTCGAGGTGCTGCGCATCCACACC AAGAACATGAAGTTGGCTGATGACGTCGATTTGGAACA NL016 SEQ ID NO: 1147 SEQ ID NO: 1148 SEQ ID NO: 1101 GTTCACCGGCG CGGCATAGTCAG GACGCCAGTATCAGAAGACATGCTTGGTCGTGTATTCAACGGAAGTGGTAAGC AYATYCTGCG AATSGGRATCTG CCATCGACAAAGGACCTCCCATTCTTGCTGAGGATTATCTCGACATTCAAGGT CAACCCATCAATCCTTGGTCGCGTATCTATCCCGAGGAAATGATCCAGACTGG AATTTCAGCCATCGACGTCATGAACTCGATTGCTCGTGGCCAGAAAATCCCCA TCTTTTCAGCTGCCGGTCTACCTCACAACGAAATTGCTGCTCAAATCTGTAGAC AGGCTGGTCTTGTCAAACTGCCAGGAAAGTCAGTTCTCGATGACTCTGAGGAC AACTTTGCTATTGTATTCGCAGCCATGGGAGTCAACATGGAAACTGCTCGATT CTTCAAACAGGATTTCGAGGAGAACGGCTCTATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCT TGAACCTGGCGAACGACCCGACGATCGAGCGTATCATCACACCACGCCTGGCG CTGACGGCCGCCGAGTTCCTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCTCGTCAT CCTCACCGACATGAGCTCCTACGCCGAGGCGCTGCGAGAGGTGTCCGCCGCCC GCGAGGAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATCTG GCCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGACGAGTCGAGGGTCGCAACGGCTCCATCA CG NL018 SEQ ID NO: 1149 SEQ ID NO: 1150 SEQ ID NO: 1103 GCTCCGTCTAC GTGCATCGGTACC TATGCAAATGCCTGTGCCACGCCCACAAATAGAAAGCACACAACAGTTTATTC ATHCARCCNG AHSCHGCRTC GATCCGAGAAAACAACATACTCGAATGGATTCACCACCATTGAGGAGGACTTC ARGG AAAGTAGACACTTTCGAATACCGTCTTCTGCGCGAGGTGTCGTTCCGCGAATC TCTGATCAGAAACTACTTGCACGAGGCGGACATGCAGATGTCGACGGTGGTGG ACCGAGCATTGGGTCCCCCCTCGGCGCCACACATCCAGCAGAAGCCGCGCAAC TCAAAAATCCAGGAGGGCGGCGATGCCGTCTTTTCCATCAAGCTCAGCGCCAA CCCCAAGCCTCGGCTGGTCTGGTTCAAGAACGGTCAGCGCATCGGTCAGACGC AGAAACACCAGGCCTCCTACTCCAATCAGACCGCCACGCTCAAGGTCAACAA AGTCAGCGCTCAAGACTCCGGCCACTACACGCTGCTTGCTGAAAATCCGCAAG GATGTACTGTGTCCTCAGCTTACCTAGCTGTCGAATCAGCTGGCACTCAAGAT ACAGGATACAGTGAGCAATACAGCAGACAAGAGGTGGAGACGACAGAGGCG GTGGACAGCAGCAAGATGCTGGCACCGAACTTTGTTCGCGTGCCGGCCGATCG CGACGCGAGCGAAGGCAAGATGACGCGGTTTGACTGCCGCGTGACGGGCCGA CCCTACCCGGACGTGGCCTGGTTCATCAACGGCCAACAGGTGGCTGACGACGC CACGCACAAGATCCTCGTCAACGAGTCTGGCAACCACTCGCTCATGATCACCG GCGTCACTCGCTTGGACCACGGAGTGGTCGGCTGTATTGCCCGCAACAAGGCT GGCGAAACCTCATTCCAGTGCAACTTGAATGTGATCGAGAAAGAACTGGTTGT GGCGCCGAAATTTGTGGAGAGATTCGCACAAGTGAATGTGAAGGAGGGTGAG CCGGTTGTGCTGAGCGCACGCGCTGTTGGCACACCTGTTCCAAGAATAACATG GCAGAAGGACGGCGCCCCGATCCAGTCGGGACCGAGCGTGAGTCTGTTTGTG GACGGAGGTGCGACCAGCCTGGACATCCCGTACGCGAAGGCGTCG NL019 SEQ ID NO: 1151 SEQ ID NO: 1152 SEQ ID NO: 1105 GTCCTGTCTGC CCTTGATCTCHGC CGATGACACATACACAGAAAGTTACATCAGTACCATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAA TGCTVMGWTT MGCCATBGTC TTAGAACAATAGATCTCGATGGAAAAACCATAAAGCTTCAGATTTGGGACACG YGC GCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTTCCGCACGATCACATCGAGCTACTACCGGGGCGCCC ACGGCATCATTGTGGTGTACGACTGCACCGACCAGGAGTCGTTCAACAACCTC AAACAGTGGCTCGAGGAGATTGACCGCTACGCCTGTGATAATGTCAACAAACT GCTCGTCGGCAACAAGTGTGATCAGACCAACAAAAAGGTCGTCGACTATACA CAGGCTAAGGAATACGCCGACCAGCTGGGCATTCCGTTCCTGGAGACGTCGGC GAAGAACGCGACCAATGTGGAGCAGGCGTTCAT NL021 SEQ ID NO: 1153 SEQ ID NO: 1154 SEQ ID NO: 1107 CTCAATCAGAG GGAATTGCCSAGV CGTCAGTCTCAATTCTGTCACCGATATCAGCACCACGTTCATTCTCAAGCCACA CGTYCCHCCRT CGDGADCC AGAGAACGTGAAGATAACGCTTGAGGGCGCACAGGCCTGTTTCATTTCACACG AYGG AACGACTTGTGATCTCACTGAAGGGAGGAGAACTCTATGTTCTAACTCTCTAT TCCGATAGTATGCGCAGTGTGAGGAGTTTTCATCTGGAGAAAGCTGCTGCCAG TGTCTTGACTACTTGTATCTGTGTTTGTGAGGAGAACTATCTGTTCCTTGGTTC CCGTCTTGGAAACTCACTGTTGCTCAGGTTTACTGAGAAGGAATTGAACCTGA TTGAGCCGAGGGCCATCGAAAGCTCACAGTCCCAGAATCCGGCCAAGAAGAA AAAGCTGGATACTTTGGGAGATTGGATGGCATCTGACGTCACTGAAATACGCG ACCTGGATGAACTAGAAGTGTATGGCAGTGAAACACAAACCTCTATGCAAATT GCATCCTACATATTC NL022 SEQ ID NO: 1155 SEQ ID NO: 1156 SEQ ID NO: 1109 GCGTGCTCAAG CCAGTTCATGCTT TACATTGCACAGAGAATTCCTTTCCGAGCCAGATCTGCAATCTTACAGTGTTAT TAYATGACBG RTANGCCCANGC GATAATTGATGAAGCTCACGAGAGGACGTTGCACACTGATATACTGTTCGGTT AYGG TGGTGAAAGATGTCGCCCGATTCAGACCTGACTTGAAGCTGCTCATATCAAGC GCCACACTGGATGCTCAGAAATTCTCCGAGTTTTTCGACGATGCACCCATCTTC AGGATTCCGGGCCGTAGATTTCCGGTGGACATCTACTACACAAAGGCGCCCGA GGCTGACTACGTGGACGCATGTGTCGTTTCGATCCTGCAGATCCACGCCACTC AGCCGCTGGGAGACATCCTGGTCTTCCTCACCGGTCAGGAGGAGATCGAAACC TGCCAGGAGCTGCTGCAGGACAGAGTGCGCAGGCTTGGGCCTCGTATCAAGG AGCTGCTCATATTGCCCGTCTATTCCAACCTACCCAGTGATATGCAGGCAAAG ATTTTCCTGCCCACTCCACCAAATGCTAGAAAGGTAGTATTGGCCACAAATAT TGCAGAAACCTCATTGACCATCGACAATATAATCTACGTGATTGATCCTGGTTT TTGTAAGCAGAATAACTTCAATTCAAGGACTGGAATGGAATCGCTTGTTGTAG TGCCTGTTTCAAAGGCATCGGCCAATCAGCGAGCAGGGCGGGCGGGACGGGT GGCGGCCGGCAAGTGCTTCCGTCTGTACACG NL023 SEQ ID NO: 1157 SEQ ID NO: 1158 SEQ ID NO: 1111 CCGGAGCTTCT GAAAGCACACGC CCGGAGCTTCTCTCAGGAACGCCAGCACGAGGAAATGAAGGAATCCTCGGGT CTCAGGAACGC TGTTGCTCTGG CGCATGCATCACAGCGATCCTCTAATCGTCGAGACTCATAGCGGTCACGTGAG AGGAATCTCGAAGACCGTCCTCGGACGGGAGGTCCACGTGTTTACCGGGATTC CGTTTGCGAAACCTCCCATCGGTCCGTTGCGATTCCGTAAACCGGTTCCCGTCG ACCCGTGGCACGGCGTTCTGGATGCGACCGCGCTTCCCAACAGCTGCTACCAG GAACGGTACGAGTATTTCCCGGGCTTCGAGGGAGAGGAAATGTGGAATCCGA ATACGAATTTGTCCGAAGATTGTCTGTATTTGAACATATGGGTGCCGCACCGG TTGAGAATCCGACACAGAGCCAACAGCGAGGAGAATAAACCAAGAGCGAAG GTGCCGGTGCTGATCTGGATCTACGGCGGGGGTTACATGAGCGGCACAGCTAC ACTGGACGTGTACGATGCTGACATGGTGGCCGCCACGAGTGACGTCATCGTCG CCTCCATGCAGTACCGAGTGGGTGCGTTCGGCTTCCTCTACCTCGCACAGGAC TTGCCTCGAGGCAGCGAGGAGGCGCCGGGCAACATGGGGCTCTGGGACCAGG CCCTTGCCATCCGCTGGCTCAAGGACAACATTGCCGCCTTCGGAGGCGATCCC GAACTCATGACGCTCTTTGGCGAGTCGGCTGGGGGTGGATCTGTAAGCATCCA CTTGGTATCACCGATAACTCGCGGCCTAGCGCGTCGTGGCATCATGCAGTCAG GAACGATGAACGCACCGTGGAGCTTCATGACGGCGGAACGCGCGACCGAAAT CGCCAAGACGCTCATTGACGACTGCGGCTGCAACTCGTCGCTCCTGACCGACG CTCCCAGTCGCGTCATGTCCTGTATGCGATCAGTCGAGGCAAAGATCATCTCC GTGCAGCAATGGAACAGCTACTCCGGCATTCTCGGACTTCCGTCTGCACCCAC CATCGACGGCATTTTCCTGCCCAAACATCCCCTCGATCTGCTCAAGGAAGGCG ACTTTCAGGACACTGAAATACTCATCGGCAGTAATCAGGATGAGGGTACCTAC TTCATATTGTACGATTTCATCGACTTCTTCCAAAAAGACGGGCCGAGTTTCTTG CAAAGAGATAAGTTCCTAGACATCATCAACACAATTTTCAAGAATATGACGAA AATTGAGAGGGAAGCTATCATATTCCAGTACACAGATTGGGAGCATGTTATGG ATGGTTATCTGAACCAGAAAATGATCGGAGATGTGGTTGGTGATTACTTCTTC ATCTGTCCGACAAATCATTTCGCACAGGCATTCGCAGAGCATGGAAAGAAGGT GTATTACTATTTCTTCACCCAGAGAACCAGTACAAGTTTATGGGGCGAGTGGA TGGGAGTCATGCATGGAGATGAAATAGAATACGTTTTTGGTCATCCTCTCAAC ATGTCGCTGCAATTCAATGCTAGGGAAAGGGATCTCAGTCTGCGAATAATGCA AGCTTACTCTAGGTTTGCATTGACAGGTAAACCAGTGCCTGATGACGTGAATT GGCCTATCTACTCCAAGGACCAGCCGCAGTATTACATTTTCAATGCGGAGACT TCGGGCACAGGCAGAGGACCCAGAGCAACAGCGTGTGCTTTC NL027 SEQ ID NO: 1159 SEQ ID NO: 1160 SEQ ID NO: 1113 GCCGATCGTKY GGTATAGATGAA AGAAGACGGCACGGTGCGTATTTGGCACTCGGGCACCTACAGGCTGGAGTCCT TVACKGGCTC RCARTCDCCVACC CGCTGAATTATGGCCTCGAAAGAGTGTGGACCATTTGCTGCATGCGAGGATCC CA AACAATGTGGCTCTTGGCTACGACGAAGGCAGCATAATGGTGAAGGTGGGTC GGGAGGAGCCGGCCATCTCGATGGATGTGAACGGTGAGAAGATTGTGTGGGC GCGCCACTCGGAGATACAACAGGTCAACCTCAAGGCCATGCCGGAGGGCGTC GAAATCAAAGATGGCGAACGACTGCCGGTCGCCGTTAAGGATATGGGCAGCT GTGAAATATATCCGCAGACCATCGCTCATAATCCCAACGGCAGATTCCTAGTC GTTTGTGGAGATGGAGAGTACATAATTCACACATCAATGGTGCTAAGAAATAA GGCGTTTGGCTCGGCCCAAGAGTTCATTTGGGGACAGGACTCGTCCGAGTATG CTATCAGAGAAGGAACATCCACTGTCAAAGTATTCAAAAACTTCAAAGAAAA GAAATCATTCAAGCCAGAATTTGGTGCTGAGAGCATATTCGGCGGCTACCTGC TGGGAGTTTGTTCGTTGTCTGGACTGGCGCTGTACGACTGGGAGACCCTGGAG CTGGTGCGTCGCATCGAGATCCAACCGAAACACGTGTACTGGTCGGAGAGTGG GGAGCTGGTGGCGCTGGCCACTGATGACTCCTACTTTGTGCTCCGCTACGACG CACAGGCCGTGCTCGCTGCACGCGACGCCGGTGACGACGCTGTCACGCCGGAC GGCGTCGAGGATGCATTCGAGGTCCTTGGTGAAGTGCACGAAACTGTAAAAA CTGGATTG

TABLE 2-CS Primer Forward Primer Reverse CDNA Sequence (sense strand) Target ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ CS001 SEQ ID NO: 1706 SEQ ID NO: 1707 SEQ ID NO: 1682 CATTTGAAGCG CTTCGTGCCCTT TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTGGGTGGCGTGTACGCGCCGCGGCCGTCGA TTTWRMYGCY GCCRATKATRA CCGGCCCCCACAAGTTGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCTGGTGATCTTCCTCAGGAACC CC ABACG GGCTCAAGTACGCGCTCACCGGAAATGAAGTGCTTAAGATTGTAAAGCAGCGA CTTATCAAAGTTGACGGCAAAGTCAGGACAGACCCCACATATCCCGCTGGATTT ATGGATGTTGTTTCCATTGAAAAGACAAATGAGCTGTTCCGTCTTATATATGATG TCAAAGGCAGATTTACTATTCACCGTATTACTCCTGAGGAGGCTAAATACAAGC TGTGCAAGGTGCGGCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCCTTACCTGGTG ACCCACGACGGACGCACCGTGCGATACCCCGACCCACTCATCAAGGTCAACGA CTCCATCCAGCTCGACATCGCCACCTCCAAGATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTTTGA ATCTGGTAACCTATGTATGATCACGGGAGGCCGTAACTTGGGGCGCGTGGGCAC CATCGTGTCCCGCGAGCGACATCCCGGGTCCTTCGACATCGTGCATATACGGGA CTCCACCGGACATACCTTCGCTACCAGATTGAACAACGTGTTCATAATCGGCAA GGGCACGAAG CS002 SEQ ID NO: 1708 SEQ ID NO: 1709 SEQ ID NO: 1684 GAGTTTCTTTA GCAATGTCATC GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGGCAAGAAGGAGGAGAAGGGTCCATCAA GTAAAGTATTC CATCAKRTCRT CACACGAAGCTATACAGAAATTACGCGAAACGGAAGAGTTATTGCAGAAGAAA GGTGG GTAC CAAGAGTTTCTAGAGCGAAAGATCGACACTGAATTACAAACGGCGAGAAAACA TGGCACAAAGAATAAGAGAGCTGCCATTGCGGCACTGAAGCGCAAGAAGCGTT ATGAAAAGCAGCTTACCCAGATTGATGGCACGCTTACCCAAATTGAGGCCCAAA GGGAAGCGCTAGAAGGAGCTAACACCAATACACAGGTGCTTAACACTATGCGA GATGCTGCTACCGCTATGAGACTCGCCCACAAGGATATCGATGTAGACAAGGTA CACGATCTGATGGATGACATTGC CS003 SEQ ID NO: 1710 SEQ ID NO: 1711 SEQ ID NO: 1686 CAGGAGTTGAR CAGGTTCTTCCT TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGGAGGGTGAAGTACACGCTGGCCAGGA RATHATYGGHS CTTKACRCGDCC TCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTGCTCACACTCGAGGAGAAAGACCCTAAGAGG ARTA TTATTCGAAGGTAATGCTCTCCTTCGTCGTCTGGTGAGGATCGGTGTGTTGGATG AGAAGCAGATGAAGCTCGATTATGTACTCGGTCTGAAGATTGAGGACTTCTTGG AACGTCGTCTCCAGACTCAGGTGTTCAAGGCTGGTCTAGCTAAGTCTATCCATC ATGCCCGTATTCTTATCAGACAGAGGCACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCAAGTTGTGA ACATCCCTTCGTTCATCGTGCGGCTGGACTCTGGCAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCT GAAGTCTCCGTTCGGCGGCGGCCGGCCG CS006 SEQ ID NO: 1712 SEQ ID NO: 1713 SEQ ID NO: 1688 ACCTGCCAAGG GAGATCTTCTG ACCTGCCAAGGAATGAGGAACGCTTTGTATGACAAATTGGATGATGATGGTATA AATGMGVAAY CACRTTKACVG ATTGCACCAGGGATTCGTGTATCTGGTGACGATGTAGTCATTGGAAAAACTATA GC CATC ACTTTGCCAGAAAACGATGATGAGCTGGAAGGAACATCAAGACGATACAGTAA GAGAGATGCCTCTACATTCTTGCGAAACAGTGAAACTGGTATTGTTGACCAAGT TATGCTTACACTTAACAGCGAAGGATACAAATTTTGTAAAATACGTGTGAGATC TGTGAGAATCCCACAAATTGGAGACAAATTTGCTTCTCGTCATGGTCAAAAAGG GACTTGTGGTATTCAATATAGGCAAGAAGATATGCCTTTCACTTGTGAAGGATT GACACCAGATATTATCATCAATCCACATGCTATCCCCTCTCGTATGACAATTGGT CACTTGATTGAATGTATTCAAGGTAAGGTCTCCTCAAATAAAGGTGAAATAGGT GATGCTACACCATTTAACGATGCTGTCAACGTGCAGAAGATCTC CS007 SEQ ID NO: 1714 SEQ ID NO: 1715 SEQ ID NO: 1690 CGGTGTCCATT CGATGCAAGTA TTTCAGAGATTTCTTTGTTGGAACCAGAGATTTTGGGGGCTATCGTCGATTGCGGT CACAGYTCCGG GGTGTCKGART TTCGAGCACCCTTCAGAAGTTCAACATGAATGTATTCCCCAAGCTGTTTTGGGA CYTC ATGGATATTCTTTGTCAAAGCTAAATCCGGAATGGGAAAAACCGCCGTATTTGT TTTAGCAACACTGCAACAGCTAGAACCTTCAGAAAACCATGTTTACGTATTAGT AATGTGCCATACAAGGGAACTCGCTTTCCAAATAAGCAAGGAATATGAGAGGT TCTCTAAATATATGGCTGGTGTTAGAGTATCTGTATTCTTTGGTGGGATGCCAAT TCAGAAAGATGAAGAAGTATTGAAGACAGCCTGCCCGCACATCGTTGTTGGTAC TCCTGGCAGAATATTAGCATTGGTTAACAACAAGAAACTGAATTTAAAACACCT GAAACACTTCATCCTGGATGAATGTGACAAAATGCTTGAATCTCTAGACATGAG ACGTGATGTGCAGGAAATATTCAGGAACACCCCTCACGGTAAGCAGGTCATGAT GTTTTCTGCAACATTGAGTAAGGAGATCAGACCAGTCTGTAAGAAATTTATGCA AGATCCTATGGAAGTTTATGTGGATGATGAAGCTAAACTTACATTGCACGGTTT GCAGCAACATTATGTTAAACTCAAGGAAAATGAAAAGAATAAGAAGTTATTTG AACTTTTGGATGTACTGGAGTTCAACCAAGTTGTCATATTTGTAAAGTCAGTGC AGCGCTGCATAGCTCTCGCACAGCTGCTGACAGACCAAAACTTCCCAGCTATTG GTATACACCGAAATATGACTCAAGATGAGCGTCTCTCCCGCTATCAGCAGTTCA AAGATTTCCAGAAGAGGATCCTTGTTGCGACAAATCTTTTTGGACGGGGTATGG ACATTGAAAGAGTCAACATAGTCTTCAATTATGACATGCCG CS009 SEQ ID NO: 1716 SEQ ID NO: 1717 SEQ ID NO: 1692 CCTCGTTGCCA CTGGATTCTCTC CCTCGTTGCCATTTGTATTTGGACGTTTCTGCAGCGGCTGGACTCACGGGAGCCC TYTGYWTKTGG CCTCGCAMGAH ATGTGGCAGCTGGACGAGAGCATCATCGGCACCAACCCCGGGCTCGGCTTCCGG ACC CCCACGCCGCCAGAGGTCGCCAGCAGCGTCATCTGGTATAAAGGCAACGACCC CAACAGCCAACAATTCTGGGTGCAAGAAACCTCCAACTTTCTAACCGCGTACAA ACGAGACGGTAAGAAAGCAGGAGCAGGCCAGAACATCCACAACTGTGATTTCA AACTGCCTCCTCCGGCCGGTAAGGTGTGCGACGTGGACATCAGCGCCTGGAGTC CCTGTGTAGAGGACAAGCACTTTGGATACCACAAGTCCACGCCCTGCATCTTCC TCAAACTCAACAAGATCTTCGGCTGGAGGCCGCACTTCTACAACAGCTCCGACA GCCTGCCCACTGACATGCCCGACGACTTGAAGGAGCACATCAGGAATATGACA GCGTACGATAAGAATTATCTAAACATGGTATGGGTGTCTTGCGAGGGAGAGAAT CCAG CS011 SEQ ID NO: 1718 SEQ ID NO: 1719 SEQ ID NO: 1694 GGCTCCGGCAA GTGGAAGCAGG GGCTCCGGCAAGACGACCTTTGTCAAACGACACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAA GACVACMTTY GCWGGCATKGC AAGATATGTCGCCACATTAGGTGTCGAGGTGCATCCCTTAGTATTCCACACAAA GTC RAC TAGAGGCCCTATAAGGTTTAATGTATGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAAAAGTTTGG TGGTCTCCGAGATGGTTACTATATCCAAGGTCAATGTGCCATCATCATGTTCGAT GTAACGTCTCGTGTCACCTACAAAAATGTACCCAACTGGCACAGAGATTTAGTG CGAGTCTGTGAAGGCATTCCAATTGTTCTTTGTGGCAACAAAGTAGATATCAAG GACAGAAAAGTCAAAGCAAAAACTATTGTTTTCCACAGAAAAAAGAACCTTCA GTATTATGACATCTCTGCCAAGTCAAACTACAATTTCGAGAAACCCTTCCTCTGG TTAGCGAGAAAGTTGATCGGTGATGGTAACCTAGAGTTTGTCGCCATGCAGCCC TGCTTCCAC CS013 SEQ IDNO: 1720 SEQ ID NO: 1721 SEQ ID NO: 1696 GGATCGTCTGC CTATGGTGTCC CAGATGCGCCCGTTGTTGATACTGCCGAACAGGTATACATCTCGTCTTTGGCCCT TAMGWYTWGG AGCATSGCGC GTTGAAGATGTTAAAACACGGGCGCGCCGGTGTTCCAATGGAAGTTATGGGACT AGG TATGTTAGGTGAATTTGTTGATGATTACACGGTGCGTGTCATAGACGTATTTGCC ATGCCTCAAACTGGCACAGGAGTGTCGGTTGAAGCTGTAGATCCTGTCTTCCAA GCAAAGATGTTGGATATGTTGAAGCAAACTGGACGACCTGAGATGGTAGTGGG ATGGTACCACTCGCATCCTGGCTTTGGATGTTGGTTATCTGGAGTCGACATTAAT ACTCAGCAGTCTTTCGAAGCTTTGTCTGAACGTGCTGTAGCTGTAGTGGTTGATC CCATTCAGTCTGTCAAGGGC CS014 SEQ ID NO: 1722 SEQ ID NO: 1723 SEQ ID NO: 1698 ATGGCACTGAG GAACTTGCGGT TTCAAAAGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATCGAACAAGAGGCTAATGAA CGAYGCHGATG TGABGTTSCGDCC AAGGCCGAGGAAATCGATGCAAAGGCCGAAGAGGAGTTCAACATTGAAAAAG GCCGCCTGGTGCAGCAGCAGCGGCTCAAGATCATGGAATACTACGAAAAGAAA GAGAAACAAGTGGAACTCCAGAAAAAGATCCAATCTTCGAACATGCTGAATCA AGCCCGTCTGAAGGTGCTCAAAGTGCGTGAGGACCACGTACGCAACGTTCTCGA CGAGGCTCGCAAGCGCCTGGCTGAGGTGCCCAAAGACGTGAAACTTTACACAG ATCTGCTGGTCACGCTCGTCGTACAAGCCCTATTCCAGCTCATGGAACCCACAG TAACAGTTCGCGTTAGGCAGGCGGACGTCTCCTTAGTACAGTCCATATTGGGCA AGGCACAGCAGGATTACAAAGCAAAGATCAAGAAGGACGTTCAATTGAAGATC GACACCGAGAATTCCCTGCCCGCCGATACTTGTGGCGGAGTGGAACTTATTGCT GCTAGAGGGCGTATTAAGATCAGCAACACTCTGGAGTCTCGTCTGGAGCTGATA GCCCAACAACTGTTGCCCGAAATACGTACCGCATTGTTC CS015 SEQ ID NO: 1724 SEQ ID NO: 1725 SEQ ID NO: 1700 GCCGCAAGGA CGATCAAAGCG ATCGTGCTTTCAGACGATAACTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGTC GACBGTVTGC WCCRAAVCGACG GTGCGAAACAACTTGCGTGTACGCCTGTCAGACATAGTCTCCATAGCGCCTTGT CCATCGGTCAAATATGGGAAACGGGTACATATATTGCCCATTGATGATTCTGTC GAGGGTTTGACTGGAAATTTATTCGAAGTCTACTTGAAACCATACTTCATGGAA GCTTATCGGCCTATCCATCGCGATGACACATTCATGGTTCGCGGGGGCATGAGG GCTGTTGAATTCAAAGTGGTGGAGACTGATCCGTCGCCGTATTGCATCGTCGCT CCCGACACAGTGATACACTGCGAAGGAGACCCTATCAAACGAGAGGAAGAAGA AGAAGCCCTAAACGCCGTAGGGTACGACGACATCGGTGGCTGTCGTAAACAGC TCGCTCAGATCAAAGAGATGGTCGAGTTGCCTCTAAGGCATCCGTCGCTGTTCA AGGCAATTGGTGTGAAGCCGCCACGTGGAATCCTCATGTATGGGCCGCCTGGTA CCGGCAAAACTCTCATTGCTCGGGCAGTGGCTAATGAAACTGGTGCATTCTTCT TTCTGATCAACGGGCCGGAGATCATGTCCAAACTCGCGGGCGAGTCCGAATCGA ACCTTCGCAAGGCATTCGAGGAAGCGGACAAGAACTCCCCGGCTATAATCTTCA TCGATGAACTGGATGCCATCGCACCAAAGAGGGAGAAGACTCACGGTGAAGTG GAGCGTCGTATTGTGTCGCAACTACTTACTCTTATGGATGGAATGAAGAAGTCA TCGCACGTGATCGTAATGGCCGCCACCAACCGTCCGAATTCGATCGACCCGGCG CTA CS016 SEQ ID NO: 1726 SEQ ID NO: 1727 SEQ ID NO: 1702 GTTCACCGGCG GTCGCGCAGGT AGGATGGAAGCGGGGATACGTTTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACGGAGCAG AYATYCTGCG AGAAYTCKGC CTGCCAGCCGATGTCCAGCGACTCGAATACTGTGCGGTTCTCGTAGTTGCCCTGT GTGATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGTGAGGAACTCGAGGTAGAGCAGATCGTCG GGTGTCAGGGCTTCCTCACCGACGACAGCCTTCATGGCCTGCACGTCCTTACCG ATGGCGTAGCAGGCGTACAGCTGGTTGGAAACATCAGAGTGGTCCTTGCGGGTC ATTCCCTCACCGATGGCAGACTTCATGAGACGAGACAGGGAAGGCAGCACGTTT ACAGGCGGGTAGATCTGTCTGTTGTGGAGCTGACGGTCTACGTAGATCTGTCCC TCAGTGATGTAGCCCGTTAAATCGGGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGC ATAGTCAAGATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGATCCGTTTCTACCCTCTACACGCCCG GCTCTCTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGT CGTCCGGGCACCTCCTCACGGGCGGCGGACACTTCACGCAGAGCCTCCGCGTAC GAAGACATGTCAGTCAAGATTACCAGCACGTGTTTCTCACACTGGTAGGCCAAG AACTCAGCAGCAGTCAAGGCCAAACGTGGTGTGATGATTCTCTCAATAGTGGGA TCGTTGGCCAGATTCAAGAACAGGCACACGTTCTCCATGGAGCCGTTCTCCTCG AAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACCGGGCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCATGGCGGCGAAC ACGATGGCAAAGTTGTCCTCGTGGTCGTCCAGCACAGATTTGCCGGGGATCTTT ACAAGACCGGCTTGCCTACAGATCTGGGCGGCAATTTCGTTGTGTGGCAGACCG GCAGCCGAGAAAATGGGGATCTTTTGCCCGCGAGCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTCG ATAGCGGAGATACCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGGTAGATACGGGACCAGGG GTTGATGGGCTGTCCCTGGATGTCCAAAAAGTCTTCAGCAAGGATTGGGGGACC TTTGTCAATGGGTTTTCCAGAGCCGTTGAATACGCGACCCAACATGTCTTCGGA GACAGGGGTGC CS018 SEQ ID NO: 1728 SEQ ID NO: 1729 SEQ 1D NO: 1704 GCTCCGTCTAC GTGCATCGGTA GCTCCGTCTACATTCAGCCGGAAGGCGTCCCTGTACCTGCTCAGCAATCCCAAC ATHCARCCNGA CCAHSCHGCRTC AGCAGCAGAGTTACCGCCACGTCAGCGAGAGCGTCGAACACAAATCCTACGGC RGG ACGCAAGGGTACACCACTTCGGAACAGACCAAGCAGACACAGAAGGTGGCGTA CACCAACGGTTCCGACTACTCTTCCACGGACGACTTTAAGGTGGATACGTTCGA ATACAGACTCCTCCGAGAAGTTTCGTTCAGGGAATCCATCACGAAGCGGTACAT TGGCGAGACAGACATTCAGATCAGCACGGAGGTCGACAAGTCTCTCGGTGTGGT GACCCCTCCTAAGATAGCACAAAAGCCTAGGAATTCCAAGCTGCAGGAGGGAG CCGACGCTCAGTTTCAAGTGCAGCTGTCGGGTAACCCGCGGCCACGGGTGTCAT GGTTCAAGAACGGGCAGAGGATAGTCAACTCGAACAAACACGAAATCGTCACG ACACATAATCAAACAATACTTAGGGTAAGAAACACACAAAAGTCTGATACTGG CAACTACACGTTGTTGGCTGAAAATCCTAACGGATGCGTCGTCACATCGGCATA CCTGGCCGTGGAGTCGCCTCAAGAAACTTACGGCCAAGATCATAAATCACAATA CATAATGGACAATCAGCAAACAGCTGTAGAAGAAAGAGTAGAAGTTAATGAAA AAGCTCTCGCTCCGCAATTCGTAAGAGTCTGCCAAGACCGCGATGTAACGGAGG GGAAAATGACGCGATTCGATTGCCGCGTCACGGGCAGACCTTACCCAGAAGTC ACGTGGTTCATTAACGATAGACAAATTCGAGACGATTATWATCATAAGATATTA GTAAACGAATCGTGTAATCATGCACTTATGATTACAAACGTCGATCTCAGTGAT AGTGGCGTAGTATCATGTATAGCACGCAACAAGACCGGCGAAACTTCGTTTCAG TGTAGGCTGAACGTGATAGAGAAGGAGCAAGTGGTCGCTCCCAAATTCGTGGA GCGGTTCAGCACGCTCAACGTGCGCGAGGGCGAGCCCGTGCAGCTGCACGCGC GCGCCGTCGGCACGCCTACGCCACGCATCACATGGCAGAAGGACGGCGTTCAA GTTATACCCAATCCAGAGCTACGAATAAATACCGAAGGTGGGGCCTCGACGCTG GACATCCCTCGAGCCAAGGCGTCGGACGCGGGATGGTACCGATGCAC

TABLE 2-PX Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ PX001 SEQ ID NO: 2110 SEQ ID NO: 2111 SEQ ID NO: 2100 GGCCCCAAGAAG CTTCGTGCCCTTG GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGCCTGAACGCGCCGCGCGCATGGATGCT CATTTGAAGCG CCRATKATRAABA GGACAAGCTCGGCGGCGTGTACGCGCCGCGGCCCAGCACGGGCCCGCACA CG AGCTGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCTCGTCATCTTCCTGCAACCGCCTCAAGTAC GCGCTCAGCGGCAACGAGGTGCTGAAGATCGTGAAGCAGCGCCTCATCAA GGTGGACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGACCCCACCTACCCGGCTGGATTCATGG ATGTTGTGTCGATTGAAAAGACCAATGAGCTGTTCCGTCTGATCTACGATG TGAAGGGACGCTTCACCATCCACCGCATCACTCCCGAGGAGGCCAAGTAC AAGCTGTGCAAGGTGAAGCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCCGTA CATCGTGACGCACAACGGCCGCACGCTGCGCTACCCCGACCCGCTCATCA AGGTCAACGACTCCATCCAGCTCGACATCGCCACCTGCAAGATCATGGAC ATCATCAAGTTCGACTCAGGTAACCTGTGCATGATCACGGGAGGGCGTAA CTTGGGGCGAGTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGAGGCACCCCGGGAGCT TCGACATCGTCCACATCAAGGACACCACCGGACACACCTTCGCCACCAGG TTGAACAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCACGAAG PX009 SEQ ID NO: 2112 SEQ ID NO: 2113 SEQ ID NO: 2102 GCACGTTGATCT GCAGCCCACGCYY GCACGTTGATCTGGTACAAAGGAACCGGTTACGACAGCTACAAGTATTGG GGTACARRGGM TGCACTC GAGAACCAGCTCATTGACTTTTTGTCAGTATACAAGAAGAAGGGTCAGAC ACC AGCGGGTGCTGGTCAGAACATCTTCAACTGTGACTTCCGCAACCCGCCCCC ACACGGCAAGGTGTGCGACGTGGACATCCGCGGCTGGGAGCCCTGCATTG ATGAGAACCACTTCTCTTTCCACAAGTCTTCGCCTTGCATCTTCTTGAAGCT GAATAAGATCTACGGCTGGCGTCCAGAGTTCTACAACGACACGGCTAACC TGCCTGAAGCCATGCCCGTGGACTTGCAGACCCACATTCGTAACATTACTG CCTTCAACAGAGACTATGCGAACATGGTGTGGGTGTCGTGCCACGGCGAG ACGCCGGCGGACAAGGAGAACATCGGGCCGGTGCGCTACCTGCCCTACCC GGGCTTCCCCGGGTACTTCTACCCGTACGAGAACGCCGAGGGGTATCTGA GCCCGCTGGTCGCCGTGCATTTGGAGAGGCCGAGGACCGGCATAGTGATC AACATCGAGTGCAAAGCGTGGGCTGC PX010 SEQ ID NO: 2114 SEQ ID NO: 2115 SEQ ID NO: 2104 GTGGCTGCATAC CGCGGCTGCTCCA GTGGCTGCATACAGTTCATTACGCAGTACCAGCACTCTAGTGGACAACGTC AGTTCATTACGC TGAAYASYTG GCGTTCGGGTCACCACTGTCGCGCGCAATTGGGGCGACGCAGCCGCCAAC AG TTACACCACATATCGGCGGGCTTCGACCAGGAGGCGGCGGCGGTGGTGAT GGCGCGGCTGGTGGTGTACCGCGCGGAGCAGGAGGACGGGCCCGACGTGC TGCGCTGGCTCGACCGCATGCTCATACGCCTGTGCCAGAAGTTCGGCGAGT ACGCGAAGGACGACCCGAACAGCTTCCGTCTGTCGGAGAACTTCAGCCTG TACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCACCTGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTC AACAACTCGCCCGACGAGACCACCTTCTACAGACACATGCTGATGCGCGA AGACCTGACCCAATCCCTCATCATGATCCAGCCGATCCTCTACTCGTACAG CTTCGGAGGCGCGCCCGAACCCGTGCTGTTAGACACCAGCTCCATCCAGGC CGACCGCATCCTGCTCATGGACACCTTCTTCCAGATCCTCATCTACCATGG AGAGACAATGGCGCAATGGCGCGCTCTCCGCTACCAAGACATGGCTGAGT ACGAGAACTTCAAGCAGCTGCTGCGAGCGCCCGTGGACGACGCGCAGGAG ATCCTGCAGACCAGGTTCCCCGTGCCGCGGTACATTGATACAGAGCACGG CGGCTCACAGGCCCGGTTCTTGCTTTCCAAAGTGAATCCCTCTCAGACTCA CAACAACATGTACGCGTATGGCGGGGCGATGCCGATACCATCAGCGGACG GTGGCGCCCCCGTGTTGACGGATGACGTGTCGCTGCAAGTGTTCATGGAGC AGCCGCG PX015 SEQ ID NO: 2116 SEQ ID NO: 2117 SEQ ID NO: 2106 GCCGCAAGGAGA GCAATGGCATCAA GCCGCAAGGAGACCGTGTGCATTGTGCTGTCCGACGACAACTGCCCCGAC CBGTVTGC KYTCRTCRATG GAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGTCGTCCGGAACAACCTGCGAGTGCGCCT GTCAGACATTGTGTCCATCGCTCCTTGCCCGTCAGTGAAGTACGGCAAGAG AGTTCATATTCTGCCCATTGATGACTCTGTTGAGGGTTTGACTGGAAACCT GTTCGAAGTCTACCTGAAGCCGTACTTCATGGAGGCGTACCGGCCCATCCA CCGCGACGACACGTTCATGGTGCGCGGCGGCATGCGCGCCGTCGAGTTCA AGGTGGTGGAGACCGACCCCTCGCCCTACTGCATCGTGGCCCCCGACACG GTCATTCATTGTGAGGGAGAGCCGATTAAACGCGAGGAAGAAGAGGAGG CTCTCAACGCCGTCGGCTACGACGACATCGGCGGGTGCCGCAAGCAGCTG GCGCAGATCAAGGAGATGGTGGAGCTGCCGCTGCGCCACCCCTCGCTGTT CAAGGCCATCGGGGTCAAGCCGCCGCGGGGGATACTGATGTACGGGCCCC CGGGGACGGGGAAGACCTTGATCGCTAGGGCTGTCGCTAATGAGACGGGC GCATTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGGCCCCGAGATCATGTCGAAACTCGCCGGT GAATCCGAGTCGAACCTGCGCAAGGCGTTCGAGGAGGCGGACAAGAACTC TCCGGCCATCATCCTCATTGATGAACTTGATGCCATTGC PX016 SEQ ID NO: 2118 SEQ ID NO: 2119 SEQ ID NO: 2108 GTTCACCGGCGA CATCTCCTTGGGG GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCGCACGCCCGTCTCTGAGGACATGCTGGGTCG YATYCTGCG AAGATACGCAGC TATTTTCAACGGCTCCGGCAAGCCCATCGACAAGGGGCCCCCGATCCTGGC CGAGGAGTACCTGGACATCCAGGGGCAGCCCATCAACCCGTGGTCCCGTA TCTACCCGGAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTATCTCCGCTATCGACGTGATGA ACTCCATCGCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCCGCCGGTCTGC CCCACAACGAGATTGCTGCTCAGATCTGTAGGCAGGCTGGTCTTGTCAAGG TCCCCGGAAAATCCGTGTTGGACGACCACGAAGACAACTTCGCCATCGTG TTCGCCGCCATGGGAGTCAACATGGAGACCGCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGA CTTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGTCTGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGC CAATGACCCGACCATTGAGAGGATTATCACGCCGAGGTTGGCGCTGACTG CTGCCGAGTTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAACACGTGTTGGTAATCTTGA CCGACATGTCTTCATACGCGGAGGCTCTTCGTGAAGTGTCAGCCGCCCGTG AGGAGGTGCCCGGACGACGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACGGATTTG GCCACAATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGGCGAGTCGAGGGCCGCAACGGCTCCAT CACGCAGATCCCCATCCTGACCATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCACCCCAT CCCCGACTTGACCGGGTACATCACTGAGGGACAGATCTACGTGGACCGTC AGCTGCACAACAGGCAGATCTACCCGCCGGTGAATGTGCTCCCGTCGCTAT CTCGTCTCATGAAGTCCGCCATCGGAGAGGGCATGACCAGGAAGGACCAC TCCGACGTGTCCAACCAACTGTACGCGTGCTACGCCATCGGCAAGGACGT GCAGGCGATGAAGGCGGTGGTGGGCGAGGAGGCGCTCACGCCCGACGAC CTGCTCTACCTCGAGTTCCTCACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTCATCACACAG GGAAGCTACGAGAACCGCACAGTGTTCGAGTCGCTGGACATCGGCTGGCA GCCCCTGCGTATCTTCCCCAAGGAGATG

TABLE 2-AD Target Primer Forward Primer Reverse cDNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ AD001 SEQ ID NO: 2374 SEQ ID NO: 2375 SEQ ID NO: 2364 GGCCCCAAGAAGC CGCTTGTCCCG GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAATGCTCCTAAAGCATGGATGTTG ATTTGAAGCG CTCCTCNGCRAT GACAAACTCGGAGGAGTATTCGCTCCTCGCCCCAGTACTGGCCCCCACAAA TTGCGTGAATGTTTACCTTTGGTGATTTTTCTTCGCAATCGGCTCAAGTATGC TCTGACGAACTGTGAAGTAACGAAGATTGTTATGCAGCGACTTATCAAAGT TGACGGCAAGGTGCGAACCGATCCGAATTATCCCGCTGGTTTCATGGATGTT GTCACCATTGAGAAGACTGGAGAGTTCTTCAGGCTGGTGTATGATGTGAAA GGCCGTTTCACAATTCACAGAATTAGTGCAGAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCTC TGCAAGGTCAGGAGAGTTCAAACTGGGCCAAAAGGTATTCCATTCTTGGTG ACCCATGATGGCCGTACTATCCGTTATCCTGACCCAGTCATTAAAGTTAATG ACTCAATCCAATTGGATATTGCCACTTGTAAAATCATGGACCACATCAGATT TGAATCTGGCAACCTGTGTATGATTACTGGTGGACGTAACTTGGGTCGAGTG GGGACTGTTGTGAGTCGAGAACGTCACCCAGGCTCGTTTGATATTGTTCATA TCAAGGATACCCAAGGACATACTTTTGCCACAAGATTGAATAATGTATTCAT CATTGGAAAAGCTACAAAGCCTTACATTTCATTGCCAAAGGGTAAGGGTGT GAAATTGAGTATCGCCGAGGAGCGGGACAAGCG AD002 SEQ ID NO: 2376 SEQ ID NO: 2377 SEQ ID NO: 2366 GAGTTTCTTTAGTA GCAATGTCATC GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGGGAAGAAAGATGGAAAGGCTCCGAC AAGTATTCGGTGG CATCAKRTCRT CACTGGTGAGGCCATTCAGAAACTCAGAGAAACAGAAGAAATGTTAATCAA GTAC AAAGCAGGAATTTTTAGAGAAGAAAATCGAACAAGAAATCAATGTTGCAA AGAAAAATGGAACGAAAAATAAGCGAGCTGCTATTCAGGCTCTGAAAAGG AAAAAGAGGTATGAAAAACAATTGCAGCAAATTGATGGCACCTTATCCACA ATTGAAATGCAAAGAGAAGCTTTGGAGGGTGCTAATACTAATACAGCTGTA TTACAAACAATGAAATCAGCAGCAGATGCCCTTAAAGCAGCTCATCAGCAC ATGGATGTGGACAAGGTACATGACCTGATGGATGACATTGC AD009 SEQ ID NO: 2378 SEQ ID NO: 2379 SEQ ID NO: 2368 GAGTCCTAGCCGC CTGGATTCTCT GAGTCCTAGCCGCCTTGGTTGCAGTATGTTTATGGGTCTTCTTCCAGACACT VYTSGTKGC CCCTCGCAMG GGATCCTCGTATTCCCACCTGGCAGTTAGATTCTTCTATCATTGGCACATCA AHACC CCTGGCCTAGGTTTCCGGCCAATGCCAGAAGATAGCAATGTAGAGTCAACT CTCATCTGGTACCGTGGAACAGATCGTGATGACTTCCGTCAGTGGACAGAC ACCCTTGATGAATTTCTTGCTGTGTACAAGACTCCTGGTCTGACCCCTGGTC GAGGTCAGAACATCCACAACTGTGACTATGATAAGCCGCCAAAGAAAGGCC AAGTTTGCAATGTGGACATCAAGAATTGGCATCCCTGCATTCAAGAGAATC ACTACAACTACCACAAGAGCTCTCCATGCATATTCATCAAGCTCAACAAGA TCTACAATTGGATCCCTGAATACTACAATGAGAGTACGAATTTGCCTGAGCA GATGCCAGAAGACCTGAAGCAGTACATCCACAACCTGGAGAGTAACAACTC GAGGGAGATGAACACGGTGTGGGTGTCGTGCGAGGGAGAGAATCCAG AD015 SEQ ID NO: 2380 SEQ ID NO: 2381 SEQ ID NO: 2370 GGATGAACTACAG GTCCGTGGGA GGATGAACTACAGCTTTTCCGAGGAGATACAGTTCTTCTTAAAGGAAAAAG CTBTTCCGHGG YTCRGCHGCA GAGGAAAGAAACTGTATGCATAGTGTTATCAGATGATACATGTCCTGATGG ATC AAAAATAAGAATGAATAGAGTTGTACGCAACAATTTACGTGTTCGTTTGTCA GATGTTGTATCTGTACAACCTTGTCCTGATGTTAAGTATGGAAAAAGGATAC ATGTACTACCAATTGATGATACAGTTGAAGGACTAACCGGGAATTTGTTTGA GGTGTACTTAAAACCGTACTTTCTCGAAGCATACCGACCCATTCACAAAGAT GATGCGTTTATTGTTCGTGGTGGTATGCGAGCAGTAGAATTCAAAGTAGTGG AAACAGATCCTTCACCATATTGTATTGTTGCTCCTGATACTGTTATTCACTGT GAAGGTGATCCAATAAAACGTGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGCATTAAATGCTGT TGGTTATGATGACATTGGGGGTTGCCGAAAACAGCTAGCACAGATCAAGGA AATGGTGGAATTGCCATTACGGCACCCCAGTCTCTTTAAGGCTATTGGTGTT AAGCCACCGAGGGGAATACTGCTGTATGGACCCCCTGGAACTGGTAAAACC CTCATTGCCAGGGCTGTGGCTAATGAAACTGGTGCATTCTTCTTTTTAATAA ATGGTCCTGAAATTATGAGCAAGCTTGCTGGTGAATCTGAAAGCAACTTAC GTAAGGCATTTGAAGAAGCTGATAAGAATGCTCCGGCAATTATATTTATTGA TGAACTAGATGCAATTGCCCCTAAAAGAGAAAAAACTCATGGAGAGGTGGA ACGTCGCATAGTTTCACAACTACTAACTTTAATGGATGGTCTGAAGCAAAGT TCACATGTTATTGTTATGGCTGCCACAAATAGACCCAACTCTATTGATGGTG CCTTGCGCCGCTTTGGCAGATTTGATAGGGAAATTGATATTGGTATACCAGA TGCCACTGGTCGCCTTGAAATTCTTCGTATCCATACTAAGAATATGAAGTTA GCTGATGATGTTGATTTGGAACAGATTGCAGCCGAATCCCACGGAC AD016 SEQ ID NO: 2382 SEQ ID NO: 2383 SEQ ID NO: 2372 GTTCACCGGCGAY GGAATAGGAT GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCGCGTGCCCGTGTCCGAGGACATGCTGGGCCGC ATYCTGCG GGGTRATRTCG ACCTTCAACGGCAGCGGCATCCCCATCGACGGCGGCCCGCCCATCGTCGCA TCG GAGACCTACCTCGACGTCCAGGGCATGCCGATTAATCCTCAAACGCGCATC TACCCGGAAGAAATGATCCAGACGGGGATCTCGACCATCGACGTGATGACG TCCATCGCGCGAGGGCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCGGGCGCAGGGCTGCCA CACAACGAGATCGCTGCGCAGATCTGCCGACAGGCGGGGCTGGTGCAGCAC AAGGAGAACAAGGACGACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCGGCGATGGGCGTCAAC ATGGAGACGGCGCGCTTCTTCAAGCGCGAGTTCGCGCAGACGGGCGCGTGC AACGTGGTGCTGTTCCTCAACCTGGCCAACGACCCCACCATCGAGCGCATC ATCACCCCGCGCCTCGCGCTCACCGTGGCCGAGTTCCTGGCCTACCAGTGCA ACAAGCACGTGCTCGTCATCATGACCGACATGACCTCCTACGCGGAGGCGC TGCGCGAGGTGAGCGCGGCGCGCGAGGAGGTTCCTGGGCGAAGAGGCTTCC CAGGCTACATGTACACCGATCTCTCCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCTGGCCGTGT GCAAGGCCGCCCCGGCTCCATCACTCAGATCCCCATCCTGACGATGCCCAA CGACGACATCACCCATCCTATTC

TABLE 3-LD Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone LD001 1 SEQ ID NO: 2 (frame + 1) GPKKHLKRLNAPKAWMLDKLGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNSEVTKIVMQRLIKV DGKVRTDSNYPAGFMDVITIEKTGEFFRLIYDVKGRFAVHRITAEEAKYKLCKVRRMQTGPKGIPFIVTH DGRTIR LD002 3 SEQ ID NO: 4 (frame − 3) AMQALKRKKRLEKNQLQIDGTLTTIELQREALEGASTNTTVLESMKNAAEALKKAHKNLDVDNVHDM MDDI LD003 5 SEQ ID NO: 6 (frame − 2) PRRPYEKARLDQELKIIGEYGLRNKREVWRVKYTLAKIRKAARELLTLEEKDQRRLFEGNALLRRLVRIG VLDETRMKLDYVLGLKIEDFLERRLQTQVFKLGLAKSIHHARVLVRQRHIRVRKQVVNIPSFIVRLDSQK HIDFSLKSPFGGGRPGRVKRKNL LD006 7 SEQ ID NO: 8 (frame + 1) HNYGWQVLVASGVVEYIDTLEEETVMIAMNPEDLRQDKEYAYCTTYTHCEIHPAMILGVCASIIPFPDHN QSPRNTYQSAMGKQAMGVYITNFHVRMDTLAHVLYYPHKPLVTTRSMEYLRFRELPAGINSIVAIACYT GYNQEDSVILNASAVERGFFRSVFYRSYKDAESKRIGDQEEQFE LD007 9 SEQ ID NO: 10 (frame + 1) PKKDVKGTYVSIHSSGFRDFLLKPEILRAIVDCGFEHPSEVQHECIPQAVIGMDILCQAKSGMGKTAVFVL ATLQQLEPADNVVYVLVMCHTRELAFQISKEYERFSKYMPSVKVGVFFGGMPIANDEEVLKNKCPHIVV GTPGRILALVKSRKLVLKNLKHFILDECDKMLELLDMRRDVQEIYRNTPHTKQVMMFSATLSKEIRPVC KKFMQDPMEVYVDDEAKLTLHGLQQHYVKLKENEKNKKLFELLDVLEFNQVVIFVKSVQRCVALAQL LTEQNFPAIGIHRGMDQKERLSRYEQFKDFQKRILVATNLFGRGMDIERVNIVFNYDMPEDSDTYLH LD010 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 (frame + 1) VKCSRELKIQGGIGSCVSLNVKNPLVSDTEIGMGNTVQWKMCTVTPSTTMALFFEVVNQHSAPIPQGGR GCIQFITQYQHASGQKRIRVTTVARNWADASANIHHVSAGFDQEAAAVIMARMAVYRAESDDSPDVLR WVDRMLIRLCQKFGEYNKDDPNSFRLGENFSLYPQFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSFYRHMLMREDL TQSLIMIQPILYSYSFNGPPEPVLLDTSSIQPDRILLMDTFFQILIFHGETIAQW LD011 13 SEQ ID NO: 14 (frame − 1) PTFKCVLVGDGGTGKTTFVKRHMTGEFEKRYVATLGVEVHPLVFHTNRGPIRFNVWDTAGQEKFGGLR DGYYIQGQCAIIMFDVTSRVTYKNVPNWHRDLVRVCENIPIVLCGNKVDIKDRKVKAKSIVFHRKKNLQ YYDISAKSNYNFEKPFLWLARKLIGDPNLEFVAMPALLP LD014 15 SEQ ID NO: 16 (frame + 3) QIKHMMAFIEQEANEKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQQQRLKIMEYYEKKEKQVELQKKIQSSNMLNQA RLKVLKVREDHVRTVLEEARKRLGQVTNDQGKYSQILESLILQGLYQLFEKDVTIRVRPQDRELVKSIIPT VTNKYKDATGKDIHLKIDDEIHLSQETTGGIDLLAQKNKIKISNTMEARLELISQQLLPEI LD015 17 SEQ ID NO: 18 (frame − 1) RHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILLYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAGESESNLRKAFEEADKN SPAIIFIDELDAI LD016 19 SEQ ID NO: 20 (frame − 2) TVSGVNGPLVILEDVKFPKYNEIVQLKLADGTIRSGQVLEVSGSKAVVQVFEGTSGIDAKNTACEFTGDIL RTPVSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDFLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGITAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIF SAAGLPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKIPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLF LNLANDPTIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTD LATIYERAGRVEGRNGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPI LD018 21 SEQ ID NO: 22 (frame + 2) TWFKDGQRITESQKYESTFSNNQASLRVKQAQSEDSGHYTLLAENPQGCIVSSAYLAIEPVTTQEGLIHES TFKQQQTEMEQIDTSKTLAPNFVRVCGDRDVTEGKMTRFDCRVTGRPYPDVTWYINGRQVTDDHNHKI LVNESGNHALMITTVSRNDSGVVTCVARNKTGETSFQCNLNVIEKEQVVAPKFVERFTTVNVAEGEPVS LRARAVGTPVPRITWQRDGAPLASGPDVRIAIDGGASTLNISRAKASDAAWYRC LD027 23 SEQ ID NO: 24 (frame + 1) HGGDKPYLISGADDRLVKIWDYQNKTCVQTLEGHAQNVTAVCFHPELPVALTGSEDGTVRVWHTNTH RLENCLNYGFERVWTICCLKGSNNVSLGYDEGSILVKVGREEPAVSMDASGGKIIWARHSELQQANLKA LPEGGEIRDGERLPVSVKDMGACEIYPQTIQHNPNGRFVVVCGDGEYIIYTAMALRNKAFGSAQEFVWA QDSSEYAIRESGSTIRIFKNFKERKNFKSDFSAEGIYGGFLLGIKSVSGLTFYDWETLDLVRRIEIQPRAVY WSDSGKLVCLATEDSYFILSYDSEQVQKARENNQVAEDGVEAAFDVLGEMNESVRTGLWVGDCFIYT

TABLE 3-PC Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone PC001 247 SEQ ID NO: 248 (frame + 1) AWMLDKLGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNSEVTKIVMQRLIKVDGKVRTDSNYPAG FMDVITIEKTGEFFRLIYDVKGRFAVHRITAEEAKYKLCKVRRVQTGPKGIPFLVTHDGRTIRYPDPNIKV NDTIQMEIATSKILDYIKFES PC003 249 SEQ ID NO: 250 (frame: + 2) PRRPYEKARLDQELKIIGAFGLRNKREVWRVKYTLAKIRKAARELLTLEEKEPKRLFEGNALLRRLVRIG VLDENRMKLDYVLGLKIEDFLERRLQTQVFKSGLAKSIHHARVLIRQRHIRVRKQVVNIPSFIVRLDSQK HIDFSLKSPFGGGRPGRV PC005 251 SEQ ID NO: 252 (frame + 3) PNEINEIANTNSRQNIRKLIKDGLIIKKPVAVHSRARVRKNTEARRKGRHCGFGKRKGTANARMPQKEL WVQRMRVLRRLLKKYREAKKIDRHLYHALYMKAKGNVFRNKRVLMEYIHKKKAEKARAKMLSDQA NARRLKVKQARERRE PC010 253 SEQ ID NO: 254 (frame + 3) LKDSLQMSLSLLPPNALIGLITFGKMVQVHELGTEGCSKSYVFCGTKDLTAKQVQEMLGIGKGSPNPQQ QPGQPGRPGQNPQAAPVPPGSRFLQPVSKCDMNLTDLIGELQKDPWPVHQGKRPLRSTGAALSIAVGLL ECTYPNTGGRIMIFLGGPCSQGPGQVLNDDLKQPIRSHHDIHKDNAKYMKKAIKHYDHLAMRAATNSH CIDIYSCALDQTGLMEMKQCCNSTGGHMVMGDSFNSSLFKQTFQRVFSKDPKNDLKMAFNATLEVKCS RELKVQGGIGSCVSLNVKSPLVSDTELGMGNTVQWKLCTLAPSSTVALFFEVVNQHSAPIPQGGRGCIQL ITQYQHASGQRRIRVTTIARNWADATANIHHISAGFDQEAAAVVMARMAGYKAESDETPDVLRWVDR MLIRLCQKFGEYNKDDPNSFRLGENFSLYPQFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSFYRHMLMREDLTQSLI MIQPILYSYSFNGPPEPVLLDTSSIQPDRILLMDTFFQILIFHGETIAQW PC014 255 SEQ ID NO: 256 (frame + 3) DVQKQIKHMMAFIEQEANEKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQQQRLKIMEYYEKKEKQVELQKKIQSSNM LNQARLKVLKVREDHVRAVLEDARKSLGEVTKDQGKYSQILESLILQGLFQLFEKEVTVRVRPQDRDLV RSILPNVAAKYKDATGKDILLKVDDESHLSQEITGGVDLLAQKNKIKISNTMEARLDLIA PC016 257 SEQ ID NO: 258 (frame + 2) LVILEDVKFPKFNEIVQLKLADGTLRSGQVLEVSGSKAVVQVFEGTSGIDAKNTVCEFTGDILRTPVSED MLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDYLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGITAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIFSAAGLPH NEIAAQICRQAGLVKVPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLFLNLAND PTIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTDLATIYER AGRVEGRNGSITQIPILTMP PC027 259 SEQ ID NO: 260 (frame + 1) QANLKVLPEGAEIRDGERLPVTVKDMGACEIYPQTIQHNPNGRFVVVCGDGEYIIYTAMALRNKAFGSA QEFVWAQDSSEYAIRESGSTIRIFKNFKEKKNFKSDFGAEGIYGGFLLGVKSVSGLAFYDWETLELVRRIE IQPRAIYWSDSGKLVCLATEDSYFILSYDSDQVQKARDNNQVAEDGVEAAFDVLGEINESVRTGLWVGD CFIYTNAVNRINYFVGGELVTIAHLDRPLYVLGYVPRDDRLYLVDKELGVVSYXIAIICTRISDCSHATRL PNG*SSIAFNSK

TABLE 3-EV Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone EV005 513 SEQ ID NO: 514 (frame + 3) RCGKKKVWLDPNEITEIANTNSRQNIRKLIKDGLIIKKPVAVHSRARVRKNTEARRKGRHCGFGKRKGTAN ARMPRKELWIQRMRVLRRLLKKYREAKKIDRHLYHALYMKAKGNVFKNKRVMMDYIHKKKAEKARTK MLNDQADARRLKVKEARKRREERIATKKQ EV009 515 SEQ ID NO: 516 (frame + 1) PTLDPSIPKYRTEESIIGTNPGMGFRPMPDNNEESTLIWLQGSNKTNYEKWKMNLLSYLDKYYTPGKIEKGN IPVKRCSYGEKLIRGQVCDVDVRKWEPCTPENHFDYLRNAPCIFLKLNRIYGWEPEYYNDPNDLPDDMPQQ LKDHIRYNITNPVERNTVWVTCAGENPADVEYLGPVKYYPSFQGFPGYYFPYLNSEGYLSPLLAVQFKRPV SGIVINIECKAWA EV010 517 SEQ ID NO: 518 (frame + 3) GGHMVMGDSFNSSLFKQTFQRVFSKDSNGDLKMSFNAILEVKCSRELKVQGGIGPCVSLNVKNPLVSDLEI GMGNTVQWKLCSLSPSTTVALFFEVVNQHAAPIPQGGRGCIQFITQYQHSSGQKKIRVTTIARNWADATAN IHHISAGFDEQTAAVLMARIAVYRAETDESSDVLRWVDRMLIRLCQKFGEYNKDDTNSFRLSENFSLYPQF MYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSFYRHMLMREDRNQ EV015 519 SEQ ID NO: 520 (frame + 1) RHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILLYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAGESESNLRKAFEEADKNSP AIIFIDELDAIAPKREKTHGEVERRIVSQLLTLMDGMKKSSHVIVMAATNRPNSIDPALRRFGRFDREIDIGIP DATGRLEVLRIHTKNMKLADDVDLEQIAAETHGHVGADLASLCSEAALQQIREKMDLIDLDDEQIDAEVLN SLAVTMENFRYAMSKSSPSALRETV EV016 521 SEQ ID NO: 522 (frame + 2) TVSGVNGPLVILDSVKFPKFNEIVQLKLSDGTVRSGQVLEVSGQKAVVQVFEGTSGIDAKNTLCEFTGDILR TPVSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDFLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGISAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIFSAA GLPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKIPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLFLNLAN DPTIERIITPRLTLTAAEFMAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAA

TABLE 3-AG Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone AG001 601 SEQ ID NO: 602 (frame + 1) HLKRFAAPKAWMLDKLGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNCEVTKIVMQRLIKVDGKVRT DPNYPAGFMDVITIEKTGEFFRLIYDVKGRFTIHRITAEEAKYKLCKVRKVQTGPKGIPFLVTHDGRTIRYPD PMIKVNDTIQLEIATSKILDFIKFESGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGTVVNRERHPGSFDIVHIRDANDHVFATRLNN VFVIGKGSKAFVSLPRGKGVKLSIA AG005 603 SEQ ID NO: 604 (frame + 2) VWLDPNEINEIANTNSRQNIRKLIKDGLIIKKPVAVHSRARVRKNTEARRKGRHCGFGKRKGTANARMPQK ELWIQRMRVLRRLLKKYREAKKIDRHLYHALYMKAKGNVFKNRVLMEYIHKKKAEKARAKMLADQAN ARRQKVKQVP*EEGRAYRREEAG AG010 605 SEQ ID NO: 606 (frame + 3) GGHMLMGDSFNSSLFKQTFQRVFAKDQNGHLKMAFNGTLEVKCSRELKVQGGIGSCVSLNVKSPLVADTE IGMGNTVQWKMCTFNPSTTMALFFEVVNQHSAPIPQGGRGCIQFITQYQHSSGQRRIRVTTIARNWADASA NIHHISAGFDQERAAVIMARMAVYRAETDESPDVLRWVDRMLIRLCQKFGEYNKDDQASFRLGENFSLYP QFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSFYRHMLMREDLTQSLIMIQPILYSYSFNGPPEPVLLDTSSIQPDRILLMD TFFQILIFHGETIAQW AG014 607 SEQ ID NO: 608 (frame + 3) QIKHMMAFIEQEANEKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQQQRLKIMEYYEKKEKQVELQKKIQSSNMLNQARL KVLKVREDHVRAVLDEARKKLGEVTRDQGKYAQILESLILQGLYQLFEANVTVRVRPQDRTLVQSVLPTIA TKYRDVTGRDVHLSIDDETQLSESVTGGIELLCKQNKIKVCNTLEARLDLISQQLVPQIRNALFGRNINRKF AG016 609 SEQ ID NO: 610 (frame + 1) VSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDFLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGISAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIFSAAGL PHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKLPGKSVIDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLFLNLANDP TIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTDLATIYERAG RVEGRNGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPI

TABLE 3-TC Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone TC001 793 SEQ ID NO: 794 (frame + 1) GPKKHLKRLNAPKAWMLDKLGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNSEVTKIVMQRLIKV DGKVRTDPNYPAGFMDVVTIEKTGEFFRLIYDVKGRFTIHRITGEEAKYKLCKVKKVQTGPKGIPFLVTR DGRTIRYPDPMIKVNDTIQLEIATSKILDFIKFESGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGTVVSRERHPGSFDIVHIKDAN GHTFATRLNNVFIIGKGSKPYVSLPRGKGVKLSI TC002 795 SEQ ID NO: 796 (frame + 1) QEFLEAKIDQEILTAKKNASKNKRAAIQAIKRKKRYEKQLQQIDGTLSTIEMQREALEGANTNTAVLKTM KNAADALKNAHLNMDVDEVHDMMDDI TC010 797 SEQ ID NO: 798 (frame + 3) PEVLVFGHVLVLEVPPLGDCLTVENQNLEKCVHEKDPIGLNGTSVEEDGFRGAVETITVQNRLDHNETL GEVLPHQHVAVERGLVWGVVENLEELGAAQMVHELGIETEVFTQTETVRVVFVVFAEF TC014 799 SEQ ID NO: 800 (frame + 1) EKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQQQRLKIMEYYEKKEKPVELQKKIQSSNMLNQARLKVLKVREDHVHN VLDDARKRLGEITNDQARYSQLLESLILQSLYQYLGISDELFENNIVVRVRQQDRSIIQGILPVVATKYRD ATGKDVHLKIDDESHLPSETTGGVVLYAQKGKIKIDNTLEARLDLIAQQLVPEIRTALFGRNIRKF TC015 801 SEQ ID NO: 802 (frame + 2) DELQLFRGDTVLLKGKRRKETVCIVLADENCPDEKIRMNRIVRNNLRVRLSDVVWIQPCPDVKYGKRIH VLPIDDTVEGLVGNLFEVYLKPYFLEAYRPIHKGDVFIVRGGMRAVEFKVVETEPSPYCIVAPDTVIHCD GDPIKREEEEEALNAVGYDDIGGCRKQLAQIKEMVELPLRHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILLYGPPGTGKTLIAR AVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAGESESNLRKAFEEADKNSPAIIFIDELDAIAPKREKTHGEVERRIVSQLL TLMDGMKKSSHVIVMAATNRPNSIDPALRRFGRFD

TABLE 3-MP Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone MP001 888 SEQ ID NO: 889 (frame + 1) GPKKHLKRLNAPKAWMLDKSGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLLIFLRNRLKYALTGAEVTKIVMQRLIKVDG KVRTDPNYPAGMDVISIQKTSEHFRLIYDVKGRFTIHRITPEEAKYKLCKVKRVQTGPKGVPFLTTHDGRTI RYPDPNIKVNDTIRYDIASSKILDHIRFETGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGIVTNRERHPGSFDIVHIKDANEHIFATR MNNVFIIGKGQKNYISLPRSKGVKLT MP002 890 SEQ ID NO: 891 (frame + 2) SFFSKVFGGKKEEKGPSTEDAIQKLRSTEEMLIKKQEFLEKKIEQEVAIAKKNGTNKRAALQALKRKKRYE QQLAQIDGTMLTIEQQREALEGANTNTAVLTTMKTAADALKSAHQNMNVDDVHDLMDDI MP010 892 SEQ ID NO: 893 (frame + 3) GCIQFITQYQHSSGYKRIRVTTLARNWADPVQNMMHVSAAFDQEASAVLMARMVVNRAETEDSPDVMR WADRTLIRLCQKFGDYQKDDPNSFRLPENFSLYPQFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSYYRHMLMREDVTQ SLIMIQPILYSYSFNGRPEPVLLDTSSIQPDKILLMDTFFHILIFHGETIAQWRAMDYQNRPEYSNLKQLLQAP VDDAQEILKTRFPMPRYIDTEQGGSQARFLLCKVNPSQTHNNMYAYGG*WWSTSFDR*CKLAAVHGAAA MP016 894 SEQ ID NO: 895 (frame + 1) VSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDYLDIEGQPINPYSRTYPQEMIQTGISAIDIMNSIARGQKIPIFSAAGL PHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKKPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLFLNLAND PTIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTDLATIYERAG RVEGRNGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPI MP027 896 SEQ ID NO: 897 (frame + 3) PITKTRRVFRH*KAMLKIFLLVCFHPELPIVLTGSEDGTVRIWHSGTYRLESSLNYGLERVWTICCLRGSNNV ALGYDEGSIMVKVGREEPAMSMDVHGGKIVWARHSEIQQANLKAMLQAEGAEIKDGERLPIQVKDMGSC EIYPQSISHNPNGRFLVVCGDGEYIIYTSMALRNKAFGSAQDFVWSSDSEYAIRENSSTIKVFKNFKEKKSFK PEGGADGIFGGYLLGVKSVTGLALYDWENGNLVRRIETQPKHVFWSESGELVCLATDEAYFILRFDVNVLS AARASNYEAASPDGLEDAFEILGEVQEVVKTGLWVGDCFIYTNGVNRINYYVGGEVVTVS

TABLE 3-NL Target cDNA SEQ ID ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone NL001 1071 SEQ ID NO: 1072 (frame + 2) KSWMLDKLGGVYAPRPSTGPHKLRESLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNCEVKKIVMQRLIKVDGKVRTDPNYPAGFM DVVQIEKTNEFFRLIYDVKGRFTIHRITAEEAKYKLCKVKRVQTGPKGIPFLTTHDGRTIRYPDPLVKVNDTIQL DIATSKIMDFIRFDSGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGTVVNRERHPGSFDIVHIKDVLGHTFATRLNNVFIIGKGSKAYV SLPKGKGVKLS NL002 1073 SEQ ID NO: 1074 (frame + 1) DEKGPTTGEAIQKLRETEEMLIKKQDFLEKKIEVEIGVARKNGTKNKRAAIQALKRKKRYEKQLQQIDGTLSTI EMQREALEGANTNTAVLQTMKNAADALKAAHQHMDVDQ NL003 1075 SEQ ID NO: 1076 (frame + 2) PRRPYEKARLEQELKIIGEYGLRNKREVWRVKYALAKIRKAARELLTLEEKDQKRLFEGNALLRRLVRIGVLD EGRMKLDYVLGLKIEDFLERRLQTQVYKLGLAKSIHHARVLIRQRHI RVRKQVVNIPSFVVRLDSQKHIDFSLKSPFGGGRPGRV NL004 1077 SEQ ID NO: 1078 (frame + 1) KELAAVRTVCSHIENMLKGVTKGFLYKMRAVYHFPINCVTTENNSVIEVRNFLGEKYIRRVRMAPGVTVTN STKQKDELIVEGNSIEDVSRSAALIQQSTTVKNKDIRKFLD NL005 1079 SEQ ID NO: 1080 (frame + 1) LDPNEINEIANTNSRQSIRKLIKDGLIIKKPVAVHSRARVRKNTEARRKGRHCGFGKRKGTANARMPQKLWV NRMRVLRRLLKKYRQDKKIDRHLYHHLYMKAKGNVFKNKRVLMEFIH KKKAEKARMKMLNDQAEARRQKVKEAKKRRE NL006 1081 SEQ ID NO: 1082 (frame + 3) VLVSSGVVEYIDTLEEETTMIAMSPDDLRQDKEYAYCTTYTHCEIHPAMILGVCASIIPFPDHNQSPRNTYQSA MGKQAMGVYITNFHVRMDTLAHVLFYPHKPLVTTRSMEYLRFRELPAGINSVVAIACYTGYNQEDSVILNAS AVERGFFRSVFFRSYKDAESKRIGDQEEQFEKPTRQTCQGMRNAIYDKLDDDGIIAPGLRVSGDDVVIGKTITL PDNDDELEGTIKRFTKRDASTFLRNSETGIVDQVMLTLNSEGYKFCKIRVRSVRIPQIGDKFASRHGQKGTCGI QYRQEDMPFTSEGIAPDIIINPHAIPSRMTIGHLIECLQGKVSSNKGEIGDATPFN NL007 1083 SEQ ID NO: 1084 (frame + 2) FRDFLLKPEILRAILDCGFEHPSEVQHECIPQAVLGMDILCQAKSGMGKTAVFVLATLQQIEPTDNQVSVLVMC HTRELAFQISKEYERFSKCMPNIKVGVFFGGLPIQRDEETLKLNCPHIVVGTPGRILALVRNKKLDLKHLKHFV LDECDKMLELLDMRRDVQEIFRNTPHSKQVMMFSATLSKEIRPVCKKFMQDPMEVYVDDEAKLTLHGLQQH YVKLKENEKNKKLFELLDILEFNQVVIFVKSVQRCMALSQLLTEQNFPAVAIHRGMTQEERLKKYQEFKEFLK RILVATNLFGRGMDIERVNIVFNYDMP NL008 1085 SEQ ID NO: 1086 (frame + 1) GRIENQKRVVGVLLGCWRPGGVLDVSNSFAVPFDEDDKEKNVWFLDHDYLENMFGMFKKVNAREKVVGW YHTGPKLHQNDVAINELIRRYCPNCVLVIIDAKPKDLGLPTEAYRVVEEIHDDGSPTSKTFEHVMSEIGAEEAE EIGVEHLLRDIKDTTVGSLSQRVTNQLMGLKGLHLQLQDMRDYLNQVVEGKLPMNHQIVYQLQDIFNLLPDI GHGNFVDSLY NL009 1087 SEQ ID NO: 1088 (frame + 1) CDYDRPPGRGQVCDVDVKNWFPCTSENNFNYHQSSPCVFLKLNKIIGWQPEYYNETEGFPDNMPGDLKRHIA QQKSINKLFMQTIWITCEGEGPLDKENAGEIQYIPRQGFPGYFYPYTNA NL010 1089 SEQ ID NO: 1090 (amino terminus end) (frame + 2) SSRLEATRLVVPVGCLYQPLKERPDLPPVQYDPVLCTRNTCRAILNPLCQVDYRAKLWVCNFCFQRNPFPPQY AAISEQHQPAELIPSFSTIEYIITRAQTMPPMFVLVVDTCLDDEELGALKDSLQMSLSLLPPNALIGLITFGKMVQ VHELGCDGCSKSYVFRGVKDLTAKQIQDMLGIGKMAAAPQPMQQRIPGAAPSAPVNRFLQPVGKCDMSLTD LLGELQRDPWNVAQGKRPLR STGVALSIAVGLLECT 1115 SEQ ID NO: 1116 (carboxy terminus end) (frame + 3) LNVKGSCVSDTDIGLGGTSQWKMCAFTPHTTCAFFFEVVNQHAAPIPQGGRGCIQFITQYQHSSGQRRIRVTTI ARNWADASTNLAHISAGFDQEAGAVLMARMVVHRAETDDGPDVMRWADRMLIRLCQRFGEYSKDDPNSFR LPENFTLYPQFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETSYYRHILMREDLTQSLIMIQPILYSYSFNGPPEPVLLDTSSIQPD RILLMDTFFQILIFHGETIA NL011 1091 SEQ ID NO: 1092 (frame + 2) DGGTGKTTFVKRHLTGEFEKKYVATLGVEVHPLVFHTNRGVIRFNVWDTAGQEKFGGLRDGYYIQGQCAIIM FDVTSRVTYKNVPNWHRDLVRVCENIPIVLCGNKVDIKDRKVKAKSIVFHRKKNLQYYDISAKSNYNFEKPFL WLAKKLIGDPNLEFVAMPALLPPEVTMDPQX NL012 1093 SEQ ID NO: 1094 (frame + 2) QQTQAQVDEVVDIMKTNVEKVLERDQKLSELDDRADALQQGASQFEQQAGKLKRKF NL013 1095 SEQ ID NO: 1096 (frame + 2) AEQVYISSLALLKMLKHGRAGVPMEVMGLMLGEFVDDYTVRVIDVFAMPQSGTGVSVEAVDPVFQAKMLD MLKQTGRPEMVVGWYHSHPGFGCWLSGVDINTQESFEQLSKRAVAVVV NL014 1097 SEQ ID NO: 1098 (frame + 2) FIEQEANEKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQHQRLKIMEYYDRKEKQVELQKKIQSSNMLNQARLKALKVRED HVRSVLEESRKRLGEVTRNPAKYKEVLQYLIVQGLLQLLESNVVLRVR EADVSLIEGIVGSCAEQYAKMTGKEVVVKLDADNFLAAETCGGVELFARNGRIKIPNTLESRLDLISQQLVPEI RVALF NL015 1099 SEQ ID NO: 1100 (frame + 1) IVLSDETCPFEKIRMNRVVRKNLRVRLSDIVSIQPCPDVKYGKRIHVLPIDDTVEGLTGNLFEVYLKPYFLEAYR PIHKDDAFIVRGGMRAVEFKVVETDPSPYCIVAPDTVIHCEGDPIKREDEEDAANAVGYDDIGGCRKQLAQIK EMVELPLRHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILLYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAGESESNLRKAFEE ADKNAPAIIFIDELDAIAPKREKTHGEVERRIVSQLLTLMDGLKQSSHVIVMAATNRPNSIDAALRRFGRFDREI DIGIPDATGRLEVLRIHTKNMKLADDVDLEX NL016 1101 SEQ ID NO: 1102 (frame + 2) TPVSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDYLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGISAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIFSAAG LPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKLPGKSVLDDSEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMTETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLFLNLANDP TIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTDLATIYERAGRV EGRNGSIT NL018 1103 SEQ ID NO: 1104 (frame + 2) MQMPVPRPQIESTQQFIRSEKTTYSNGFTTIEEDFKVDTFEYRLLREVSFRESLIRNYLHEADMQMSTVVDRAL GPPSAPHIQQKPRNSKIQEGGDAVFSIKLSANPKPRLVWFKNGQRIGQTQKHQASYSNQTATLKVNKVSAQDS GHYTLLAENPQGCTVSSAYLAVESAGTQDTGYSEQYSRQEVETTEAVDSSKMLAPNFVRVPADRDASEGKM TRFDCRVTGRPYPDVAWFINGQQVADDATHKILVNESGNHSLMITGVTRLDHGVVGCIARNKAGETSFQCNL NVIEKELVVAPKFVERFAQVNVKEGEPVVLSARAVGTPVPRITWQKDGAPIQSGPSVSLFVDGGATSLDIPYA KAS NL019 1105 SEQ ID NO: 1106 (frame + 2) DDTYTESYISTIGVDFKIRTIDLDGKTIKLQIWDTAGQERFRTITSSYYRGAHGIIVVYDCTDQESFNNLKQWLE EIDRYACDNVNKLLVGNKCDQTNKKVVDYTQAKEYADQLGIPFLETSAKNATNVEQAF NL021 1107 SEQ ID NO: 1108 (frame + 2) VSLNSVTDISTTFILKPQENVKITLEGAQACFISHERLVISLKGGELYVLTLYSDSMRSVRSFHLEKAAASVLTT CICVCEENYLFLGSRLGNSLLLRFTEKELNLIEPRAIESSQSQNPAKKKKLDTLGDWMASDVTEIRDLDELEVY GSETQTSMQIASYIF NL022 1109 SEQ ID NO: 1110 (frame + 2) TLHREFLSEPDLQSYSVMIIDEAHERTLHTDILFGLVKDVARFRPDLKLLISSATLDAQKFSEFFDDAPIFRIPGR RFPVDIYYTKAPEADYVDACVVSILQIHATQPLGDILVFLTGQEEIETCQELLQDRVRRLGPRIKELLILPVYSNL PSDMQAKIFLPTPPNARKVVLATNIAETSLTIDNIIYVIDPGFCKQNNFNSRTGMESLVVVPVSKASANQRAGR AGRVAAGKCFRLYT NL023 1111 SEQ ID NO: 1112 (frame + 2) RSFSQERQHEEMKESSGRMHHSDPLIVETHSGHVRGISKTVLGREVHVFTGIPFAKPPIGPLRFRKPVPVDPWH GVLDATALPNSCYQERYEYFPGFEGEEMWNPNTNLSEDCLYLNIWVPHRLRIRHRANSEENKPRAKVPVLIWI YGGGYMSGTATLDVYDADMVAATSDVIVASMQYRVGAFGFLYLAQDLPRGSEEAPGNMGLWDQALAIRW LKDNIAAFGGDPELMTLFGESAGGGSVSIHLVSPITRGLARRGIMQSGTMNAPWSFMTAERATEIAKTLIDDCG CNSSLLTDAPSRVMSCMRSVEAKIISVQQWNSYSGILGLPSAPTIDGIFLPKHPLDLLKEGDFQDTEILIGSNQDE GTYFILYDFIDFFQKDGPSFLQRDKFLDIINTIFKNMTKIEREAIIFQYTDWEHVMDGYLNQKMIGDVVGDYFFI CPTNHFAQAFAEHGKKVYYYFFTQRTSTSLWGEWMGVMHGDEIEYVFGHPLNMSLQFNARERDLSLRIMQA YSRFALTGKPVPDDVNWPIYSKDQPQYYIFNAETSGTGRGPRATACAF NL027 1113 SEQ ID NO: 1114 (frame + 2) PIVLTGSEDGTVRIWHSGTYRLESSLNYGLERVWTICCMRGSNNVALGYDEGSIMVKVGREEPAISMDVNGE KIVWARHEIQQVNLKAMPEGVEIKDGERLPVAVKDMGSCEIYPQTIAHNPNGRFLVVCGDGEYIIHTSMVLR NKAFGSAQEFIWGQDSSEYAIREGTSTVKVFKNFKEKKSFKPEFGAESIFGGYLLGVCSLSGLALYDWETLELV RRIEIQPKHVYWSESGELVALATDDSYFVLRYDAQAVLAARDAGDDAVTPDGVEDAFEVLGEVHETVKTGL WVGDCFIYT

TABLE 3-CS Target cDNA ID SEQ ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone CS001 1682 SEQ ID NO: 1683 (frame + 1) KAWMLDKLGGVYAPRPSTGPHKLRECLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTGNEVLKIVKQRLIKVDGKVRTDPTYP AGFMDVVSIEKTNELFRLIYDVKGRFTIHRITPEEAKYKLCKVRRVATGPKNVPYLVTHDGRTVRYPDP LIKVNDSIQLDIATSKIMDFIKFESGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGTIVSRERHPGSFDIVHIRDSTGHTFATRLNN VFIIGKGTKAYISLPRGKGVRLT CS002 1684 SEQ ID NO: 1685 (frame + 1) SFFSKVFGGKKEEKGPSTHEAIQKLRETEELLQKKQEFLERKIDTELQTARKHGTKNKRAAIAALKRKK RYEKQLTQIDGTLTQIEAQREALEGANTNTQVLNTMRDAATAMRLAHKDIDVDKVHDLMDDI CS003 1686 SEQ ID NO: 1687 (frame + 1) GLRNKREVWRVKYTLARIRKAARELLTLEEKDPKRLFEGNALLRRLVRIGVLDEKQMKLDYVLGLKIE DFLERRLQTQVFKAGLAKSIHHARILIRQRHIRVRKQVVNIPSFIVRLDSGKHIDFSLKSPFGGGRP CS006 1688 SEQ ID NO: 1689 (frame + 1) TCQGMRNALYDKLDDDGIIAPGIRVSGDDVVIGKTITLPENDDELEGTSRRYSKRDASTFLRNSETGIVD QVMLTLNSEGYKFCKIRVRSVRIPQIGDKFASRHGQKGTCGIQYRQEDMPFTCEGLTPDIIINPHAIPSRM TIGHLIECIQGKVSSNKGEIGDATPFNDAVNVQKI CS007 1690 SEQ ID NO: 1691 (frame + 3) SEISCWNQRFWGLSSIAVSSTLQKFNMNVFPKLFWEWIFFVKAKSGMGKTAVFVLATLQQLEPSENHV YVLVMCHTRELAFQISKEYERFSKYMAGVRVSVFFGGMPIQKDEEVLKTACPHIVVGTPGRILALVNN KKLNLKHLKHFILDECDKMLESLDMRRDVQEIFRNTPHGKQVMMFSATLSKEIRPVCKKFMQDPMEV YVDDEAKLTLHGLQQHYVKLKENEKNKKLFELLDVLEFNQVVIFVKSVQRCIALAQLLTDQNFPAIGIH RNMTQDERLSRYQQFKDFQKRILVATNLFGRGMDIERVNIVFNYDMP CS009 1692 SEQ ID NO: 1693 (frame + 1) LVAICIWTFLQRLDSREPMWQLDESIIGTNPGLGFRPTPPEVASSVIWYKGNDPNSQQFWVQETSNFLTA YKRDGKKAGAGQNIHNCDFKLPPPAGKVCDVDISAWSPCVEDKHFGYHKSTPCIFLKLNKIFGWRPHF YNSSDSLPTDMPDDLKEHIRNMTAYDKNYLNMVWVSCEGENP CS011 1694 SEQ ID NO: 1695 (frame + 1) GSGKTTFVKRHLTGEFEKRYVATLGVEVHPLVFHTNRGPIRFNVWDTAGQEKFGGLRDGYYIQGQCAI IMFDVTSRVTYKNVPNWHRDLVRVCEGIPIVLCGNKVDIKDRKVKAKTIVFHRKKNLQYYDISAKSNY NFEKPFLWLARKLIGDGNLEFVAMQPCFH CS013 1696 SEQ ID NO: 1697 (frame + 2) DAPVVDTAEQVYISSLALLKMLKHGRAGVPMEVMGLMLGEFVDDYTVRVIDVFAMPQTGTGVSVEA VDPVFQAKMLDMLKQTGRPEMVVGWYHSHPGFGCWLSGVDINTQQSFEALSERAVAVVVDPIQSVKG CS014 1698 SEQ ID NO: 1699 (frame + 2) QKQIKHMMAFIEQEANEKAEEIDAKAEEEFNIEKGRLVQQQRLKIMEYYEKKEKQVELQKKIQSSNML NQARLKVLKVREDHVRNVLDEARKRLAEVPKDVKLYTDLLVTLVVQALFQLMEPTVTVRVRQADVS LVQSILGKAQQDYKAKIKKDVQLKIDTENSLPADTCGGVELIAARGRIKISNTLESRLELIAQQLLPEIRT ALF CS015 1700 SEQ ID NO: 1701 (frame + 1) IVLSDDNCPDEKIRMNRVVRNNLRVRLSDIVSIAPCPSVKYGKRVHILPIDDSVEGLTGNLFEVYLKPYF MEAYRPIHRDDTFMVRGGMRAVEFKVVETDPSPYCIVAPDTVIHCEGDPIKREEEEEALNAVGYDDIGG CRKQLAQIKEMVELPLRHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILMYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKL AGESESNLRKAFEEADKNSPAIIFIDELDAIAPKREKTHGEVERRIVSQLLTLMDGMKKSSHVIVMAATN RPNSIDPAL CS016 1702 SEQ ID NO: 1703(frame − 3) TPVSEDMLGRVFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEDFLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGISAIDVMNSIARGQKIPIFS AAGLPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKIPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVCLF LNLANDPTIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTD LATIYERAGRVEGRNGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPIPDLTGYITEGQIYVDRQLHNRQIYPPVNVLPSLSRLM KSAIGEGMTRKDHSDVSNQLYACYAIGKDVQAMKAVVGEEALTPDDLLYLEFLTKFEKNFITQGNYEN RTVFESLDIGWQLLRIFPKEMLKRIPASI CS018 1704 SEQ ID NO: 1705 (frame + 2) SVYIQPEGVPVPAQQSQQQQSYRHVSESVEHKSYGTQGYTTSEQTKQTQKVAYTNGSDYSSTDDFKVD TFEYRLLREVSFRESITKRYIGETDIQISTEVDKSLGVVTPPKIAQKPRNSKLQEGADAQFQVQLSGNPRP RVSWFKNGQRIVNSNKHEIVTTHNQTILRVRNTQKSDTGNYTLLAENPNGCVVTSAYLAVESPQETYG QDHKSQYIMDNQQTAVEERVEVNEKALAPQFVRVCQDRDVTEGKMTRFDCRVTGRPYPEVTWFINDR QIRDDYXHKILVNESCNHALMITNVDLSDSGVVSCIARNKTGETSFQCRLNVIEKEQVVAPKFVERFSTL NVREGEPVQLHARAVGTPTPRITWQKDGVQVIPNPELRINTEGGASTLDIPRAKASDAGWYRC

TABLE 3-PX Target cDNA ID SEQ ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone PX001 2100 SEQ ID NO: 2101 (frame + 1) GPKKHLKRLNAPRAWMLDKLGGVYAPRPSTGPHKLRECLPLVIFLQPPQVRAQRQRGAEDREAAPHQGGR QGPHRPHLPGWIHGCCVD*KDQ*AVPSDLRCEGTLHHPPHHSRGGQVQAVQGEARGDGPQERAVHRDAQ RPHAALPRPAHQGQRLHPARHRHLQDHGHHQVRLR*PVHDHGRA*LGASGHHRVPREAPRELRHRPHQG HHRTHLRHQVEQRVHHRQGHE PX009 2102 SEQ ID NO: 2103 (frame + 3) TLIWYKGTGYDSYKYWENQLIDFLSVYKKKGQTAGAGQNIFNCDFRNPPPHGKVCDVDIRGWEPCIDENH FSFHKSSPCIFLKLNKIYGWRPEFYNDTANLPEAMPVDLQTHIRNITAFNRDYANMVWVSCHGETPADKENI GPVRYLPYPGFPGYFYPYENAEGYLSPLVAVHLERPRTGIVINIECKAWA PX010 2104 SEQ ID NO: 2105 (frame + 3) GCIQFITQYQHSSGQRRVRVTTVARNWGDAAANLHHISAGFDQEAAAVVMARLVVYRAEQEDGPDVLRW LDRMLIRLCQKFGEYAKDDPNSFRLSENFSLYPQFMYHLRRSQFLQVFNNSPDETTFYRHMLMREDLTQSL IMIQPILYSYSFGGAPEPVLLDTSSIQPDRILLMDTFFQILIYHGETMAQWRALRYQDMAEYENFKQLLRAPV DDAQEILQTRFPVPRYIDTEHGGSQARFLLSKVNPSQTHNNMYAYGGAMPIPSADGGAPVLTDDVSLQVFM EQP PX015 2106 SEQ ID NO: 2107 (frame + 3) RKETVCIVLSDDNCPDEKIRMNRVVRNNLRVRLSDIVSIAPCPSVKYGKRVHILPIDDSVEGLTGNLFEVYLK PYFMEAYRPIHRDDTFMVRGGMRAVEFKVVETDPSPYCIVAPDTVIHCEGEPIKREEEEEALNAVGYDDIG GCRKQLAQIKEMVELPLRHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILMYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANETGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAG ESESNLRKAFEEADKNSPAIILIDELDAI PX016 2108 SEQ ID NO: 2109 (frame + 2) FTGDILRTPVSEDMLGRIFNGSGKPIDKGPPILAEEYLDIQGQPINPWSRIYPEEMIQTGISAIDVMNSIARGQK IPIFSAAGLPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVKVPGKSVLDDHEDNFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKQDFEENGSMENVC LFLNLANDPTIERIITPRLALTAAEFLAYQCEKHVLVILTDMSSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTD LATIYERAGRVEGRNGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPIPDLTGYITEGQIYVDRQLHNRQIYPPVNVLPSLSRLMKS AIGEGMTRKDHSDVSNQLYACYAIGKDVQAMKAVVGEEALTPDDLLYLEFLTKFEKNFITQGSYENRTVF ESLDIGWQPLRIFPKEM

TABLE 3-AD Target cDNA ID SEQ ID NO Corresponding amino acid sequence of cDNA clone AD001 2364 SEQ ID NO: 2365 (frame + 1) GPKKHLKRLNAPKAWMLDKLGGVFAPRPSTGPHKLRECLPLVIFLRNRLKYALTNCEVTKIVMQRLIKVD GKVRTDPNYPAGFMDVVTIEKTGEFFRLVYDVKGRFTIHRISAEEAKYKLCKVRRVQTGPKGIPFLVTHDG RTIRYPDPVIKVNDSIQLDIATCKIMDHIRFESGNLCMITGGRNLGRVGTVVSRERHPGSFDIVHIKDTQGHTF ATRLNNVFIIGKATKPYISLPKGKGVKLSIAEERDK AD002 2366 SEQ ID NO: 2367 (frame + 2) SFFSKVFGGKKDGKAPTTGEAIQKLRETEEMLIKKQEFLEKKIEQEINVAKKNGTKNKRAAIQALKRKKRY EKQLQQIDGTLSTIEMQREALEGANTNTAVLQTMKSAADALKAAHQHMDVDKVHDLMDDI AD009 2368 SEQ ID NO: 2369 (frame + 3) VLAALVAVCLWVFFQTLDPRIPTWQLDSSIIGTSPGLGFRPMPEDSNVESTLIWYRGTDRDDFRQWTDTLDE FLAVYKTPGLTPGRGQNIHNCDYDKPPKKGQVCNVDIKNWHPCIQENHYNYHKSSPCIFIKLNKIYNWIPEY YNESTNLPEQMPEDLKQYIHNLESNNSREMNTVWVSCEGENP AD015 2370 SEQ ID NO: 2371 (frame + 2) DELQLFRGDTVLLKGKRRKETVCIVLSDDTCPDGKIRMNRVVRNNLRVRLSDVVSVQPCPDVKYGKRIHV LPIDDTVEGLTGNLFEVYLKPYFLEAYRPIHKDDAFIVRGGMRAVEFKVVETDPSPYCIVAPDTVIHCEGDPI KREEEEEALNAVGYDDIGGCRKQLAQIKEMVELPLRHPSLFKAIGVKPPRGILLYGPPGTGKTLIARAVANE TGAFFFLINGPEIMSKLAGESESNLRKAFEEADKNAPAIIFIDELDAIAPKREKTHGEVERRIVSQLLTLMDGL KQSSHVIVMAATNRPNSIDGALRRFGRFDREIDIGIPDATGRLEILRIHTKNMKLADDVDLEQIAAESHG AD016 2372 SEQ ID NO: 2373 (frame + 2) FTGDILRVPVSEDMLGRTFNGSGIPIDGGPPIVAETYLDVQGMPINPQTRIYPEEMIQTGISTIDVMTSIARGQ KIPIFSGAGLPHNEIAAQICRQAGLVQHKENKDDFAIVFAAMGVNMETARFFKREFAQTGACNVVLFLNLA NDPTIERIITPRLALTVAEFLAYQCNKHVLVIMTDMTSYAEALREVSAAREEVPGRRGFPGYMYTDLSTIYE RAGRVQGRPGSITQIPILTMPNDDITHPI

TABLE 4-LD Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequences* Example Gi-number and species LD001 49 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTT 3101175 (Drosophila melanogaster), 92477283 (Drosophila erecta) LD001 50 AATGCCCCAAAAGCATGGATGTTGGATA 70909480 (Carabus granulatus), 77325294 (Chironomus AATTGGGAGGTGT tentans), 900945 (Ctenocephalides felis), 60297219 (Diaprepes abbreviatus), 37951951 (Ips pini), 75735533 (Tribolium castaneum), 22039624 (Ctenocephalides felis) LD001 51 GAAGTTACTAAGATTGTTATGCA 33368080 (Glossina morsitans) LD001 52 ATTGAAAAAACTGGTGAATTTTTCCG 60297219 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) LD001 53 ACACACGACGGCCGCACCATCCGCT 27555937 (Anopheles gambiae), 33355008 (Drosophila yakuba), 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera), 3738704 (Manduca sexta) LD001 54 ACACACGACGGCCGCACCATCCGCTA 92477283 (Drosophila erecta) LD001 55 CCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTG 92954810 (Drosophila ananassae), 92231605 (Drosophila willistoni) LD002 56 GCAATGTCATCCATCATGTCGTG 17861597 (Drosophila melanogaster), 92223378 (Drosophila willistoni), 92471309 (Drosophila erecta) LD003 57 CAGGTTCTTCCTCTTGACGCGTCCAGG 24975810 (Anopheles gambiae), 3478578 (Antheraea yamamai), 42764756 (Armigeres subalbatus), 24661714 (Drosophila melanogaster), 68267151 (Drosophila simulans), 33355000 (Drosophila yakuba), 49532931 (Plutella xylostella), 76552910 (Spodoptera frugiperda), 92959651 (Drosophila ananassae), 92467993 (Drosophila erecta) LD003 58 TTGAGCGAGAAGTCAATATGCTTCT 49558930 (Boophilus microplus) LD003 59 TTCCAAGAAATCTTCAATCTTCAAACCC 62238687 (Diabrotica virgifera), 76169907 AA (Diploptera punctata), 67872253 (Drosophila pseudoobscura), 55877642 (Locusta migratoria), 66548956 (Apis mellifera) LD003 60 TTCATCCAACACTCCAATACG 22040140 (Ctenocephalides felis) LD003 61 AAGAGCATTGCCTTCAAACAACCT 2459311 (Antheraea yamamai) LD003 62 AGTTCTCTGGCAGCTTTACGGATTTT 76169907 (Diploptera punctata) LD003 63 CCACACTTCACGTTTGTTCCT 57963694 (Heliconius melpomene) LD003 64 CCGTATGAAGCTTGATTACGT 108742527 (Gryllus rubens), 108742525 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus), 108742523 (Gryllus veletis), 108742521 (Gryllus bimaculatus), 108742519 (Gryllus firmus), 109194897 (Myzus persicae) LD003 65 AGGAACAAACGTGAAGTGTGGCG 109194897 (Myzus persicae) LD006 66 AGCGCTATGGGTAAGCAAGCTATGGG 27819970 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD006 67 TGTTATACTGGTTATAATCAAGAAGAT 55801622 (Acyrthosiphon pisum), 66535130 (Apis mellifera) LD007 68 GAAGTTCAGCACGAATGTATTCC 50563603 (Homalodisca coagulata) LD007 69 CAAGCAAGTGATGATGTTCAGTGCCAC 50563603 (Homalodisca coagulata) LD007 70 TGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAGATCC 21068658 (Chironomus tentans) LD007 71 AAATGAAAAGAATAAAAAATT 49201437 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD007 72 CAGAATTTCCCAGCCATAGGAAT 67895225 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) LD007 73 AGCAGTTCAAAGATTTCCAGAAG 77848709 (Aedes aegypti) LD007 74 TTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTACGAG 91083250 (Tribolium castaneum) LD010 75 TACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCAT 29558345 (Bombyx mori) LD010 76 CAGTCGCTGATCATGATCCAGCC 49559866 (Boophilus microplus) LD010 77 CTCATGGACACGTTCTTCCAGAT 60293559 (Homalodisca coagulata) LD010 78 GGGGCTGCATACAGTTCATCAC 92971011 (Drosophila mojavensis) LD010 79 CCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTG 92952825 (Drosophila ananassae) LD010 80 GACAATGCCAAATACATGAAGAA 92921253 (Drosophila virilis) LD010 81 TTCGATCAGGAGGCAGCCGCAGTG 92921253 (Drosophila virilis) LD011 82 AGCAGGGCTGGCATGGCGACAAA 28317118 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD011 83 TTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTAGATTTGGC 37951963 (Ips pini) LD011 84 TACTGCAAATTCTTCTTCCTATG 55883846 (Locusta migratoria) LD011 85 GGTACATTCTTGTATGTAACTC 67885713 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) LD011 86 TCAAACATGATAATAGCACACTG 68771114 (Acanthoscurria gomesiana) LD011 87 TCTCCTGACCGGCAGTGTCCCATA 17944197 (Drosophila melanogaster), 77843537 (Aedes aegypti), 94469127 (Aedes aegypti), 24664595 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD011 88 GCTACTTTGGGAGTTGAAGTCCATCC 101410627 (Plodia interpuntella) LD011 89 TAACTACAACTTTGAGAAGCCTTTCCT 90813103 (Nasonia vitripennis) LD011 90 AAGTTTGGTGGTCTCCGTGATGG 84267747 (Aedes aegypti) LD014 91 GCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGC 9732 (Manduca sexta), 90814338 (Nasonia vitripennis), 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) LD014 92 ATCAAGCATATGATGGCTTTCATTGA 75470953 (Tribolium castaneum), 76169390 (Diploptera punctata) LD014 93 AATATTGAAAAGGGGCGCCTTGT 78055682 (Heliconius erato) LD014 94 CAACGTCTCAAGATTATGGAATA 37659584 (Bombyx mori) LD014 95 ATTATGGAATATTATGAGAAGAAAGA 66556286 (Apis mellifera) LD014 96 AACAAAATCAAGATCAGCAATACT 25958976 (Curculio glandium) LD016 97 ATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGTCA 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) LD016 98 GTAGCTAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTG 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis), 55797015 (Acyrthosiphon GGAAACCACGACG pisum), 73615307 (Aphis gossypii), 4680479 (Aedes aegypti), 9713 (Manduca sexta), 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda), 237458 (Heliothis virescens), 53883819 (Plutella xylostella),22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis), 101403557 (Plodia interpuntella), 92969578 (Drosophila grimshawi), 91829127 (Bombyx mori) LD016 99 GCAGATACCTCACGCAAAGCTTC 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) LD016 100 GGATCGTTGGCCAAATTCAAGAACAGG 67882712 (Drosophila pseudoobscura), 92985459 (Drosophila CA grimshawi) LD016 101 TTCTCCATAGAACCGTTCTCTTCGAAAT 4680479 (Aedes aegypti), 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CCTG LD016 102 GCTGTTTCCATGTTAACACCCAT 49558344 (Boophilus microplus) LD016 103 TCCATGTTAACACCCATAGCAGCGA 62238871 (Diabrotica virgifera) LD016 104 CTACAGATCTGGGCAGCAATTTCATTGTG 22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis), 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis) LD016 105 GGCAGACCAGCTGCAGAGAAAAT 22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis), 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis) LD016 106 GAGAAAATGGGGATCTTCTGACCACGA 4680479 (Aedes aegypti), 9713 (Manduca sexta), GCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTC 22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis), 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis), 67877903 (Drosophila pseudoobscura), 10763875 (Manduca sexta), 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda), 77905105 (Aedes aegypti), 50562965 (Homalodisca coagulata), 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) LD016 107 ATGGAGTTCATCACGTCAATAGC 9713 (Manduca sexta), 237458 (Heliothis virescens), 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda), 22474331 (Helicoverpa armigera) LD016 108 GTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGATAGATAC 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis), GGGACCACGGATTGATTGGTTGACCCTG 22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis), GATGTCCAAGAAGTCTTCAGCCAAAATT 50562965 (Homalodisca coagulata), GGGGGACCTTTGTC 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster), 6901845 (Bombyx mori), 92931000 (Drosophila virilis) LD016 109 ATTGGGGGACCTTTGTCGATGGG 10763875 (Manduca sexta) LD016 110 ATGGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAAACAC 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster), GTCCCAACATATCTTCAGAAACAGGAGT 55905051 (Locusta migratoria) CCTCAAAATATCTCCTGTGAATTCACAA GCGGTGTTTTTGGCGTCGATTCCTGATG TGCCCTCGAACACTTGAACCACAGCTTT LD016 111 ACAGCTTTTGACCCACTGACTTCCAG 21642266 (Amblyomma variegatum) LD016 112 GACCCACTGACTTCCAGAACTTGTCCCG 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster) AACGTATAGTGCCATCAGCCAGTTTGAGT LD016 113 GGACCGTTCACACCAGACACAGT 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD016 114 GACTGTGTCTGGTGTGAACGGTCCTCT 103769163 (Drosophila melanogaster), 92048971 (Drosophila willistoni) LD016 115 TTCTCTTCGAAATCCTGTTTGAA 84116133 (Dermatophagoides farinae) LD016 116 GACTGTGTVTGGTGTGAACGGTCC 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) LD016 117 GGTCGTCGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGT 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni), 91755555 (Bombyx mori), ACACCGATTT 84228226 (Aedes aegypti) LD016 118 TGACAGCTGCCGAATTCTTGGC 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) LD018 119 CAAGTCACCGACGACCACAACCACAA 91080016 (Tribolium castaneum) LD018 120 ATCGCGATTGACGGTGGAGCC 91080016 (Tribolium castaneum) LD027 121 AGACGATCGGTTGGTTAAAATC 66501387 (Apis mellifera) LD027 122 GATATGGGAGCATGTGAAATATA 77326476 (Chironomus tentans) LD027 123 TTAGAGAATTGTTTGAATTAT 90129719 (Bicyclus anynana)

TABLE 4-PC Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PC001 275 AAAATTGTCATGCAAAGGTTGAT 37952206 (Ips pini) PC001 276 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) 55904580 (Locusta migratoria) PC001 277 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATT 31366663 (Toxoptera citricida) PC001 278 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) PC001 279 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 37951951 (Ips pini) PC001 280 AAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAA 84647793 (Myzus persicae) PC001 281 AAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 70909486 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) PC001 282 ATGGATGTCATTACTATTGAGAA 25957367 (Carabus granulatus) PC001 283 CATCAAATTTGAATCTGGCAACCT 37952206 (Ips pini) PC001 284 CATGATGGCAGAACCATTCGTTA 60303405 (Julodis onopordi) PC001 285 CCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 90138164 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC001 286 CCATTTTTGGTAACACATGATGG 111011915 (Apis mellifera) PC001 287 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 50565112 (Homalodisca coagulata) PC001 288 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 103790417 (Heliconius erato) 101419954 (Plodia interpunctella) PC001 289 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATT 73612809 (Aphis gossypii) PC001 290 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 77329254 (Chironomus tentans) PC001 291 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) PC001 292 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTCTTC 84647995 (Myzus persicae) GC PC001 293 CGTTACCCTGACCCCAACATCAA 73613065 (Aphis gossypii) PC001 294 GCAAAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAA 83662334 (Myzus persicae) PC001 295 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 92969396 (Drosophila grimshawi) PC001 296 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGG 67885868 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC001 297 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 25956479 (Biphyllus lunatus) PC001 298 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTCT 90814901 (Nasonia vitripennis) PC001 299 GCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGA 110260785 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC001 300 GCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 76551269 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC001 301 GCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 56085210 (Bombyx mori) PC001 302 GCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) PC001 303 GGTCCCAAAGGAATCCCATTTTTGGT 50565112 (Homalodisca coagulata) PC001 304 GGTGTCTTCGCCCCTCGTCCA 82575022 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) PC001 305 GTGAAGTCACTAAAATTGTCATGCAAAG 25956820 (Biphyllus lunatus) PC001 306 TCCACCGGGCCTCACAAGTTGCG 58371410 (Lonomia obliqua) PC001 307 TCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGA 110263957 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC001 308 TGCTCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 48927129 (Hydropsyche sp.) PC001 309 TGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTCT 90814560 (Nasonia vitripennis) PC003 310 AAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAA 108742519 (Gryllus firmus) 109978291 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) 62083482 (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) 56150446 (Rhynchosciara americana) PC003 311 AACAAACGTGAAGTGTGGAGAGT 57963755 (Heliconius melpomene) PC003 312 AAGTCGCCCTTCGGGGGTGGCCG 77884026 (Aedes aegypti) PC003 313 ACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 92992453 (Drosophila mojavensis) PC003 314 AGATTGTTTGAAGGTAATGCACTTCT 60298816 (Diaphorina citri) PC003 315 ATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAA 33373689 (Glossina morsitans) PC003 316 ATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCC 92987113 (Drosophila grimshawi) PC003 317 ATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCT 1899548 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC003 318 ATGAAGCTTGATTATGTTTTGGGTCTGAAAATTGAAGAT 71539459 (Diaphorina citri) TTCTTGGAAAGA PC003 319 ATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGA 62240069 (Diabrotica virgifera) PC003 320 CACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTC 71550961 (Oncometopia nigricans) PC003 321 CAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 68267151 (Drosophila simulans) 33355000 (Drosophila yakuba) PC003 322 CAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGGG 2152719 (Drosophila melanogaster) GG PC003 323 CGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCC 107324644 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC003 324 CTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 15461311 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC003 325 CTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAA 38624772 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC003 326 GACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 92959651 (Drosophila ananassae) 92981958 (Drosophila mojavensis) 76552467 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC003 327 GCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGA 60296953 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) PC003 328 GCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAACT 77329341 (Chironomus tentans) PC003 329 GTGCGCAAGCAGGTGGTGAACATCCC 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) PC003 330 TACACTTTGGCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGC 22040140 (Ctenocephalides felis) PC003 331 TCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTC 18883211 (Anopheles gambiae) PC003 332 TCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTC 92963738 (Drosophila grimshawi) GG PC003 333 TCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 38047836 (Drosophila yakuba) 27260897 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC003 334 TGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAA 61646980 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 73615225 (Aphis gossypii) 83661890 (Myzus persicae) 37804775 (Rhopalosiphum padi) 30049209 (Toxoptera citricida) PC003 335 TGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGA 90813959 (Nasonia vitripennis) PC003 336 TGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCT 25959408 (Meladema coriacea) PC003 337 TGGCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGC 76169907 (Diploptera punctata) PC003 338 TGGGTCTGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGA 34788046 (Callosobruchus maculatus) PC003 339 TTCTCCCTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGG 107331362 (Drosophila melanogaster) 110240861 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC003 340 TTGGGTCTGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAG 37952462 (Ips pini) PC003 341 GGGTGCGCAAGCAGGTGGTGAAC 110887729 (Argas monolakensis) PC005 342 CTCCTCAAAAAGTACAGGGAGGCCAAGAA 63512537 (Ixodes scapularis) PC005 343 AAAAAGAAGGTGTGGTTGGATCC 33491424 (Trichoplusia ni) PC005 344 AAAAAGAAGGTGTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAA 91759273 (Bombyx mori) 55908261 (Locusta migratoria) PC005 345 AAAGAAGGTGTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCA 101414616 (Plodia interpunctella) PC005 346 AACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACAT 25957531 (Cicindela campestris) PC005 347 AACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACATCCGTAA 25958948 (Curculio glandium) PC005 348 AACTCAAGACAAAACATCCGTAA 60314333 (Panorpa cf. vulgaris APV-2005) PC005 349 AAGAACACTGAAGCCAGAAGGAAGGGAAGGCATTGTGG 25958948 (Curculio glandium) PC005 350 AATGAAATCAACGAAATCGCCAACAC 92979160 (Drosophila grimshawi) 92232072 (Drosophila willistoni) PC005 351 ATGGAGTACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGC 15454802 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC005 352 CAAGATGCTGTCTGACCAGGC 67872905 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC005 353 CGCCTCCTCAAAAAGTACAGGGAGGC 75471260 (Tribolium castaneum) PC005 354 CGTATCGCCACCAAGAAGCAG 68267374 (Drosophila simulans) PC005 355 CTGTACATGAAAGCGAAGGGTAA 25957246 (Carabus granulatus) PC005 356 GAACAAGAGGGTCCTTATGGAG 90977107 (Aedes aegypti) PC005 357 GAACAAGAGGGTCCTTATGGAGTACATCCA 40544432 (Tribolium castaneum) PC005 358 GAGCGTATCGCCACCAAGAAGCA 92480972 (Drosophila erecta) 33354497 (Drosophila yakuba) PC005 359 GAGTACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGC 15516174 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC005 360 GATCCAAATGAAATCAACGAAAT 56149737 (Rhynchosciara americana) PC005 361 GCCAACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACATCCG 103019061 (Tribolium castaneum) PC005 362 GCCAACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACATCCGTAAGCTCAT 56149737 (Rhynchosciara americana) PC005 363 GGCAAAAAGAAGGTGTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCA 101417042 (Plodia interpunctella) PC005 364 GGGTCCTTATGGAGTACATCCACAAGAA 67885759 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC005 365 TGCGATGCGGCAAAAAGAAGGT 56149531 (Rhynchosciara americana) PC005 366 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAACGAAAT 15355452 (Apis mellifera) 83662749 (Myzus persicae) PC005 367 TTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAACGAAAT 110985444 (Apis mellifera) 111158439 (Myzus persicae) PC010 368 CCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTG 92952825 (Drosophila ananassae) PC010 369 CTGATGGAGATGAAGCAGTGCTGCAATTC 58395529 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PC010 370 GACGTGCTCAGATGGGTGGACAG 56152422 (Rhynchosciara americana) PC010 371 GCCCGAGCCTGTGTTGTTGGA 92939820 (Drosophila virilis) PC010 372 GGCACATGCTGATGCGTGAGGAT 83937570 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) PC010 373 GGGCACATGGTCATGGGCGATTC 3337934 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC014 374 AAGATCATGGAGTACTACGAGAA 85577611 (Aedes aegypti) PC014 375 ACGAGAAAAAGGAGAAGCAAG 67838315 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC014 376 ATGGAGTACTACGAGAAAAAGGAGAAGCAAGT 92928915 (Drosophila virilis) PC014 377 CAAAAACAAATCAAACACATGATGGC 82574001 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 111160670 (Myzus persicae) PC014 378 CTCAAGATCATGGAGTACTACGA 55692554 (Drosophila yakuba) PC014 379 CTCAAGATCATGGAGTACTACGAGAA 92942301 (Drosophila ananassae) 92476196 (Drosophila erecta) 53884266 (Plutella xylostella) PC014 380 GAACAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGC 111160670 (Myzus persicae) PC014 381 GACTCAAGATCATGGAGTACT 112432414 (Myzus persicae) PC014 382 GATGTTCAAAAACAAATCAAACACATGATGGC 73618688 (Aphis gossypii) PC014 383 TACTACGAGAAAAAGGAGAAGC 62239529 (Diabrotica virgifera) PC014 384 TTCATTGAACAAGAAGCCAATGA 15357365 (Apis mellifera) PC016 385 ACACGACCGGCGCGCTCGTAAAT 75710699 (Tribolium castaneum) PC016 386 ACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAATTCG 92048971 (Drosophila willistoni) GC PC016 387 AGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGC 92985459 (Drosophila grimshawi) PC016 388 ATACGCGACCACGGGTTGATCGG 18868609 (Anopheles gambiae) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PC016 389 ATCGGTGTACATGTAACCGGGGAAACC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) 92957249 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) 92965644 (Drosophila grimshawi) 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 75710699 (Tribolium castaneum) PC016 390 ATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAG 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) PC016 391 CACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAA 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) PC016 392 CCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGG 67884189 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC016 393 CCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATA 92940287 (Drosophila virilis) PC016 394 CGCTCGATGGTCGGATCGTrGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACA 2921501 (Culex pipiens) PC016 395 CGCTCGATGGTCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAG 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) ACACACGTTCTCCAT 15061308 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC016 396 CGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAA 13752998 (Drosophila melanogaster) PC016 397 CTGGCAGTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAGC 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis) PC016 398 CTTAGCATCAATACCTGATGT 61646107 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) PC016 399 GACATGTCGGTCAAGATGACCAGCACGTG 9713 (Manduca sexta) PC016 400 GACATGTCGGTCAAGATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCAC 92933153 (Drosophila virilis) TG PC016 401 GACATGTCGGTCAAGATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCAC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) TGGTA PC016 402 GAGCCGTTCTCTTCGAAGTCCTG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PC016 403 GATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTC 18883474 (Anopheles gambiae) PC016 404 GATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTG 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) PC016 405 GATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAA 15061308 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67883622 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PC016 406 GATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) ATTCGGC PC016 407 GATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGA 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) PC016 408 GATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGAGCCGTTGCGGCCCTCCAC 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) PC016 409 GGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGT 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC016 410 GGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGTCA 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PC016 411 GGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAA 91757299 (Bombyx mori) PC016 412 GGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACA 103020368 (Tribolium castaneum) PC016 413 GGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PC016 414 GGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) PC016 415 GGCAGTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAGC 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) PC016 416 GGCATAGTCAAGATGGGGATCTG 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) PC016 417 GTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATA 92966144 (Drosophila grimshawi) PC016 418 GTGATGATGCGCTCGATGGTCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTC 15514750 (Drosophila melanogaster) AAGAACAGACACACGTTCTCCAT PC016 419 GTGTACATGTAACCGGGGAAACC 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) PC016 420 GTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAGC 91826756 (Bombyx mori) PC016 421 TCAATGGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAA 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster) 99009492 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) PC016 422 TCATCCAGCACAGACTTGCCAG 10763875 (Manduca sexta) PC016 423 TCATCCAGCACAGACTTGCCAGG 9713 (Manduca sexta) PC016 424 TCCATGTTGACACCCATAGCAGC 92962756 (Drosophila ananassae) PC016 425 TCCATGTTGACACCCATAGCAGCAAACAC 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) PC016 426 TCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACCTGGC 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) PC016 427 TCGATGGTCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAGACA 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) CACGTTCTCCAT PC016 428 TCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAGACACACGTTCT 2793275 (Drosophila melanogaster) CCAT PC016 429 TCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAG 90137502 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PC016 430 TGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) PC016 431 TTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAA 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PC016 432 TTCTCTTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACCTGGC 9713 (Manduca sexta) PC016 433 TTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAGACACACGTT 55905051 (Locusta migratoria) PC016 434 GTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAGCAGCAAA 84116133 (Dermatophagoides farinae)

TABLE 4-EV Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species EV005 533 AAGCGACGTGAAGAGCGTATCGC 76553206 (Spodoptera frugiperda) EV005 534 ATTAAAGATGGTCTTATTATTAA 15355452 (Apis mellifera) EV005 535 CGTAAGCGACGTGAAGAGCGTATCGC 33491424 (Trichoplusia ni) EV005 536 GGTCGTCATTGTGGATTTGGTAAAAG 60314333 (Panorpa cf. vulgaris APV-2005) EV005 537 TGCGATGCGGCAAGAAGAAGGT 15048930 (Drosophila melanogaster) EV005 538 TGCGGCAAGAAGAAGGTTTGG 93002524 (Drosophila mojavensis) 92930455 (Drosophila virilis) 92044532 (Drosophila willistoni) EV005 539 TTGTGGATTTGGTAAAAGGAA 60306723 (Sphaerius sp.) EV010 540 CAAGTGTTCAATAATTCACCA 83937567 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) EV010 541 CATTCTATAGGCACATGTTGATG 29558345 (Bombyx mori) EV010 542 CTGGCGGCCACATGGTCATGGG 92476940 (Drosophila erecta) 92977931 (Drosophila grimshawi) 2871327 (Drosophila melanogaster) EV015 543 AACAGGCCCAATTCCATCGACCC 92947821 (Drosophila ananassae) EV015 544 AGAGAAAAAATGGACCTCATCGAC 62239128 (Diabrotica virgifera) EV015 545 CGCCATCCGTCGCTGTTCAAGGCGATCGG 18866954 (Anopheles gambiae) EV015 546 CTGGCAGTTACCATGGAGAACTTCCGTTACGCCATG 62239128 (Diabrotica virgifera) EV015 547 GTGATCGTGATGGCGGCCACGAA 18887285 (Anopheles gambiae) EV015 548 GTGATCGTGATGGCGGCCACGAAC 83423460 (Bombyx mori) EV015 549 TGATGGACGGCATGAAGAAAAG 91086234 (Tribolium castaneum) EV016 550 AATATGGAAACAGCCAGATTCTT 109193659 (Myzus persicae) EV016 551 ATGATCCAGACTGGTATTTCTGC 92938857 (Drosophila virilis) EV016 552 ATTGATGTGATGAATTCCATTGCC 55905051 (Locusta migratoria) EV016 553 GAAATGATCCAGACTGGTATTTCTGC 50562965 (Homalodisca coagulata) EV016 554 GAAGAAATGATCCAGACTGGTAT 92969748 (Drosophila mojavensis) EV016 555 GACTGTGTCTGGTGTGAACGG 2286639 (Drosophila melanogaster) 92042621 (Drosophila willistoni) EV016 556 GATATGTTGGGTCGTGTGTTTAA 92969748 (Drosophila mojavensis) EV016 557 GATCCTACCATTGAAAGAATTAT 99011193 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) EV016 558 GTGTCTGAAGATATGTTGGGTCGTGT 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) EV016 559 GTGTCTGGTGTGAACGGACCG 22474331 (Helicoverpa armigera) EV016 560 TCTGAAGATATGTTGGGTCGTGT 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) EV016 561 TGGCATATCAATGTGAGAAGCA 60336595 (Homalodisca coagulata) EV016 562 TTGAACTTGGCCAATGATCCTACCAT 91827863 (Bombyx mori)

TABLE 4-AG Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species AG001 621 AAAACTGGTGAATTCTTCCGTTTGAT 37953169 (Ips pini) AG001 622 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) 55904580 (Locusta migratoria) AG001 623 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATT 31366663 (Toxoptera citricida) AG001 624 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) AG001 625 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 37951951 (Ips pini) 109195107 (Myzus persicae) AG001 626 AAATACAAATTGTGCAAAGTCCG 25958703 (Curculio glandium) AG001 627 AACTTGTGCATGATCACCGGAG 22039624 (Ctenocephalides felis) AG001 628 AAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGG 112433559 (Myzus persicae) AG001 629 AAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTGTT 70909486 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) AG001 630 ACTGGTGAATTCTTCCGTTTGAT 77327303 (Chironomus tentans) AG001 631 ATTGAAAAAACTGGTGAATTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGAT 22039624 (Ctenocephalides felis) GTTAA AG001 632 CCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 90138164 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AG001 633 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 48927129 (Hydropsyche sp.) 76551269 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AG001 634 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 91835558 (Bombyx mori) 103783745 (Heliconius erato) 101419954 (Plodia interpunctella) AG001 635 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATT 73619372 (Aphis gossypii) AG001 636 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 77329254 (Chironomus tentans) 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) AG001 637 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGG 84647382 (Myzus persicae) AG001 638 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 84647995 (Myzus persicae) AG001 639 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTGTT 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) AG001 640 CTGGATTCATGGATGTGATCA 27617172 (Anopheles gambiae) AG001 641 GAATTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGT 50565112 (Homalodisca coagulata) 71049326 (Oncometopia nigricans) AG001 642 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 92969396 (Drosophila grimshawi) 93001617 (Drosophila mojavensis) 92929731 (Drosophila virilis) AG001 643 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGG 67885868 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AG001 644 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 90814901 (Nasonia vitripennis) AG001 645 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTGTTCGCCCC 25956479 (Biphyllus lunatus) AG001 646 GCCCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 50565112 (Homalodisca coagulata) AG001 647 GCTGGATTCATGGATGTGATC 103775903 (Heliconius erato) AG001 648 GGATCATTCGATATTGTCCACAT 113017118 (Bemisia tabaci) AG001 649 GGCAACTTGTGCATGATCACCGGAGG 25958703 (Curculio glandium) AG001 650 TACAAATTGTGCAAAGTCCGCAA 56161193 (Rhynchosciara americana) AG001 651 TATCCTGCTGGATTCATGGATGT 40934103 (Bombyx mori) AG001 652 TCACCATTGAAAAAACTGGTGAATTCTTC 62083410 (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) AG001 653 TGCATGATCACCGGAGGCAGGAA 3478550 (Antheraea yamamai) AG001 654 TGCATGATCACCGGAGGCAGGAATTTGGG 14627585 (Drosophila melanogaster) 33355008 (Drosophila yakuba) AG001 655 TGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGT 90814560 (Nasonia vitripennis) AG001 656 TGTGCATGATCACCGGAGGCAG 92949859 (Drosophila ananassae) 92999306 (Drosophila grimshawi) AG001 657 TGTGCATGATCACCGGAGGCAGGAATTTGGG 67842487 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AG005 658 AAGATCGACAGGCATCTGTACCACG 83935651 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AG005 659 AAGATCGACAGGCATCTGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAA 76552995 (Spodoptera frugiperda) GGC AG005 660 AAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAA 18932248 (Anopheles gambiae) 60306606 (Sphaerius sp.) AG005 661 AAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 18953735 (Anopheles gambiae) 25957811 (Cicindela campestris) 60311920 (Euclidia glyphica) AG005 662 AAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAGAGAGT 25958948 (Curculio glandium) 90812513 (Nasonia giraulti) AG005 663 ACAAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGC 60311700 (Euclidia glyphica) AG005 664 ATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCATTAA 25957811 (Cicindela campestris) AG005 665 ATGGAATACATCCACAAGAAGAAG 56149737 (Rhynchosciara americana) AG005 666 CAAAACATCCGTAAATTGATCAAGGATGGT 60314333 (Panorpa cf. vulgaris APV-2005) AG005 667 CAAAACATCCGTAAATTGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCAT 25958948 (Curculio glandium) AG005 668 CAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAA 476608 (Drosophila melanogaster) 38048300 (Drosophila yakuba) AG005 669 CAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 92946023 (Drosophila ananassae) 2871633 (Drosophila melanogaster) 68267374 (Drosophila simulans) 33354497 (Drosophila yakuba) 83937096 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AG005 670 CATCTGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGC 101417042 (Plodia interpunctella) AG005 671 GAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGCCCG 40874303 (Bombyx mori) AG005 672 GACAGGCATCTGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGC 90135865 (Bicyclus anynana) AG005 673 GAGAAGGCCCGTGCCAAGATGTTG 82572137 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) AG005 674 GATCCAAATGAAATCAATGAGATTGC 60312128 (Papilio dardanus) AG005 675 GCTCGTATGCCTCAAAAGGAACTATGG 25957246 (Carabus granulatus) AG005 676 GGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 4447348 (Drosophila melanogaster) AG005 677 GGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 18948649 (Anopheles gambiae) AG005 678 TACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAG 2871633 (Drosophila melanogaster) AG005 679 TACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGC 10764114 (Manduca sexta) AG005 680 TCAATGAGATTGCCAACACCAACTC 83935651 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AG005 681 TGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCAT 77642775 (Aedes aegypti) 27615052 (Anopheles gambiae) 92982271 (Drosophila grimshawi) 67896961 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AG005 682 TGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCATTAAGAA 92042883 (Drosophila willistoni) AG005 683 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCA 40867709 (Bombyx mori) 101417042 (Plodia interpunctella) AG005 684 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAA 15355452 (Apis mellifera) 83662749 (Myzus persicae) AG005 685 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGAGAT 63013469 (Bombyx mori) 55908261 (Locusta migratoria) AG005 686 TGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGC 23573622 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AG005 687 TTGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCA 113019292 (Bemisia tabaci) AG005 688 TTGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCAT 61674956 (Aedes aegypti) 41576849 (Culicoides sonorensis) AG005 689 TTGATGGAATACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGC 92225847 (Drosophila willistoni) AG005 690 AGGATGCGTGTCTTGAGGCGTCT 110887217 (Argas monolakensis) AG005 691 AAGGCCAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 110887217 (Argas monolakensis) AG010 692 CGTTTGTGTCAAAAGTTTGGAGAATA 78539702 (Glossina morsitans) AG010 693 GATGTTTTAAGATGGGTCGATCG 110759793 (Apis mellifera) AG010 694 TTTTACAGGCATATGCTTATGAGGGAAGATTT 55902158 (Locusta migratoria) AG010 695 TTTTTCGAGGTGGTCAATCAGCATTCGGC 92925934 (Drosophila virilis) AG014 696 AACATGCTGAACCAAGCCCGT 75466802 (Tribolium castaneum) AG014 697 AACATGCTGAACCAAGCCCGTCT 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) 103779114 (Heliconius erato) AG014 698 AAGATCATGGAATACTATGAGAAGAA 101403826 (Plodia interpunctella) AG014 699 AAGATCATGGAATACTATGAGAAGAAGGAGAA 81520950 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AG014 700 AATGAAAAGGCCGAGGAAATTGATGC 62239529 (Diabrotica virgifera) AG014 701 ATGGAATACTATGAGAAGAAGGA 16901350 (Ctenocephalides felis) AG014 702 CAATCCTCCAACATGCTGAACCA 53148472 (Plutella xylostella) AG014 703 CAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCAT 53148472 (Plutella xylostella) AG014 704 GCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCAT 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) 9732 (Manduca sexta) 90814338 (Nasonia vitripennis) AG014 705 GCGGAAGAAGAATTTAACATTGAAAAGGG 50558386 (Homalodisca coagulata) 71552170 (Oncometopia nigricans) AG016 706 AACGACGACATCACCCATCCTATTC 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) AG016 707 AACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGTGTG 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AG016 708 AACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGTGTGTCT 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) AG016 709 AACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGTGTGTCTCTTCTTGAA 91829127 (Bombyx mori) AG016 710 ATGATCCAGACCGGTATCTCCGC 22474040 (Helicoverpa armigera) AG016 711 ATGCCGAACGACGACATCACCCATCC 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) AG016 712 CAATGCGAGAAACACGTGCTGGT 9713 (Manduca sexta) AG016 713 CCGCACAACGAAATCGCCGCCCAAAT 75469507 (Tribolium castaneum) AG016 714 CGTTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGA 83937868 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AG016 715 CTTGGACATCCAAGGTCAACCCATCAACCCATGGTC 104530890 (Belgica antarctica) AG016 716 GAAATGATCCAGACCGGTATCTC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 92966144 (Drosophila grimshawi) AG016 717 GAAATGATCCAGACCGGTATCTCCGCCATCGACGTGATG 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) AACTC AG016 718 GAAGAAATGATCCAGACCGGTAT 75469507 (Tribolium castaneum) AG016 719 GAAGAAGTACCCGGACGTCGTGG 22038926 (Ctenocephalides felis) AG016 720 GACATCCAAGGTCAACCCATCAA 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis) AG016 721 GCCCGTTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) AG016 722 GCCGCCCAAATCTGTAGACAGGC 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) AG016 723 GGATCAGGAAAACCCATTGACAAAGGTCC 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster) 99009492 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) AG016 724 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGC 91829127 (Bombyx mori) AG016 725 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCAT 77750765 (Aedes aegypti) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) AG016 726 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCATTTACGAA 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) AG016 727 GTGTCGGAGGATATGTTGGGCCG 92460250 (Drosophila erecta) 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) 55694673 (Drosophila yakuba) AG016 728 TACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCAT 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) AG016 729 TTCAACGGATCAGGAAAACCCATTGACAAAGGTCC 99010653 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) AG016 730 TTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCAC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 75710699 (Tribolium castaneum) AG016 731 TTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCAT 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) 92957249 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AG016 732 TTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCATTTA 92969578 (Drosophila grimshawi) AG016 733 TTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCATTTAC 103744758 (Drosophila melanogaster) GA AG016 734 TTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGCCATGGGTGT 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) AG016 735 TTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAAGA 9713 (Manduca sexta) AG016 736 TTCTTGAATTTGGCCAACGATCC 92972277 (Drosophila grimshawi) 99011193 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) AG016 737 TTCTTGAATTTGGCCAACGATCCCACCATCGAG 67839381 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AG016 738 GCCGAATTTTTGGCTTATCAATG 84116133 (Dermatophagoides farinae)

TABLE 4-TC Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species TC001 813 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGATAAA 70909480 (Carabus granulatus) 16898765 (Ctenocephalides felis) 60298000 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) TC001 814 AATTTGTGTATGATTACTGGAGG 55904576 (Locusta migratoria) TC001 815 ACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGGCGTGT 60298000 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) TC001 816 ATGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGGCGTGT 73619372 (Aphis gossypii) 37804548 (Rhopalosiphum padi) TC001 817 ATGCAAAGATTGATTAAAGTTGACGG 70909478 (Biphyllus lunatus) TC001 818 ATTAAAGTTGACGGAAAAGTT 110763874 (Apis mellifera) TC001 819 ATTGAGAAAACTGGGGAATTCTTCCG 37952206 (Ips pini) TC001 820 ATTGTTATGCAAAGATTGATTAAAGTTGACGGAAAAGT 70909486 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) TC001 821 CCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTCT 55904580 (Locusta migratoria) TC001 822 CCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTCTC 83935971 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) TC001 823 GCGCCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGA 103790417 (Heliconius erato) 101419954 (Plodia interpunctella) TC001 824 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGT 14700642 (Drosophila melanogaster) TC001 825 TGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGGCGTGT 73612212 (Aphis gossypii) TC001 826 TGTATGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGGCGTGT 70909478 (Biphyllus lunatus) TC001 827 TTGATTTATGATGTTAAGGGA 77325485 (Chironomus tentans) TC001 828 TTGTGTATGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAA 60305816 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) TC002 829 AAAAACAAACGAGCGGCCATCCAGGC 18920284 (Anopheles gambiae) TC002 830 ATCGACCAAGAGATCCTCACAGCGAAGAAAAACGCGTC 75717966 (Tribolium castaneum) GAAAAACAAACGAGCGGCCATCCAGGCC TC002 831 CTCCAGCAGATCGATGGCACCCT 92475657 (Drosophila erecta) 13763220 (Drosophila melanogaster) TC002 832 TCAAGAGGAAGAAACGCTACGAAAAGCAGCTCCAGCAG 75717966 (Tribolium castaneum) ATCGATGGCACCCTCAGCACCATCGAGATGCAGCGGGA GGCCCTCGAGGGGGCCAACACCAACACAGCCGTACTCA AAACGATGAAAAACGCAGCGGACGCCCTCAAAAATGCC CACCTCAACATGGATGTTGATGAGGT TC010 833 AACCTCAAGTACCAGGACATGCCCGA 90973566 (Aedes aegypti) TC010 834 AGCCGATTTTGTACAGTTATA 92944620 (Drosophila ananassae) TC010 835 ATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATT 33427937 (Glossina morsitans) TC010 836 ATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATTTTGATTTTCCACGG 56151768 (Rhynchosciara americana) TC010 837 CAAGTACCAGGACATGCCCGA 18911059 (Anopheles gambiae) TC010 838 CACATGCTGATGCGGGAGGACCTC 67893321 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) TC010 839 CCTCAAGTACCAGGACATGCCCGA 67893324 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) TC010 840 TCAAGTACCAGGACATGCCCGA 67893321 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) TC010 841 TTCATGTACCATTTGCGCCGCTC 92952825 (Drosophila ananassae) TC014 842 AAAATTCAGTCGTCAAACATGCTGAA 76169390 (Diploptera punctata) TC014 843 AACATGCTGAACCAAGCCCGT 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) 103779114 (Heliconius erato) TC014 844 CACAGCAACTTGTGCCAGAAAT 92923718 (Drosophila virilis) TC014 845 GAGAAAGCCGAAGAAATCGATGC 77325830 (Chironomus tentans) TC014 846 GCCCGCAAACGTCTGGGCGAA 92232132 (Drosophila willistoni) TC014 847 TAAAAGTGCGTGAAGACCACGT 58371699 (Lonomia obliqua) TC015 848 ACACTGATGGACGGCATGAAGAA 78531609 (Glossina morsitans) TC015 849 ATCGGCGGTTGTCGCAAACAACT 6904417 (Bombyx mori) TC015 850 CCCGATGAGAAGATCCGGATGAA 83922984 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) TC015 851 CTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCG 92948836 (Drosophila ananassae) TC015 852 AACGAAACCGGTGCTTTCTTCTT 84116975 (Dermatophagoides farinae)

TABLE 4-MP Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species MP001 908 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) 108789768 (Bombyx mori) 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) 55904580 (Locusta migratoria) MP001 909 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAAT 77325485 (Chironomus tentans) 37951951 (Ips pini) 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 910 AAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACC 3658572 (Manduca sexta) MP001 911 AAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGC 103790417 (Heliconius erato) 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) MP001 912 AAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACC 25957217 (Carabus granulatus) MP001 913 AAGTCCGTACCGACCCTAATTATCCAGC 46994131 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 914 ACGCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTT 46999037 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 915 ACTATTAGATACGATATTGCA 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 916 ACTGGACCCAAAGGTGTGCCATTTTTAACTACTCATGAT 46997137 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) GGCCGTACTAT MP001 917 AGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAA 27620566 (Anopheles gambiae) MP001 918 AGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACC 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) MP001 919 AGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACCCAAAGCATGG 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) ATGTTGGACAAAT MP001 920 AGTAAGGGAGTTAAATTGACTA 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 921 ATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAAAG 29553519 (Bombyx mori) MP001 922 ATGGATGTTATATCTATCCAAAAGACCAGTGAGCACTTT 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) AGATTGATCTATGATGTGAAAGGTCGTTTCAC MP001 923 ATTGATCTATGATGTGAAAGGTCGTTTCAC 46999037 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 924 CAAAAGACCAGTGAGCACTTTAGATTGAT 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 925 CACAGAATTACTCCTGAAGAAGC 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) MP001 926 CACAGAATTACTCCTGAAGAAGCAAAATACAAG 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 927 CATCCAGGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAA 31364848 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 928 CATCCAGGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAAGGATGCA 37804548 (Rhopalosiphum padi) AATGAACATATTTTTGCTAC MP001 929 CATCTAAAATTTTGGATCATATCCGTTTTGAAACTGGAA 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) ACTTGTGCATGAT MP001 930 CATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACC 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 931 CATTTGAAGCGTTTAAACGCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTT 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 932 CCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 90138164 (Spodoptera frugiperda) MP001 933 CCAAGGAGTAAGGGAGTTAAATTGACTA 73615238 (Aphis gossypii) 31364848 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 934 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGAC 108789768 (Bombyx mori) MP001 935 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 50565112 (Homalodisca coagulata) 48927129 (Hydropsyche sp.) 76551269 (Spodoptera frugiperda) MP001 936 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 56085210 (Bombyx mori) 103792451 (Heliconius erato) 101419954 (Plodia interpunctella) MP001 937 CCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAAT 22474095 (Helicoverpa armigera) MP001 938 CGTCCAAGCACCGGTCCACACAAACT 47537863 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP001 939 CTGGAAACTTGTGCATGATAACTGGAGG 78524585 (Glossina morsitans) MP001 940 GAAAGACATCCAGGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAAG 46997137 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) GATGCAAATGAACATATTTTTGCTACCCGGATGAACAAT GTTTTTATTATTGGAAAAGGTCAAAAGAACTACATTTCT CTACCAAG MP001 941 GATCATATCCGTTTTGAAACTGGAAACTTGTGCATGAT 73614725 (Aphis gossypii) MP001 942 GATGCAAATGAACATATTTTTGCTAC 31364848 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 943 GCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGA 70909486 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) MP001 944 GCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAAT 77329254 (Chironomus tentans) 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus) MP001 945 GGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACAT 60303405 (Julodis onopordi) MP001 946 GGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAAGGATGCAAATGAA 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) CATATTTTTGCTAC MP001 947 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAA 14693528 (Drosophila melanogaster) MP001 948 GGGCGTGTTGGTATTGTTACCAACAG 31365398 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 949 GGGCGTGTTGGTATTGTTACCAACAGGGAAAG 73612212 (Aphis gossypii) 37804548 (Rhopalosiphum padi) MP001 950 GGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGG 60297572 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) MP001 951 GTTTTTATTATTGGAAAAGGTCAAAAGAACTACATTTCT 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) CT 31364848 (Toxoptera citricida) MP001 952 TGAAGTATGCACTTACTGGTGC 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) MP001 953 TGTAAAGTAAAGAGGGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGGTGT 73619191 (Aphis gossypii) MP001 954 TGTGTAAAGTAAAGAGGGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGGT 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) GT MP001 955 TTCTTGCGTAATCGTTTGAAGTATGCACTTACTGGTGCC 46998791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) GAAGTCACCAAGATTGTCATGCAAAGATTAATCAAGGTT GATGGCAAAGTCCGTACCGACCCTAATTATCCAGC MP001 956 TTGGAAAAGGTCAAAAGAACTACATTTCTCT 73615060 (Aphis gossypii) MP001 957 TTGGATCATATCCGTTTTGAAACTGGAAACTTGTGCATG 37804548 (Rhopalosiphum padi) AT MP002 958 AAAAAAAATGGTACAACTAATAAACGAGCTGCATTGCA 47537017 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) AGC MP002 959 AAGAAACGGTACGAACAACAA 15363283 (Apis mellifera) MP002 960 ACAAGAATTTTTAGAAAAAAAAATTGAACAAGAAGTAG 47537017 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CGATAGC MP002 961 CAAATTGATGGTACCATGTTAACTATTGAACAACAGCG 47537017 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP002 962 GAAGATGCGATACAAAAGCTTCGATCCAC 47537017 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP002 963 GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGG 110762684 (Apis mellifera) MP010 964 AAAAGATGATCCAAATAGTTT 110759793 (Apis mellifera) MP010 965 AAAATATTATTGATGGACACATTTTTCCATATTTTGATAT 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) TCCA MP010 966 AATAGTCCTGATGAAACATCATATTATAG 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 967 CAAAAAGATGATCCAAATAGTTTCCGATTGCCAGAAAA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CTTCAGTTTATATCCACAGTTCATGTATCATTTAAGAAG GTCTCAATTTCTACAAGTTTTTAA MP010 968 CAACATTCCAGTGGCTATAAACGAAT 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 969 CACATGTTGATGCGTGAAGATGTTAC 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 970 CCAATTCTGTATAGCTATAGTTTTAATGGTAGGCCAGAA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CCTGTACTTTTGGATACCAG MP010 971 CCATCTCAAACACATAATAATATGTATGCTTATGGAGG 55814942 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 972 CTCAAAACTCGATTCCCAATGCCTCGGTATATTGACACA 55814942 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) GAACAAGGTGGTAGTCAGGCAAGATTTTTACTATGCAA AGT MP010 973 GGTGATGGTGGAGCACCAGTTTTGACAGATGATGTAAG 55814942 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CTTGCA MP010 974 GTGGCTGCATACAGTTCATTACGCAGTA 28571527 (Drosophila melanogaster) MP010 975 TAATGGCTCGTATGGTAGTGAACCGTGCTGAAACTGA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 976 TATAGGCACATGTTGATGCGTGAAGAT 40924332 (Bombyx mori) MP010 977 TGGGCTGATCGTACGCTTATACGCTTGTGTCA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP010 978 TTAGCTAGGAATTGGGCAGACCCTGT 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 979 AAACAAGATTTTGAGGAAAATGG 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 980 AACCTGGTAAATCAGTTCTTGA 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 981 AACGACGACATCACCCATCCTATTC 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) MP016 982 AATTTAGCTAATGATCCTACTATTGA 15366446 (Apis mellifera) MP016 983 ACTATGCCTAACGACGACATCACCCATCC 237458 (Heliothis virescens) MP016 984 ATAGTATTTGCTGCTATGGGTGTTAATATGGAAAC 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) MP016 985 CAAATTTGTAGACAAGCTGGTCT 103020368 (Tribolium castaneum) MP016 986 CATGAAGACAATTTTGCTATAGTATTTGCTGCTATGGGT 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) GTTAATATGGAAAC MP016 987 CCGATAGATAAAGGACCTCCTATTTTGGCTGAAGATTAT 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) TTGGATATTGAAGGCCAACCTATTAATCCATA MP016 988 CCTATTTTGGCTGAAGATTAT 55905051 (Locusta migratoria) MP016 989 CGTATCATTACACCACGTCTTGCTTTAACTGCTGCTGAAT 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) TTTTAGCTTA MP016 990 CGTCTTGCTTTAACTGCTGCTGAATTTTTAGCTTA 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 991 GAAGAAGTACCTGGGCGTCGTGGTTTCCCTGGTTACATG 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) TACAC MP016 992 GAAGGAAGAAATGGTTCTATCACACAAATACCTATTTTA 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) ACTATGCCTAA MP016 993 GAAGGAAGAAATGGTTCTATCACACAAATACCTATTTTA 73615307 (Aphis gossypii) ACTATGCCTAACGA MP016 994 GATTTAGCTACAATTTATGAACG 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) MP016 995 GCCAGATTCTTTAAACAAGATTTTGAGGAAAATGG 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) MP016 996 GCTATGGGTGTTAATATGGAAAC 75469507 (Tribolium castaneum) MP016 997 GCTGCAGGTTTACCACATAATGAGATTGCTGCTCAAATT 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) TG MP016 998 GCTGGGCGTGTAGAAGGAAGAAATGGTTCTATCACACA 55813096 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) AATACCTATTTTAACTATGCCTAACGA MP016 999 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTAGCTACAATTTATGAACG 55813096 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 73615307 (Aphis gossypii) MP016 1000 GTGGACAAAAAATTCCAATATTTTC 55813096 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 1001 GTGTCGGAGGATATGTTGGGCCG 92460250 (Drosophila erecta) 2286639 (Drosophila melanogaster) 55694673 (Drosophila yakuba) MP016 1002 GTTCTTGAATTTAGCTAATGATCCTACTATTGA 82563007 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 1003 TCAATGGAGAATGTTTGTTTGTTCTTGAATTTAGCTAATG 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) ATCCTACTATTGA 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) MP016 1004 TCAGCTATTGATATCATGAACTCTATTGCTCGTGGACAA 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) AAAATTCCAATATTTTC MP016 1005 TCATATGCTGAAGCTTTAAGAGAAGTTTCTGCTGCTCG 30124460 (Toxoptera citricida) MP016 1006 TCCAGAACATATCCTCAAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTAT 35508791 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) MP016 1007 TCTATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAATTCC 110764393 (Apis mellifera) MP016 1008 TGTGAAAAGCATGTCTTAGTTATTTTAACTGACATGAGT 55813096 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) TCATATGCTGAAGCTTTAAGAGAAGTTTCTGCTGCTCGT GAAGAAGTACCTGGGCGTCGTGGTTTCCC MP016 1009 TTAACTGACATGAGTTCATATGCTGAAGCTTTAAGAGAA 73615307 (Aphis gossypii) GTTTCTGCTGCTCGTGAAGAAGTACCTGG MP027 1010 TTTTTAAAAATTTTAAAGAAAAAAA 47522167 (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

TABLE 4-NL SEQ Target ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species NL001 1161 CTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAGCT 16566724 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL001 1162 TTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGTTAA 16900870 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL001 1163 CAGCTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAA 16900870 (Ctenocephalides felis), 56199521 (Culicoides sonorensis) NL001 1164 GAGTTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGTTAA 16900945 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL001 1165 AAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAG 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL001 1166 TTCGACATCGTGCACATCAAGGAC 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL001 1167 ATCACAGCTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAG 25956820 (Biphyllus lunatus) NL001 1168 TGTGTATGATCACTGGAGGTCGTAA 25957367 (Carabus granulatus) NL001 1169 AACGTTTTCATCATCGGCAAG 27613698 (Anopheles gambiae) NL001 1170 CCAAAATCATGGACTTCATCA 3738704 (Manduca sexta) NL001 1171 TGATCTATGATGTTAAGGGACG 3738704 (Manduca sexta) NL001 1172 CATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 37951951 (Ips pini), 56772312 (Drosophila virilis), 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus), 67885868 (Drosophila pseudoobscura), 77321575 (Chironomus tentans), 25956479 (Biphyllus lunatus), 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera); NL001 1173 TTTTGCCACTAGGTTGAACAACGT 37953169 (Ips pini) NL001 1174 GCAGCGTCTCATCAAGGTTGACGGCAA 48927129 (Hydropsyche sp.) NL001 1175 AAGGGACGTTTCACCATCCAC 50818668 (Heliconius melpomene) NL001 1176 AACCTGTGTATGATCACTGGAGG 60293875 (Homalodisca coagulata) NL001 1177 ACTAACTGTGAAGTGAAGAAAATTGT 60293875 (Homalodisca coagulata) NL001 1178 TTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGT 60293875 (Homalodisca coagulata), 71047771 (Oncometopia nigricans) NL001 1179 TGTATGATCACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGG 60297219 (Diaprepes abbreviatus) NL001 1180 CATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGTGG 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) NL001 1181 GCTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAG 68758383 (Acanthoscurria gomesiana) NL001 1182 GGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGTCGTGT 77327303 (Chironomus tentans) NL001 1183 TATGATGTTAAGGGACGTTTCACCAT 77327303 (Chironomus tentans) NL001 1184 CATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 93002561 (Drosophila grimshawi) 93001617 (Drosophila mojavensis) 92939328 (Drosophila virilis) 112433559 (Myzus persicae) 90814922 (Nasonia vitripennis) NL001 1185 CTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAGCT 110264122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL001 1186 GAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAGCTGTG 90820001 (Graphocephala atropunctata) NL001 1187 TTGCACAGCTTGTACTTAGCTTCTTC 90134075 (Bicyclus anynana) NL001 1188 AAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAG 112350104 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL001 1189 ATGATCACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGTCG 113017118 (Bemisia tabaci) NL001 1190 GGTCGTAACTTGGGTCGTGTGGG 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) NL001 1191 TTCGACATCGTGCACATCAAGGAC 112350104 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL001 1192 ACATCGTGCACATCAAGGACG 90981811 (Aedes aegypti) NL003 1193 CAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTATGG 15457393 (Drosophila melanogaster), 76551770 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL003 1194 CGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTG 1797555 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL003 1195 AAGGTAACGCCCTGCTGCGTCG 18863433 (Anopheles gambiae) NL003 1196 CAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTA 2459311 (Antheraea yamamai), 49532931 (Plutella xylostella) NL003 1197 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCG 33354488 (Drosophila yakuba), 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) NL003 1198 AAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGT 33528372 (Trichoplusia ni) NL003 1199 TGTTTGAAGGTAACGCCCTGCT 34788046 (Callosobruchus maculatus) NL003 1200 CAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGA 35505798 (Acyrthosiphon pisum), 56772256 (Drosophila virilis) NL003 1201 GTGCGCCTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACAT 38624772 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL003 1202 GAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTA 4158332 (Bombyx mori) NL003 1203 TTGGGTTTAAAAATTGAAGATTTC 56150446 (Rhynchosciara americana) NL003 1204 TCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 56772256 (Drosophila virilis) NL003 1205 AGAATGAAGCTCGATTACGTC 60306665 (Sphaerius sp.) NL003 1206 TTTGTGGTGCGCCTGGACTCG 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) NL003 1207 AGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAAGTC 63514675 (Ixodes scapularis) NL003 1208 TCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCT 70979521 (Anopheles albimanus) NL003 1209 CTCATCAGACAAAGACATATCAGAGT 71536734 (Diaphorina citri) NL003 1210 TTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTATGG 73612958 (Aphis gossypii) NL003 1211 AAAATTGAAGATTTCCTTGAA 75467497 (Tribolium castaneum) NL003 1212 CAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCT 77730066 (Aedes aegypti) NL003 1213 CGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTG 24661714 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL003 1214 GCGTGATGGATGGACTTGGCCAA 90813959 (Nasonia vitripennis) NL003 1215 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCG 92467993 (Drosophila erecta) NL003 1216 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGT 112349903 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL003 1217 CTCATCAGACAAAGACATATCAGAGT 110671455 (Diaphorina citri) NL003 1218 CAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGA 86464397 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 92938865 (Drosophila virilis) NL003 1219 CAGGAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTATGG 101417830 (Plodia interpunctella) 110254389 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL003 1220 GAGTTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTA 112984021 (Bombyx mori) NL003 1221 TCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 93002641 (Drosophila mojavensis) 92938865 (Drosophila virilis) NL003 1222 TTGAAGATCATCGGAGAGTATGG 111158779 (Myzus persicae) NL003 1223 CAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAA 92232387 (Drosophila willistoni) NL003 1224 CTCCGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 92232387 (Drosophila willistoni) NL003 1225 CGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 110558371 (Drosophila ananassae) NL003 1226 GTCAAATACGCCCTGGCCAAGAT 93001117 (Drosophila grimshawi) NL004 1227 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 14994663 (Spodoptera frugiperda), 53883415 (Plutella xylostella) NL004 1228 TGCTCTCACATCGAAAACATG 22039837 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL004 1229 AACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAGTACATC 25959088 (Meladema coriacea) NL004 1230 GCCGTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTG 25959088 (Meladema coriacea) NL004 1231 GTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGTGAC 2761563 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL004 1232 GTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 33354902 (Drosophila yakuba) NL004 1233 ATGCGTGCCGTGTACGCCCATTT 33433477 (Glossina morsitans) NL004 1234 TCAGCTGCCCTCATCCAACAGTC 33491496 (Trichoplusia ni) NL004 1235 AAGGATATTCGTAAATTCTTGGA 37952094 (Ips pini), 56199511 (Culicoides sonorensis) NL004 1236 GCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 42766318 (Armigeres subalbatus) NL004 1237 AACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAGTACAT 49547659 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL004 1238 AAGAACAAGGATATTCGTAAATTCTTGGA 56152793 (Rhynchosciara americana) NL004 1239 AACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAGTACATCCG 58079798 (Amblyomma americanum), 49554219 (Boophilus microplus) NL004 1240 CATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGTGAC 60312171 (Papilio dardanus) NL004 1241 CGTAACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAGTACATCCG 63516417 (Ixodes scapularis) NL004 1242 AGATCAGCTGCCCTCATCCAACA 71539722 (Diaphorina citri) NL004 1243 GTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 24583601 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL004 1244 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGT 113017826 (Bemisia tabaci) NL004 1245 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 110263092 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL004 1246 GCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 94468811 (Aedes aegypti) NL004 1247 ACACAGTTGATGGGGAAATGGGC 90136736 (Bicyclus anynana) NL004 1248 GCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 110671493 (Diaphorina citri) 110249018 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL004 1249 GTCACACAGTTGATGGGGAAATGGGC 87266195 (Choristoneura fumiferana) NL004 1250 CCATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGT 90981351 (Aedes aegypti) NL005 1251 AAGGGTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAGCG 1900283 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL005 1252 AAGGGTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAG 25956594 (Biphyllus lunatus) NL005 1253 CGTGTATTGATGGAGTTCATTCA 30124405 (Toxoptera citricida), 60294294 (Homalodisca coagulata), 71046487 (Oncometopia nigricans), 73612243 (Aphis gossypii) NL005 1254 AAAGGTCAAGGAGGCCAAGAAG 67875089 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) NL005 1255 AAGATGTTGAACGACCAGGCTGAAGC 77324118 (Chironomus tentans) NL005 1256 ACGTTACCCTTAGCCTTCATGTA 90812513 (Nasonia giraulti) NL005 1257 AAGGGTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAGCG 45552830 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL005 1258 CGTGTATTGATGGAGTTCATTCA 112433619 (Myzus persicae) NL005 1259 AGGTCAAGGAGGCCAAGAAGC 92941126 (Drosophila virilis) NL005 1260 ACGTTACCCTTAGCCTTCATGTA 90812513 (Nasonia giraulti) NL005 1261 AAGGGTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAGCG 45552830 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1262 AGTCCCAGGAACACCTATCAG 21464337 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1263 ATTATTCCCTTCCCCGATCACAA 24646762 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1264 CACGCTATCCCATCTCGTATGACAATTGG 24646762 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1265 TACAAGTTCTGCAAAATTCGAGT 49573116 (Boophilus microplus) NL006 1266 ATGACAATTGGCCATTTAATTGAATG 50564037 (Homalodisca coagulata) NL006 1267 ACCTACACGCACTGCGAGATCCA 58384759 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL006 1268 GGTGTGGTGGAGTACATTGACAC 58384759 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL006 1269 ATTATTCCCTTCCCCGATCACAA 24646762 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1270 AGTCCCAGGAACACCTATCAG 22026793 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1271 CACGCTATCCCATCTCGTATGACAATTGG 24646762 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL006 1272 TCTCGTATGACAATTGGCCATTT 93000469 (Drosophila mojavensis) NL007 1273 GCAAACAAGTCATGATGTTCAG 15354019 (Apis mellifera) NL007 1274 GGTATGGGAAAAACTGCTGTATTTGTGTT 15354019 (Apis mellifera) NL007 1275 GAATGCATTCCTCAAGCTGTA 21068658 (Chironomus tentans) NL007 1276 TGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAGATCC 21068658 (Chironomus tentans) NL007 1277 TTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTATGA 2890413 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL007 1278 GATGACGAGGCCAAGCTGACGCT 49536419 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL007 1279 TGTGGTTTTGAACATCCATCTGAAGTACAACA 60308907 (Hister sp.) NL007 1280 GAAAACGAAAAGAACAAAAAG 77642464 (Aedes aegypti) NL007 1281 GGTATGGGAAAAACTGCTGTATTTGTGTT 110759359 (Apis mellifera) NL007 1282 GCAAACAAGTCATGATGTTCAG 110759359 (Apis mellifera) NL007 1283 CTGCAGCAGCACTATGTCAAACTCAA 90137538 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL007 1284 GAAAACGAAAAGAACAAAAAG 94468805 (Aedes aegypti) NL008 1285 TGCCAAGCCTAAAGATTTGGG 60315277 (Dysdera erythrina) NL008 1286 ATGTTCAAGAAAGTTAATGCTAGAGA 60336214 (Homalodisca coagulata) NL008 1287 GAGTTGTTGGTGTTCTTTTGGGATG 66522334 (Apis mellifera) NL008 1288 TTTCAAACAGTTTTGCAGTTCC 75735289 (Tribolium castaneum) NL008 1289 GAGTTGTTGGTGTTCTTTTGGGATG 110762109 (Apis mellifera) NL010_1 1290 AAGGACCTGACTGCCAAGCAG 2761430 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL010_1 1291 GCCAAGCAGATCCAGGACATG 49559867 (Boophilus microplus) NL010_1 1292 TGCTCGAAGAGCTACGTGTTCCG 49559867 (Boophilus microplus) NL010_1 1293 AAGAGCTACGTGTTCCGTGGC 92043082 (Drosophila willistoni) NL010_1 1294 AAGGACCTGACTGCCAAGCAG 92481328 (Drosophila erecta) 28571527 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL010_2 1295 ATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATTCTCAT 33427937 (Glossina morsitans) NL010_2 1296 ACCAGCAGTATTCAACCCGACA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) NL010_2 1297 TATTGATGGACACATTTTTCCA 47520567 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) NL010_2 1298 TTCAACAACAGTCCTGATGAAAC 55891325 (Locusta migratoria) NL010_2 1299 ATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATT 56151768 (Rhynchosciara americana), 75736992 (Tribolium castaneum) NL010_2 1300 CCGCAGTTCATGTACCATCTGCG 6932015 (Anopheles gambiae), 29558345 (Bombyx mori) NL010_2 1301 ATGGACACATTTTTCCAAATT 91086194 (Tribolium castaneum) NL011 1302 AAGAAGTATGTTGCCACCCTTGG 21640529 (Amblyomma variegatum) NL011 1303 GACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTCAAGGCCAAG 25959135 (Meladema coriacea) AGCATAGT NL011 1304 CAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGG 25959135 (Meladema coriacea), 77646995 (Aedes aegypti) NL011 1305 TACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCA 3114090 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL011 1306 TGCGAAAACATTCCCATTGTACT 37951963 (Ips pini) NL011 1307 AGGAAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGA 40544671 (Tribolium castaneum) NL011 1308 AGCAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 49565237 (Boophilus microplus), 49538692 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL011 1309 AACAAAGTAGACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTC 76552920 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AA NL011 1310 CCCAACTGGCACAGAGATTTAGTG 78230577 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) NL011 1311 GATGGTGGTACCGGCAAAACTAC 78538667 (Glossina morsitans) NL011 1312 TACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 84267747 (Aedes aegypti) NL011 1313 AACAAAGTAGACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTC 110263840 (Spodoptera frugiperda) AA NL011 1314 TTGACTTTCCTGTCCTTGATGTC 90136305 (Bicyclus anynana) NL011 1315 GACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTCAAGGC 90813103 (Nasonia vitripennis) NL011 1316 AGGAAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGA 91091115 (Tribolium castaneum) NL011 1317 GATGTCGTAGTACTGAAGGTTCTT 90136305 (Bicyclus anynana) NL011 1318 CAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGG 90977910 (Aedes aegypti) NL011 1319 CCAACCTGGAGTTCGTCGCCATGCC 92465523 (Drosophila erecta) NL011 1320 GAATTTGAAAAGAAGTATGTTGC 113015058 (Bemisia tabaci) NL011 1321 CTTCAGTACTACGACATCAGTGCGAA 110086408 (Amblyomma cajennense) NL011 1322 AGCAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 110086408 (Amblyomma cajennense) NL011 1323 AAGCTGATCGGTGACCCCAACCTGGAGTT 110086408 (Amblyomma cajennense) NL012 1324 CACAGTTTGAACAGCAAGCTGG 29552409 (Bombyx mori) NL012 1325 GCAGCAGACGCAGGCACAGGTAGA 77823921 (Aedes aegypti) NL012 1326 CACAGTTTGAACAGCAAGCTGG 94435913 (Bombyx mori) NL013 1327 CAAGCGAAGATGTTGGACATGCT 15536506 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL013 1328 ATGGTGGTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCC 49547019 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL013 1329 GTGGTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCC 58079586 (Amblyomma americanum) NL013 1330 GTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCC 82848521 (Boophilus microplus) NL013 1331 AAGATGTTGGACATGCTAAAGCAGACAGG 92229701 (Drosophila willistoni) NL013 1332 TGTCGGGTGTCGACATCAACAC 92962655 (Drosophila ananassae) NL013 1333 GTTCCCATGGAAGTTATGGGC 112433067 (Myzus persicae) NL013 1334 GTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCC 110085175 (Amblyomma cajennense) NL014 1335 GAGATCGATGCCAAGGCCGAGGA 1033187 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL014 1336 GAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGGA 16900951 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL014 1337 GAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGG 47518467 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) NL014 1338 GAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGAAGA 47518467 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) NL014 1339 TCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGC 61954844 (Tribolium castaneum) NL014 1340 TTTCATTGAGCAAGAAGCCAATGA 62239529 (Diabrotica virgifera), 76169390 (Diploptera punctata), 61954844 (Tribolium castaneum), 16900951 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL014 1341 CAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGA 111160670 (Myzus persicae) NL014 1342 TTTCATTGAGCAAGAAGCCAATGA 91092061 (Tribolium castaneum) NL014 1343 AGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGA 112432414 (Myzus persicae) NL014 1344 TCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGC 91092061 (Tribolium castaneum) NL014 1345 GCCAATGAGAAAGCCGAAGAGATCGATGCC 93001435 (Drosophila grimshawi) AA NL014 1346 AAAGCCGAAGAGATCGATGCCAA 92936169 (Drosophila virilis) NL014 1347 GAGATCGATGCCAAGGCCGAGGA 24644299 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL014 1348 GAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGG 86463006 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 111160670 (Myzus persicae) NL014 1349 GAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGGAAGGCT 90819999 (Graphocephala atropunctata) NL014 1350 AAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGG 111158385 (Myzus persicae) NL015 1351 GAGGTGCTGCGCATCCACACCAA 18887285 (Anopheles gambiae) NL015 1352 ATCCATGTGCTGCCCATTGATGA 21641659 (Amblyomma variegatum) NL015 1353 CATGTGCTGCCCATTGATGAT 22039735 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL015 1354 CTGCGCATCCACACCAAGAACATGAAGTTGG 22474136 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL015 1355 TTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGGACC 49552586 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL015 1356 GAGATGGTGGAGTTGCCGCTG 58371722 (Lonomia obliqua) NL015 1357 CAGATCAAAGAGATGGTGGAG 92947821 (Drosophila ananassae) NL015 1358 ATCAACGGACCCGAGATTATG 92947821 (Drosophila ananassae) NL015 1359 ATGAAGATGATGGCCGGTGCGTT 92470977 (Drosophila erecta) NL015 1360 CCGGCCATCATCTTCATCGATGAG 92480997 (Drosophila erecta) NL015 1361 ATCATCTTCATCGATGAGCTGGACGC 99007898 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) NL015 1362 CAGCTGCTGACGCTGATGGACGG 92941440 (Drosophila virilis) NL015 1363 ATCGACATTGGCATTCCCGATGCCACCGG 92947821 (Drosophila ananassae) NL016 1364 TCTATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAAC 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) NL016 1365 TACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCT 2921501 (Culex pipiens) NL016 1366 ATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAACCTGGC 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL016 1367 CGTGGCCAGAAAATCCCCATCTT 3945243 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL016 1368 TGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTG 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) NL016 1369 TGGCCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCCGG 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) NL016 1370 ATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAA 67883622 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) NL016 1371 CCCGAGGAAATGATCCAGACTGG 67883622 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) NL016 1372 TGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCT 67883622 (Drosophila pseudoobscura), 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL016 1373 GAGGAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCG 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) GTTACATGTACACCGAT NL016 1374 GAGGGTCGCAACGGCTCCATCAC 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) NL016 1375 GAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTT 75710699 (Tribolium castaneum) ACATGTACACCGAT NL016 1376 ATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAAC 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL016 1377 TGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCTCGT 9992660 (Drosophila melanogaster) CATCCT NL016 1378 CGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCG 9992660 (Drosophila melanogaster), 2921501 (Culex AT pipiens), 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) NL016 1379 TGGTCGCGTATCTATCCCGAGGAAATGATCC 92999374 (Drosophila grimshawi) AGAC NL016 1380 TGGTCGCGTATCTATCCCGAGGAAATGATCC 92940538 (Drosophila virilis) AGACTGG NL016 1381 TCTATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAAC 92938622 (Drosophila virilis) NL016 1382 ATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAAC 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) 90137502 (Spodoptera frugiperda) NL016 1383 AACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAAC 92946927 (Drosophila ananassae) NL016 1384 TGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCT 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) NL016 1385 TGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCTCGT 107256717 (Drosophila melanogaster) CATCCT NL016 1386 GCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCT 92985459 (Drosophila grimshawi) NL016 1387 GAGGAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCG 92938622 (Drosophila virilis) GTTACATGTACAC NL016 1388 GAGGAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCG 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) GTTACATGTACACCGAT NL016 1389 GAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTT 91090030 (Tribolium castaneum) ACATGTACACCGAT NL016 1390 CGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACAT 104530890 (Belgica antarctica) NL016 1391 CGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCG 92981037 (Drosophila grimshawi) AT 24646342 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL016 1392 CGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGAT 92957249 (Drosophila ananassae) NL016 1393 ATCGGTGTACATGTAACCGGGGAAACCA 103744758 (Drosophila melanogaster) NL016 1394 CGTCCGGCGCGCTCGTAGATGGT 91829127 (Bombyx mori) NL016 1395 GAGGGTCGCAACGGCTCCATCAC 92957249 (Drosophila ananassae) NL018 1396 CGGACGTGGCCTGGTTCATCA 92479742 (Drosophila erecta) NL019 1397 GTGGTGTACGACTGCACCGACCAGGAGTCGT 84343006 (Aedes aegypti) TCAACAAC NL019 1398 GAAAGTTACATCAGTACCATTGGTGT 113018639 (Bemisia tabaci) NL019 1399 CACCGACCAGGAGTCGTTCAACAAC 85857059 (Aedes aegypti) NL019 1400 AGTACCATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAAT 91087112 (Tribolium castaneum) NL019 1401 ATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAG 78542465 (Glossina morsitans) NL019 1402 GGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAGAAC 92232411 (Drosophila willistoni) NL019 1403 GGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAGAACAAT 90986845 (Aedes aegypti) NL019 1404 GTTCTAATTTTAAAATCTACAC 92043152 (Drosophila willistoni) NL019 1405 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAG 91091115 (Tribolium castaneum) NL019 1406 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 90982219 (Aedes aegypti) NL019 1407 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGT 94433465 (Bombyx mori) NL019 1408 GACCAGCTGGGCATTCCGTTCCT 10708384 (Amblyomma americanum) NL019 1409 ATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAATT 18864897 (Anopheles gambiae) NL019 1410 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTT 18888926 (Anopheles gambiae) NL019 1411 CAGGAGCGGTTCCGCACGATCAC 21640713 (Amblyomma variegatum) NL019 1412 ATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAGAAC 22039832 (Ctenocephalides felis) NL019 1413 ATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAG 33378174 (Glossina morsitans) NL019 1414 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAG 3738872 (Manduca sexta), 25959135 (Meladema coriacea), 40542849 (Tribolium castaneum), 67840088 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) NL019 1415 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGT 4161805 (Bombyx mori) NL019 1416 GATGACACATACACAGAAAGTTACATCAGTAC 50562545 (Homalodisca coagulata), 71047909 (Oncometopia nigricans) NL019 1417 ACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTTCCG 58378591 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL019 1418 AGTACCATTGGTGTAGATTTTAAAAT 61954135 (Tribolium castaneum) NL019 1419 TAAAGCTTCAGATTTGGGACAC 68758530 (Acanthoscurnia gomesiana) NL019 1420 ATTTGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGA 77667315 (Aedes aegypti) NL019 1421 GTGGTGTACGACTGCACCGACCAGGAGTCGT 77705629 (Aedes aegypti) TCAACAAC NL019 1422 GGTGTAGATTTTAAAATTAGAACAAT 77890715 (Aedes aegypti) NL019 1423 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 82851662 (Boophilus microplus), 49536894 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) NL022 1424 TCTTCCTCACCGGTCAGGAGGAGAT 6928515 (Anopheles gambiae) NL022 1425 AAATTCTCCGAGTTTTTCGACGATGC 91082872 (Tribolium castaneum) NL022 1426 TTCCTCACCGGTCAGGAGGAGAT 90976120 (Aedes aegypti) NL022 1427 TAGTATTGGCCACAAATATTGCAGA 92042565 (Drosophila willistoni) NL023 1428 TATTTGAACATATGGGTGCCGCA 20384699 (Plutella xylostella) NL023 1429 GAGGGAGAGGAAATGTGGAATCC 22085301 (Helicoverpa armigera) NL023 1430 CCGAAGATTGTCTGTATTTGAA 27531022 (Apis meilifera) NL023 1431 GATTCCGTTTGCGAAACCTCC 57929927 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL023 1432 GGTGCGTTCGGCTTCCTCTACCT 58380563 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) NL023 1433 CAATTCAATGCTAGGGAAAGG 110759012 (Apis mellifera) NL023 1434 GAGGGAGAGGAAATGTGGAATCC 55793188 (Helicoverpa assulta) NL023 1435 CCGAAGATTGTCTGTATTTGAA 58585075 (Apis mellifera) NL023 1436 GACGTCATCGTCGCCTCCATGCA 91077117 (Tribolium castaneum) NL027 1437 GGAGACCCTGGAGCTGGTGCG 49543279 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus)

TABLE 4-CS SEQ Target ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species CS001 1730 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 73619372 (Aphis gossypii); 77325485 (Chironomus tentans); 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera); 37951951 (Ips pini); 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus); 84647995 (Myzus persicae) CS001 1731 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACT 40877657 (Bombyx mori); 103783745 (Heliconius erato); 55904580 (Locusta migratoria); 101413238 (Plodia interpunctella) CS001 1732 AACCGGCTCAAGTACGCGCTCAC 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS001 1733 AACCGGCTCAAGTACGCGCTCACCGG 90134075 (Bicyclus anynana) CS001 1734 AAGATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTT 90134075 (Bicyclus anynana) CS001 1735 ACCAGATTGAACAACGTGTTCAT 71536878 (Diaphorina citri) 3658573 (Manduca sexta) CS001 1736 ATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTTTGAATC 103783745 (Heliconius erato) CS001 1737 CAAGATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTT 3478550 (Antheraea yamamai) CS001 1738 CCCCACAAGTTGCGCGAGTGC 63011732 (Bombyx mori) CS001 1739 CCCGCTGGATTTATGGATGTTGT 101403940 (Plodia interpunctella) CS001 1740 CCTCCAAGATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTT 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS001 1741 CCTGCCGCTGGTGATCTTCCT 27597800 (Anopheles gambiae) CS001 1742 CGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCC 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS001 1743 CTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCC 103783745 (Heliconius erato) 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) 101418268 (Plodia interpunctella) CS001 1744 CTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCCATCCAGCTC 3738704 (Manduca sexta) GACAT CS001 1745 CTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCCATCCAGCTC 53884106 (Plutella xylostella) GACATCGCCACCT CS001 1746 CTGCCGCTGGTGATCTTCCTC 27603050 (Anopheles gambiae) CS001 1747 GACCCCACATATCCCGCTGGATT 103783745 (Heliconius erato) CS001 1748 GCAGCGACTTATCAAAGTTGA 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) CS001 1749 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTGGG 67899746 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS001 1750 GCCACCTCCAAGATCATGGACTTCAT 110259010 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS001 1751 GCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCC 53884106 (Plutella xylostella) CS001 1752 GCTGGATTTATGGATGTTGTTT 29553519 (Bombyx mori) CS001 1753 GGCTCAAGTACGCGCTCACCGG 5498893 (Antheraea yamamai) CS001 1754 GTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAG 3953837 (Bombyx mandarina) 53884106 (Plutella xylostella) CS001 1755 GTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGCG 3478550 (Antheraea yamamai) CS001 1756 GTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGCGACAT 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) CCCGG CS001 1757 TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 58371410 (Lonomia obliqua) CS001 1758 TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) 31366663 (Toxoptera citricida) CS001 1759 TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACT 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) CS001 1760 TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTGGG 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) CS001 1761 TACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTGCGGCGCGTGGCG 98993531 (Antheraea mylitta) ACGGGCCC CS001 1762 TACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTGCGGCGCGTGGCG 5498893 (Antheraea yamamai) ACGGGCCCCAA CS001 1763 TACCCCGACCCACTCATCAAGGT 90134075 (Bicyclus anynana) CS001 1764 TGAACAACGTGTTCATAATCGG 98993531 (Antheraea mylitta) CS001 1765 TGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCTGGT 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS001 1766 TGTATGATCACGGGAGGCCGTAACTTGGG 60311445 (Euclidia glyphica) CS001 1767 TGTATGATCACGGGAGGCCGTAACTTGGGG 3953837 (Bombyx mandarina) CG CS001 1768 TGTATGATCACGGGAGGCCGTAACTTGGGG 91826697 (Bombyx mori) CGCGTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAG CS001 1769 TGTGCAAGGTGCGGCGCGTGGCGACGGGCC 3478550 (Antheraea yamamai) CCAAG CS001 1770 TTGAACAACGTGTTCATAATCGGCAAGGGC 3953837 (Bombyx mandarina) ACGAA 40915191 (Bombyx mori) CS002 1771 ATTGAGGCCCAAAGGGAAGCGCTAGAAGG 91849872 (Bombyx mori) CS002 1772 CACGATCTGATGGATGACATTG 33498783 (Anopheles gambiae) CS002 1773 GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGG 110762684 (Apis mellifera) CS002 1774 TATGAAAAGCAGCTTACCCAGAT 49552807 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) CS003 1775 AGGCACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCA 10707186 (Amblyomma americanum) CS003 1776 AAGATTGAGGACTTCTTGGAA 60295192 (Homalodisca coagulata) CS003 1777 AAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAA 92219983 (Drosophila willistoni) CS003 1778 ATCAGACAGAGGCACATCCGTGT 27260897 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS003 1779 ATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAG 101413529 (Plodia interpunctella) CS003 1780 ATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTG 92042852 (Drosophila willistoni) CS003 1781 ATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTGCT 92959651 (Drosophila ananassae) 112349903 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS003 1782 ATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTGCTCAC 90138123 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS003 1783 CACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCAAG 60306665 (Sphaerius sp.) CS003 1784 CACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCAAGT 77329341 (Chironomus tentans) CS003 1785 CACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCAAGTTG 60306676 (Sphaerius sp.) CS003 1786 CGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 92473214 (Drosophila erecta) 67888665 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS003 1787 CGTGTCCGCAAGCAAGTTGTGAACATCCC 90134575 (Bicyclus anynana) 29553137 (Bombyx mori) CS003 1788 CTCGCTGAAGTCTCCGTTCGGCGGCGGCCG 3986375 (Antheraea yamamai) CS003 1789 CTCGGTCTGAAGATTGAGGACTT 112349903 (Helicoverpa armigera) 49532931 (Plutella xylostella) CS003 1790 CTGGACTCTGGCAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 29553137 (Bombyx mori) 58371398 (Lonomia obliqua) CS003 1791 GACTTCTCGCTGAAGTCTCCGTTCGGCGGCGG 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) CS003 1792 GACTTCTCGCTGAAGTCTCCGTTCGGCGGCG 49532931 (Plutella xylostella) GCCG CS003 1793 GAGGAGAAAGACCCTAAGAGGTTATTCGAA 37952462 (Ips pini) GGTAA CS003 1794 GATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGA 67568544 (Anoplophora glabripennis) CS003 1795 GATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTGCT 67843629 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 56772258 (Drosophila virilis) CS003 1796 GATTATGTACTCGGTCTGAAGATTGAGGAC 101413529 (Plodia interpunctella) TT CS003 1797 GGTCTGAAGATTGAGGACTTCTTGGA 2699490 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS003 1798 GTGTGGAGGGTGAAGTACACGCT 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) CS003 1799 GTGTTCAAGGCTGGTCTAGCTAAGTC 78230982 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) CS003 1800 GTGTTGGATGAGAAGCAGATGAAGCTCGAT 112349903 (Helicoverpa armigera) TATGT CS003 1801 TGAAGATTGAGGACTTCTTGGA 3986375 (Antheraea yamamai) CS003 1802 TGGACTCTGGCAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 78230982 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) CS003 1803 TGGATGAGAAGCAGATGAAGCT 60312414 (Papilio dardanus) CS003 1804 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGT 76552467 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS003 1805 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 33528372 (Trichoplusia ni) CS006 1806 CGTATGACAATTGGTCACTTGATTGA 91831926 (Bombyx mori) CS006 1807 GAAGATATGCCTTTCACTTGTGAAGG 55801622 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CS006 1808 GGAAAAACTATAACTTTGCCAGAAAA 40926289 (Bombyx mori) CS006 1809 GGTGATGCTACACCATTTAACGATGCTGT 31366154 (Toxoptera citricida) CS006 1810 TCTCGTATGACAATTGGTCACTTGAT 49201759 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS006 1811 CTGTCAACGTGCAGAAGATCTC 49573116 (Boophilus microplus) CS007 1812 TGGATGAATGTGACAAAATGCTTGAA 84114516 (Blomia tropicalis) CS007 1813 TTTATGCAAGATCCTATGGAAGT 84114516 (Blomia tropicalis) CS007 1814 AAATTTATGCAAGATCCTATGGAAGTTTAT 78525380 (Glossina morsitans) GT CS007 1815 AATATGACTCAAGATGAGCGTCT 90137538 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS007 1816 ATGACTCAAGATGAGCGTCTCTCCCG 103792212 (Heliconius erato) CS007 1817 ATGCAAGATCCTATGGAAGTTTA 77336752 (Chironomus tentans) CS007 1818 ATGCAAGATCCTATGGAAGTTTATGT 77873166 (Aedes aegypti) CS007 1819 CGCTATCAGCAGTTCAAAGATTTCCAGAAG 77873166 (Aedes aegypti) CS007 1820 GAAAATGAAAAGAATAAGAAG 110759359 (Apis mellifera) 78525380 (Glossina morsitans) CS007 1821 GAAGTTCAACATGAATGTATTCC 110759359 (Apis mellifera) CS007 1822 GATGAGCGTCTCTCCCGCTATCA 40932719 (Bombyx mori) CS007 1823 TGCCAATTCAGAAAGATGAAGAAGT 110759359 (Apis mellifera) CS007 1824 TGTAAGAAATTTATGCAAGATC 45244844 (Bombyx mori) CS009 1825 AGGTGTGCGACGTGGACATCA 92460383 (Drosophila erecta) CS009 1826 GACTTGAAGGAGCACATCAGGAA 29534871 (Bombyx mori) CS009 1827 GGCCAGAACATCCACAACTGTGA 29534871 (Bombyx mori) CS009 1828 TCTTGCGAGGGAGAGAATCCA 111005781 (Apis mellifera) CS011 1829 AAAACTATTGTTTTCCACAGAAAAAAGAA 86465126 (Bombyx mori) CS011 1830 ATCAAGGACAGAAAAGTCAAAGC 78230577 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) CS011 1831 ATCTCTGCCAAGTCAAACTACAA 101406907 (Plodia interpunctella) CS011 1832 CAATGTGCCATCATCATGTTCGA 110242457 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS011 1833 CCCAACTGGCACAGAGATTTAGTGCG 78230577 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) CS011 1834 GACACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAAAAGATA 101410627 (Plodia interpunctella) CS011 1835 GATATCAAGGACAGAAAAGTCAA 60312108 (Papillo dardanus) CS011 1836 GCCAAGTCAAACTACAATTTCGA 67873076 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS011 1837 GCTGGCCAAGAAAAGTTTGGTGGT 111031693 (Apis mellifera) CS011 1838 GGCCAAGAAAAGTTTGGTGGTCTCCG 84267747 (Aedes aegypti) CS011 1839 TACAAAAATGTACCCAACTGGCA 92963426 (Drosophila grimshawi) 37951963 (Ips pini) CS011 1840 TACAAAAATGTACCCAACTGGCACAGAGA 60312108 (Papilio dardanus) CS011 1841 TATGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAA 40929360 (Bombyx mori) CS011 1842 TATGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAAA 110749704 (Apis mellifera) CS011 1843 TGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAA 73618835 (Aphis gossypii) 112432160 (Myzus persicae) CS011 1844 TGTGCCATCATCATGTTCGATGT 84346664 (Aedes aegypti) CS011 1845 TTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAAA 90136305 (Bicyclus anynana) 78230577 (Heliconius erato/himera mixed EST library) 60312108 (Papilio dardanus) CS011 1846 TTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAAAA 86465126 (Bombyx mori) 110262261 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS011 1847 TGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAA 21639295 (Sarcoptes scabiei) CS013 1848 GATCCCATTCAGTCTGTCAAGGG 3626535 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS013 1849 TTCCAAGCAAAGATGTTGGATATGTTGAA 112433067 (Myzus persicae) CS014 1850 AAAAAGATCCAATCTTCGAACATGCTGAA 103775905 (Heliconius erato) CS014 1851 AAACAAGTGGAACTCCAGAAAAA 101403826 (Plodia interpunctella) CS014 1852 AAAGTGCGTGAGGACCACGTACG 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) 3738660 (Manduca sexta) CS014 1853 AAGATCAGCAACACTCTGGAGTC 58371699 (Lonomia obliqua) CS014 1854 AAGATCAGCAACACTCTGGAGTCTCG 91848497 (Bombyx mori) CS014 1855 AAGATCCAATCTTCGAACATG 77790417 (Aedes aegypti) CS014 1856 AAGATCCAATCTTCGAACATGCTGAA 91756466 (Bombyx mori) CS014 1857 AAGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATC 90814338 (Nasonia vitripennis) GAACA CS014 1858 AAGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATC 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) GAACAAGAGGC CS014 1859 ATGATGGCCTTCATCGAACAAGA 111158385 (Myzus persicae) CS014 1860 ATGATGGCCTTCATCGAACAAGAGGC 98993392 (Antheraea mylitta) 91756466 (Bombyx mori) 103775905 (Heliconius erato) CS014 1861 CAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATCGA 53884266 (Plutella xylostella) CS014 1862 CAGCAGCGGCTCAAGATCATGGAATACTA 101403826 (Plodia interpunctella) CS014 1863 CATATGATGGCCTTCATCGAACAAGAGGC 101403826 (Plodia interpunctella) CS014 1864 CTCAAAGTGCGTGAGGACCACGT 103775905 (Heliconius erato) CS014 1865 CTCAAGATCATGGAATACTACGA 15068660 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS014 1866 GAAATCGATGCAAAGGCCGAAGAGGAGTTC 103775905 (Heliconius erato) AA CS014 1867 GAACTCCAGAAAAAGATCCAATC 76551032 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS014 1868 GAACTCCAGAAAAAGATCCAATCTTCGAAC 87266590 (Choristoneura fumiferana) ATGCTGAA CS014 1869 GAGGAAATCGATGCAAAGGCCGA 76551032 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS014 1870 GCCGAAGAGGAGTTCAACATTGAAAAAGG 33374540 (Glossina morsitans) CS014 1871 GCGCCTGGCTGAGGTGCCCAA 101403826 (Plodia interpunctella) CS014 1872 GGCCGCCTGGTGCAGCAGCAGCG 24975647 (Anopheles gambiae) CS014 1873 GGCTCAAGATCATGGAATACTA 37593557 (Pediculus humanus) CS014 1874 GGCTCAAGATCATGGAATACTACGA 58371699 (Lonomia obliqua) CS014 1875 TACGAAAAGAAAGAGAAACAAGT 33374540 (Glossina morsitans) CS014 1876 TGAAGGTGCTCAAAGTGCGTGAGGA 92976185 (Drosophila grimshawi) 92994742 (Drosophila mojavensis) CS014 1877 TTCAAAAGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCT 3738660 (Manduca sexta) TCATCGAACAAGAGGC CS015 1878 AACGGGCCGGAGATCATGTCCAA 92480997 (Drosophila erecta) CS015 1879 AACTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCG 91086234 (Tribolium castaneum) CS015 1880 ATCTTCATCGATGAACTGGATGC 56152379 (Rhynchosciara americana) CS015 1881 CATATATTGCCCATTGATGATTC 58371642 (Lonomia obliqua) CS015 1882 CTCATGTATGGGCCGCCTGGTACCGG 83423460 (Bombyx mori) CS015 1883 CTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCG 92948836 (Drosophila ananassae) CS015 1884 GAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGT 4691131 (Aedes aegypti) 92466521 (Drosophila erecta) 15070638 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS015 1885 GTACATATATTGCCCATTGAT 90133859 (Bicyclus anynana) CS015 1886 TCATCGCACGTGATCGTAATGGC 22474136 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS015 1887 TTCATGGTTCGCGGGGGCATG 29551125 (Bombyx mori) CS016 1888 AAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCA 55797015 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) CG 73615307 (Aphis gossypii) CS016 1889 AAGTTGTCCTCGTGGTCGTCCA 91826756 (Bombyx mori) CS016 1890 ACAGATCTGGGCGGCAATTTC 18950388 (Anopheles gambiae) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) CS016 1891 ACAGCCTTCATGGCCTGCACGTCCTT 76169888 (Diploptera punctata) 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) CS016 1892 ACATCAGAGTGGTCCTTGCGGGTCAT 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1893 ACCAGCACGTGTTTCTCACACTGGTA 91829127 (Bombyx mori) CS016 1894 ACCTCCTCACGGGCGGCGGACAC 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CS016 1895 ACGACAGCCTTCATGGCCTGCACGTCCTT 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS016 1896 ACGTAGATCTGTCCCTCAGTGATGTA 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CS016 1897 AGAGCCTCCGCGTACGAAGACATGTC 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CS016 1898 AGCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTC 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) CS016 1899 AGCAGCTGCCAGCCGATGTCCAG 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 110242332 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1900 AGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACG 63005818 (Bombyx mori) 92967975 (Drosophila mojavensis) 92938364 (Drosophila virilis) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) CS016 1901 AGGGCTTCCTCACCGACGACAGCCTTCATG 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) GCCTG CS016 1902 ATACCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGG 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) CS016 1903 ATACGGGACCAGGGGTTGATGGGCTG 92953552 (Drosophila ananassae) CS016 1904 ATAGCGGAGATACCAGTCTGGATCAT 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1905 ATCTGGGCGGCAATTTCGTTGTG 83937869 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) CS016 1906 ATGGCAGACTTCATGAGACGA 55894053 (Locusta migratoria) CS016 1907 ATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACC 92965644 (Drosophila grimshawi) CS016 1908 ATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCT 92969578 (Drosophila grimshawi) CS016 1909 ATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCT 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) GGGAAACCACG CS016 1910 ATTCAAGAACAGGCACACGTTCTCCATGGA 67841091 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) GCCGTTCTCCTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAA CS016 1911 ATTGGGGGACCTTTGTCAATGGGTTTTCC 49395165 (Drosophila melanogaster) 99009492 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) CS016 1912 CACACGTTCTCCATGGAGCCGTTCTCCTCGA 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) AGTCCTGCTTGAAGAA CS016 1913 CACTGGTAGGCCAAGAACTCAGC 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) CS016 1914 CATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACG 16899457 (Ctenocephalides felis) 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1915 CCCTCACCGATGGCAGACTTCAT 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1916 CCGATGGCAGACTTCATGAGACG 71049259 (Oncometopia nigricans) CS016 1917 CCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCATGGCGGCGA 33547658 (Anopheles gambiae) ACACGATGGC CS016 1918 CCGTTCTCCTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) CS016 1919 CCGTTCTCCTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACC 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) CS016 1920 CGAGCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTCGATAGCG 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) GAGATACCAGTCTGGATCAT CS016 1921 CGGGCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCATGGCG 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) GCGAACACGATGGC CS016 1922 CGTCCGGGCACCTCCTCACGGGCGGC 18883474 (Anopheles gambiae) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) CS016 1923 CGTCCGGGCACCTCCTCACGGGCGGCGGAC 9713 (Manduca sexta) AC 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1924 CTACAGATCTGGGCGGCAATTTC 91826756 (Bombyx mori) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CS016 1925 CTACAGATCTGGGCGGCAATTTCGTTGTG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1926 CTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATC 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CS016 1927 CTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACAT 18883474 (Anopheles gambiae) GTA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) CS016 1928 CTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACAT 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) GTAACC 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS016 1929 CTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACAT 9713 (Manduca sexta) GTAACCTGGGAAACCACG 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CS016 1930 GAACAGGCACACGTTCTCCATGGA 92962756 (Drosophila ananassae) CS016 1931 GACTCGAATACTGTGCGGTTCTCGTAGTT 87266757 (Choristoneura fumiferana) 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1932 GACTTCATGAGACGAGACAGGGAAGGCAG 9713 (Manduca sexta) CACGTT CS016 1933 GAGATACCAGTCTGGATCATTTC 92969748 (Drosophila mojavensis) CS016 1934 GAGATACCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTC 92935139 (Drosophila virilis) CS016 1935 GATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGG 2921501 (Culex pipiens) CS016 1936 GATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGT 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) CS016 1937 GATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGTGAGGAA 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CTCGAGGTAGAGCA CS016 1938 GATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGA 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CS016 1939 GCACACGTTCTCCATGGAGCCGTTCTC 104530890 (Belgica antarctica) CS016 1940 GCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAA 91829127 (Bombyx mori) CCACGTCGTCCGGG CS016 1941 GCCAAGAACTCAGCAGCAGTCA 237458 (Heliothis virescens) CS016 1942 GCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCA 83937868 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) CS016 1943 GCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCAT 92965644 (Drosophila grimshawi) CS016 1944 GCCTGCACGTCCTTACCGATGGCGTAGCA 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1945 GCCTTCATGGCCTGCACGTCCTT 39675733 (Anopheles gambiae) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) CS016 1946 GCCTTCATGGCCTGCACGTCCTTACCGATGG 2921501 (Culex pipiens) CGTAGCA CS016 1947 GCGGCGAACACGATGGCAAAGTT 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 92965644 (Drosophila grimshawi) CS016 1948 GCGGCGAACACGATGGCAAAGTTGTCCTCG 77905105 (Aedes aegypti) TG CS016 1949 GCGTACAGCTGGTTGGAAACATC 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CS016 1950 GGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGC 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) ATAGT CS016 1951 GGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGC 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) ATAGTCA CS016 1952 GGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) CS016 1953 GGCAGACCGGCAGCCGAGAAAATGGGGAT 67841091 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) CTT CS016 1954 GGCATAGTCAAGATGGGGATCTG 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) CS016 1955 GGCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCATGGC 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) CS016 1956 GGCGGGTAGATCTGTCTGTTGTG 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 92965644 (Drosophila grimshawi) 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) CS016 1957 GGCGGGTAGATCTGTCTGTTGTGGAGCTGA 237458 (Heliothis virescens) CGGTCTACGTAGATCTGTCCCTCAGT 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1958 GGGAAGATACGGAGCAGCTGCCA 60336551 (Homalodisca coagulata) CS016 1959 GGGTTGATGGGCTGTCCCTGGATGTCCAA 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CS016 1960 GGTTTTCCAGAGCCGTTGAATAC 62238871 (Diabrotica virgifera) CS016 1961 GTGATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGT 87266757 (Choristoneura fumiferana) CS016 1962 GTGCGGTTCTCGTAGTTGCCCTG 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 92938364 (Drosophila virilis) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) CS016 1963 GTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 75469507 (Tribolium castaneum) CS016 1964 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACG 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) CS016 1965 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGTCG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) CS016 1966 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGTCGT 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CCGGGCACCTCCTCACGGGCGGC CS016 1967 TCAGAGTGGTCCTTGCGGGTCAT 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1968 TCAGCAAGGATTGGGGGACCTTTGTC 10763875 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1969 TCCTCACCGACGACAGCCTTCATGGCCTG 92969578 (Drosophila grimshawi) CS016 1970 TCCTCAGGGTAGATACGGGACCA 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1971 TCCTCAGGGTAGATACGGGACCAGGGGTTG 22474040 (Helicoverpa armigera) ATGGGCTG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1972 TCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACC 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1973 TCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATG 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) TAACC CS016 1974 TCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATG 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) TAACCTGGGAAACCACG CS016 1975 TCTACGTAGATCTGTCCCTCAGTGATGTA 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) CS016 1976 TGCACGTCCTTACCGATGGCGTAGCA 9713 (Manduca sexta) 75710699 (Tribolium castaneum) CS016 1977 TGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) CS016 1978 TGGTAGGCCAAGAACTCAGCAGC 9713 (Manduca sexta) CS016 1979 TTCAAGAACAGGCACACGTTCTCCAT 18883474 (Anopheles gambiae) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 92933153 (Drosophila virilis) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) CS016 1980 TTCAAGAACAGGCACACGTTCTCCATGGA 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) CS016 1981 TTCTCACACTGGTAGGCCAAGAA 18883474 (Anopheles gambiae) CS016 1982 TTCTCCTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAA 83937868 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) CS016 1983 TTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACG 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 8809 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) CS016 1984 TTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACGGAGCA 83928466 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) CS016 1985 TTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACGGAGC 50559098 (Homalodisca coagulata) AGCTGCCA 71049259 (Oncometopia nigricans) CS016 1986 TTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACGGAGC 87266757 (Choristoneura fumiferana) AGCTGCCAGCCGATGTC CS018 1987 TCCGACTACTCTTCCACGGAC 31659029 (Anopheles gambiae)

TABLE 4-PX Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PX001 2120 AACAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCACGAA 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2121 AACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAG 27562760 (Anopheles gambiae) 58378595 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX001 2122 AACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGG 42764924 (Armigeres subalbatus) PX001 2123 AACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGG 71048604 (Oncometopia nigricans) PX001 2124 AACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCACGAA 112783858 (Anopheles funestus) PX001 2125 AACTTGGGGCGAGTGGGCACCATCGTGTC 90132259 (Bicyclus anynana) PX001 2126 AACTTGGGGCGAGTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAG 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2127 AAGATCGTGAAGCAGCGCCTCATCAAGGTGG 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) ACGGCAAGGT PX001 2128 AAGGTCCGCACCGACCCCACCTA 14627585 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX001 2129 AAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTG 5498893 (Antheraea yamamai) 90132259 (Bicyclus anynana) 92969396 (Drosophila grimshawi) 50818668 (Heliconius melpomene) 58371410 (Lonomia obliqua) PX001 2130 ACAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCACGAA 103783745 (Heliconius erato) PX001 2131 ACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGACCC 77890923 (Aedes aegypti) PX001 2132 ACGGCCGCACGCTGCGCTACCCCGACCCGCTCATCAAGG 101413238 (Plodia interpunctella) TCAACGACTCC PX001 2133 ACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCAC 109509107 (Culex pipiens) PX001 2134 AGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGT 27566312 (Anopheles gambiae) 67889891 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX001 2135 AGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 92944919 (Drosophila ananassae) 67886177 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 92045792 (Drosophila willistoni) PX001 2136 AGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTG 92929731 (Drosophila virilis) PX001 2137 CAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAA 109509107 (Culex pipiens) PX001 2138 CAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGCA 55816641 (Drosophila yakuba) PX001 2139 CACACCTTCGCCACCAGGTTGAACAACGTGTT 3986403 (Antheraea yamamai) PX001 2140 CCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCG 2886669 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX001 2141 CCGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCT 92944919 (Drosophila ananassae) PX001 2142 CCGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 15480750 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX001 2143 CCGCACAAGCTGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCT 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2144 CGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCC 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2145 CGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCT 58378595 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX001 2146 CGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTG 18914191 (Anopheles gambiae) PX001 2147 CGAGTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAG 3986403 (Antheraea yamamai) PX001 2148 CGCTACCCCGACCCGCTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCC 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2149 CGCTTCACCATCCACCGCATCAC 103783745 (Heliconius erato) PX001 2150 CGGCAACGAGGTGCTGAAGATCGT 90132259 (Bicyclus anynana) PX001 2151 CGTAACTTGGGGCGAGTGGGCAC 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) PX001 2152 CTACCCGGCTGGATTCATGGATGT 42764924 (Armigeres subalbatus) PX001 2153 CTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCC 103783745 (Heliconius erato) PX001 2154 CTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCCATCCAGCTCGACAT 3738704 (Manduca sexta) PX001 2155 GACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGAC 109509107 (Culex pipiens) PX001 2156 GACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGACCC 77759638 (Aedes aegypti) PX001 2157 GAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 67841491 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX001 2158 GAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTG 56772971 (Drosophila virilis) PX001 2159 GAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAA 112350001 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX001 2160 GAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTG 98993531 (Antheraea mylitta) PX001 2161 GCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 67838306 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) PX001 2162 GCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCG 2151718 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX001 2163 GCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAA 5498893 (Antheraea yamamai) PX001 2164 GCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAG 3986403 (Antheraea yamamai) PX001 2165 GGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 92942537 (Drosophila ananassae) PX001 2166 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCG 4459798 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX001 2167 GGCGGCGTGTACGCGCCGCGGCCC 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) PX001 2168 GTCCGCACCGACCCCACCTACCC 92472430 (Drosophila erecta) 55854272 (Drosophila yakuba) PX001 2169 GTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGAG 3953837 (Bombyx mandarina) 29554802 (Bombyx mori) PX001 2170 TCAAGGTGGACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGACCC 92944919 (Drosophila ananassae) PX001 2171 TGATCTACGATGTGAAGGGACG 83935965 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) PX001 2172 TTCATGGATGTTGTGTCGATTGAAAA 90132259 (Bicyclus anynana) PX001 2173 GCTGGATTCATGGATGTTGTG 10707240 (Amblyomma americanum) PX001 2174 AAGCAGCGCCTCATCAAGGTGGACGGCAAGGTCCGCAC 49545866 (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) CGAC PX009 2175 AACATCTTCAACTGTGACTTC 93001544 (Drosophila mojavensis) PX009 2176 TGATCAACATCGAGTGCAAAGC 110755556 (Apis mellifera) PX009 2177 TTCTTGAAGCTGAATAAGATCT 103750396 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX010 2178 CAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTCAACAA 71553175 (Oncometopia nigricans) PX010 2179 CCATCAGCGGACGGTGGCGCCCCCGTG 90139187 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX010 2180 CCCGCAGTTCATGTACCACCTGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTC 67893194 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX010 2181 CCGAACAGCTTCCGTCTGTCGGAGAACTTCAG 29558345 (Bombyx mori) PX010 2182 CGCCTGTGCCAGAAGTTCGGCGAGTACG 58395529 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX010 2183 CTGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGT 18872210 (Anopheles gambiae) PX010 2184 CTGTACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCA 29558345 (Bombyx mori) PX010 2185 GACGTGCTGCGCTGGCTCGACCG 29558345 (Bombyx mori) PX010 2186 GACGTGTCGCTGCAAGTGTTCATGGAGCA 18872210 (Anopheles gambiae) PX010 2187 GAGTACGAGAACTTCAAGCAGCTGCTGC 77886140 (Aedes aegypti) 18872210 (Anopheles gambiae) 49376735 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67893324 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX010 2188 GGCGGGGCGATGCCGATACCATC 91757875 (Bombyx mori) PX010 2189 GTGGCTGCATACAGTTCATTACGCAGTACCAGCAC 28571527 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX010 2190 TCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTCAACAA 92932090 (Drosophila virilis) PX010 2191 TGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTCAACAA 67893324 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX010 2192 TGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTCAACAACTCGC 92952825 (Drosophila ananassae) CCGACGAGACCAC PX010 2193 TTCATGTACCACCTGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTC 28571527 (Drosophila melanogaster) TTCAACAACTCGCCCGACGAGACCAC PX010 2194 ATCCTGCTCATGGACACCTTCTTCCA 82842646 (Boophilus microplus) PX015 2195 CACCGCGACGACACGTTCATGGTGCGCGGCGG 58371643 (Lonomia obliqua) PX015 2196 CAGATCAAGGAGATGGTGGAG 92480997 (Drosophila erecta) 58371722 (Lonomia obliqua) PX015 2197 CCCGACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAA 67873606 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX015 2198 CCCGACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGT 15070733 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX015 2199 CCGACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGT 92459970 (Drosophila erecta) PX015 2200 CGCAAGGAGACCGTGTGCATTGTGCT 67873606 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX015 2201 GACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCG 18914444 (Anopheles gambiae) PX015 2202 GACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGT 4691131 (Aedes aegypti) PX015 2203 GCGCAGATCAAGGAGATGGTGGAGCT 99007898 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) PX015 2204 GGCATGCGCGCCGTCGAGTTC 6901917 (Bombyx mori) PX015 2205 GTGCGCGGCGGCATGCGCGCC 67891252 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX015 2206 TCAAGGAGATGGTGGAGCTGC 27819993 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX015 2207 TGAAGCCGTACTTCATGGAGGC 29559940 (Bombyx mori) PX015 2208 TGCCGCAAGCAGCTGGCGCAGATCAAGGAGATGGT 18914444 (Anopheles gambiae) PX015 2209 TGGAGGCGTACCGGCCCATCCAC 18914444 (Anopheles gambiae) PX016 2210 AAGGACCACTCCGACGTGTCCAA 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) PX016 2211 AAGGACGTGCAGGCGATGAAGGC 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) 110248186 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2212 ACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTCATC 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67900295 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2213 ACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTCATCAC 87266757 (Choristoneura fumiferana) PX016 2214 ACCGCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGA 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2215 ACCGGCGATATTCTGCGCACGCCCGTCTC 92940287 (Drosophila virilis) PX016 2216 AGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGG 67880606 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX016 2217 ATCACGCAGATCCCCATCCTGACCATGCC 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX016 2218 ATCTTGACCGACATGTCTTCATACGC 104530890 (Belgica antarctica) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) PX016 2219 ATGACCAGGAAGGACCACTCCGACGT 75713096 (Tribolium castaneum) PX016 2220 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCA 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PX016 2221 CAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCCGCCGGTCTGCCCCAC 92460896 (Drosophila erecta) AACGA 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX016 2222 CAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGT 2921501 (Culex pipiens) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2223 CCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTCATC 2921501 (Culex pipiens) PX016 2224 CCCATCAACCCGTGGTCCCGTATCTACCCGGAGGA 2921501 (Culex pipiens) PX016 2225 CCCGACTTGACCGGGTACATCACTGAGGGACAGATCTAC 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) GT PX016 2226 CCCGGACGACGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACAC 91829127 (Bombyx mori) PX016 2227 CCTGGACATCCAGGGGCAGCCCATCAACCC 91090030 (Tribolium castaneum) PX016 2228 CGACGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACGGATTTGGC 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2229 CGTCTCATGAAGTCCGCCATCGG 91829127 (Bombyx mori) PX016 2230 CGTCTCATGAAGTCCGCCATCGGAGAGGGCATGACC 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2231 CGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTC 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PX016 2232 CGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGC 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2233 CGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACAC 55797015 (Acyrthosiphon pisum) 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 73615307 (Aphis gossypii) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PX016 2234 CGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACGGATTTGGCCACA 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) ATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGGCG PX016 2235 CTACGAGAACCGCACAGTGTTCGAGTC 112350031 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2236 CTGCGTATCTTCCCCAAGGAGAT 63005818 (Bombyx mori) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) 56773982 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 92935600 (Drosophila virilis) 92220609 (Drosophila willistoni) 112350031 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2237 CTGTACGCGTGCTACGCCATCGG 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2238 CTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGA 16898595 (Ctenocephalides felis) PX016 2239 CTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGACCC 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) PX016 2240 GACAACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGC 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) PX016 2241 GACAACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGC 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2242 GACAACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGCCATGGG 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX016 2243 GACCGTCAGCTGCACAACAGGCA 50564193 (Homalodisca coagulata) PX016 2244 GACCTGCTCTACCTCGAGTTC 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX016 2245 GACGTGATGAACTCCATCGCCCG 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2246 GACGTGATGAACTCCATCGCCCGTGG 22474040 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX016 2247 GAGAACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGT 91829127 (Bombyx mori) PX016 2248 GAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTATCTCCGCTAT 237458 (Heliothis virescens) 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2249 GAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTATCTCCGCTATCGACGTG 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) ATGAACTCCAT PX016 2250 GAGGAGGCGCTCACGCCCGACGAC 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2251 GAGTTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAA 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) PX016 2252 GCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGG 101403557 (Plodia interpunctella) PX016 2253 GCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCAT 67877903 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX016 2254 GCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTC 6901845 (Bombyx mori) PX016 2255 GCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCCGC 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) PX016 2256 GCCGAGTTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAA 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX016 2257 GCCGAGTTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAACACGTGTTG 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) GT PX016 2258 GCCGCCCGTGAGGAGGTGCCCGGACG 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 9713 (Manduca sexta) 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2259 GCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAACACGTGTTGGTAATCTTGACC 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) GACATGTC PX016 2260 GGCAGATCTACCCGCCGGTGAA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX016 2261 GGCGAGGAGGCGCTCACGCCCGACGA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX016 2262 GGTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTC 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) PX016 2263 GGTTACATGTACACGGATTTGGCCAC 92924977 (Drosophila virilis) PX016 2264 GTGGTGGGCGAGGAGGCGCTCACGCC 112349870 (Helicoverpa armigera) PX016 2265 GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCG 92997483 (Drosophila grimshawi) PX016 2266 GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCGCAC 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) 92048971 (Drosophila willistoni) PX016 2267 TACCAGTGCGAGAAACACGTGTTGGT 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2268 TACGCCATCGGCAAGGACGTGCAGGCGATGAAGGC 87266757 (Choristoneura fumiferana) PX016 2269 TCCATCACGCAGATCCCCATCCT 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) PX016 2270 TCCGGCAAGCCCATCGACAAGGG 92460896 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) 22474040 (Helicoverpa armigera) 237458 (Heliothis virescens) PX016 2271 TCTACGAGCGCGCCGGGCGAGTC 33528180 (Trichoplusia ni) PX016 2272 TCTCGTCTCATGAAGTCCGCCATCGG 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2273 TGACTGCTGCCGAGTTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAAC 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) ACGTGTTGGT PX016 2274 TGCACAACAGGCAGATCTACCC 62239897 (Diabrotica virgifera) PX016 2275 TGCGTATCTTCCCCAAGGAGAT 16900620 (Ctenocephalides felis) 92967975 (Drosophila mojavensis) PX016 2276 TGCTACGCCATCGGCAAGGACGTGCAGGC 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 92953069 (Drosophila ananassae) 92477149 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) 67898824 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 55694467 (Drosophila yakuba) PX016 2277 TGCTCTACCTCGAGTTCCTCACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACT 76555122 (Spodoptera frugiperda) TCATC PX016 2278 TGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAA 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) PX016 2279 TGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGA 55905051 (Locusta migratoria) PX016 2280 TGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGA 91090030 (Tribolium castaneum) PX016 2281 TTCAACGGCTCCGGCAAGCCCAT 76554661 (Spodoptera frugiperda) PX016 2282 TTCAACGGCTCCGGCAAGCCCATCGACAAGGG 4680479 (Aedes aegypti) 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 67877903 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) PX016 2283 TTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAGAA 92972277 (Drosophila grimshawi) PX016 2284 TTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGT 92950254 (Drosophila ananassae) PX016 2285 TTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAA 83937868 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) PX016 2286 TTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGG 92477818 (Drosophila erecta) PX016 2287 TTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGGTTC 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) PX016 2288 TTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAG 24646340 (Drosophila melanogaster) AACGT PX016 2289 TTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGACCC 9713 (Manduca sexta) PX016 2290 TTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAA 31206154 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) 67883622 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) 92231646 (Drosophila willistoni)

TABLE 4-AD Target SEQ ID ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species AD001 2384 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 73619372 (Aphis gossypii); 77325485 (Chironomus tentans); 22474232 (Helicoverpa armigera); 37951951 (Ips pini); 60305420 (Mycetophagus quadripustulatus); 84647995 (Myzus persicae) AD001 2385 AAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACT 94432102 (Bombyx mori); 103790417 (Heliconius erato); 55904580 (Locusta migratoria); 101419954 (Plodia interpunctella) AD001 2386 AAAGGTATTCCATTCTTGGTGACCCATGATGG 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) CCGTACTATCCGTTATCCTGACCCAGTCATTA AAGT AD001 2387 AACTGTGAAGTAACGAAGATTGTTATGCAGC 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) GACTTATCAAAGTTGA AD001 2388 AAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAA 3658572 (Manduca sexta) AD001 2389 AAGGGTAAGGGTGTGAAATTGAGTAT 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AD001 2390 AATGTATTCATCATTGGAAAAGC 55904577 (Locusta migratoria) AD001 2391 AGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAA 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) 73619372 (Aphis gossypii) AD001 2392 AGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAAATGC 27620566 (Anopheles gambiae) AD001 2393 AGTACTGGCCCCCACAAATTGCG 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AD001 2394 AGTGCAGAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCT 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AD001 2395 ATCGCCGAGGAGCGGGACAAGC 3953837 (Bombyx mandarina) 94432102 (Bombyx mori) AD001 2396 CAAGGACATACTTTTGCCACAAGATTGAATAA 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) TGTATTCATCATTGGAAA AD001 2397 CAGAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCT 42764924 (Armigeres subalbatus) AD001 2398 CATGATGGCCGTACTATCCGTTA 73613065 (Aphis gossypii) AD001 2399 CATGATGGCCGTACTATCCGTTATCCTGACCC 31365398 (Toxoptera citricida) AD001 2400 CATTTGAAGCGTTTAAATGCTCC 27557322 (Anopheles gambiae) AD001 2401 CCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGAC 77324536 (Chironomus tentans) AD001 2402 CCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 58371410 (Lonomia obliqua) AD001 2403 CCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAA 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) 30031258 (Toxoptera citricida) AD001 2404 CCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACT 98994282 (Antheraea mylitta) AD001 2405 CGTACTATCCGTTATCCTGACCC 37804548 (Rhopalosiphum padi) AD001 2406 GAATGTTTACCTTTGGTGATTTTTCTTCGCAAT 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) CGGCT AD001 2407 GCAGAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCT 37953169 (Ips pini) AD001 2408 GCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTCGG 83935968 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AD001 2409 GCTGGTTTCATGGATGTTGTCAC 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AD001 2410 GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTAA 14693528 (Drosophila melanogaster) AD001 2411 GGTTTCATGGATGTTGTCACCAT 25958683 (Curculio glandium) AD001 2412 TATGATGTGAAAGGCCGTTTCACAATTCACAG 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AAT AD001 2413 TCATTGCCAAAGGGTAAGGGT 77324972 (Chironomus tentans) AD001 2414 TGGATATTGCCACTTGTAAAATCATGGACCAC 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) ATCAGATTTGAATCTGG AD001 2415 TTAAATGCTCCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAA 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) ACT AD001 2416 TTTGAATCTGGCAACCTGTGTATGAT 60311985 (Papilio dardanus) AD001 2417 TTTGATATTGTTCATATCAAGGATAC 109978109 (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) AD002 2418 AAGAAAATCGAACAAGAAATC 55902553 (Locusta migratoria) AD002 2419 CAGCACATGGATGTGGACAAGGT 67899569 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AD002 2420 GAGTTTCTTTAGTAAAGTATTCGGTGG 110762684 (Apis mellifera) AD009 2421 CACTACAACTACCACAAGAGC 84226228 (Aedes aegypti) 18941376 (Anopheles gambiae) AD009 2422 CAGAACATCCACAACTGTGACT 29534871 (Bombyx mori) AD009 2423 GGTGTGGGTGTCGTGCGAGGG 83926368 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AD009 2424 TGGATCCCTGAATACTACAATGA 83926506 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AD015 2425 GAGCAGTAGAATTCAAAGTAGT 99012451 (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) AD015 2426 GCAATTATATTTATTGATGAA 83936542 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) AD015 2427 TCACCATATTGTATTGTTGCT 31366806 (Toxoptera citricida) AD015 2428 TTGTCCTGATGTTAAGTATGG 84114691 (Blomia tropicalis) AD016 2429 ACGATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCATCC 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) AD016 2430 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCA 53883819 (Plutella xylostella) AD016 2431 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCATCCTATT 110240379 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 27372076 (Spodoptera littoralis) AD016 2432 CAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCGG 91827264 (Bombyx mori) 22474331 (Helicoverpa armigera) 60295607 (Homalodisca coagulata) AD016 2433 CGGCTCCATCACTCAGATCCCCAT 67896654 (Drosophila pseudoobscura) AD016 2434 GCCAACGACCCCACCATCGAG 101406307 (Plodia interpunctella) AD016 2435 GCCCGTGTCCGAGGACATGCTGGG 83937868 (Lutzomyia longipalpis) 75473525 (Tribolium castaneum) AD016 2436 GGCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTC 2286803 (Drosophila melanogaster) AD016 2437 GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCG 92997483 (Drosophila grimshawi) AD016 2438 GTTCACCGGCGATATTCTGCGC 92953552 (Drosophila ananassae) 92042621 (Drosophila willistoni)

TABLE 5-LD SEQ ID Target ID No Sequences* Example Gi-number and species LD001 124 AAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTG 8005678 (Meloidogyne incognita), 9829015 (Meloidogyne javanica) LD003 125 GTTCTTCCTCTTGACGCGTCC 7710484 (Zeldia punctata) LD003 126 GCAGCTTTACGGATTTTTGCCAA 32183696 (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) LD003 127 TTTCAACTCCTGATCAAGACGT 1662318 (Brugia malayi), 31229562 (Wuchereria bancrofti) LD006 128 GCTATGGGTAAGCAAGCTATGGG 520506 (Caenorhabditis elegans) LD007 129 AAAGAATAAAAAATTATTTGA 17539725 (Caenorhabditis elegans) LD007 130 AAGCAAGTGATGATGTTCAGTGC 7143515 (Globodera pallida) LD014 131 ATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGA 10122191 (Haemonchus contortus) LD015 132 AACGCCCCAGTCTCATTAGCCAC 20064339 (Meloidogyne hapla) LD016 133 TTTTGGCGTCGATTCCTGATG 71999357 (Caenorhabditis elegans) LD016 134 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACC 13418283 (Necator americanus) LD016 135 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGACG 10819046 (Haemonchus contortus)

TABLE 5-PC Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PC001 435 ATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 7143612 (Globodera rostochiensis) PC003 436 GCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAACT 9831177 (Strongyloides stercoralis) PC003 437 GAGTAAAGTACACTTTGGCTAAA 28914459 (Haemonchus contortus) PC003 438 AAAATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAACT 32185135 (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) PC003 439 CTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTT 51334250 (Radopholus similis) PC003 440 CGTCTGGATCAGGAATTGAAA 61115845 (Litomosoides sigmodontis) PC005 441 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAA 5430825 (Onchocerca volvulus) PC005 442 GTGTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAA 6845701 (Brugia malayi); 45215079 (Wuchereria bancrofti) PC014 443 CACATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGAAGC 10122191 (Haemonchus contortus) PC014 444 TACGAGAAAAAGGAGAAGCAAGT 21265518 (Ostertagia ostertagi) PC016 445 GTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATAAAT 18081287 (Globodera rostochiensis) PC016 446 CCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATA 108957716 (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus); 108962248 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

TABLE 5-EV SEQ Example ID Gi-number Target ID NO Sequence * and species EV005 563 TTAAAGATGGTCTTATTATTAA 21819186 (Trichinella spiralis) EV016 564 GCTATGGGTGTCAATATGGAAAC 54554020 (Xiphinema index)

TABLE 5-AG Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species AG001 739 GCTGGATTCATGGATGTGATCA 15666884 (Ancylostoma ceylanicum) AG001 740 ATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGG 18081843 (Globodera rostochiensis) AG001 741 TTCATGGATGTGATCACCATTGA 27002091 (Ascaris suum) AG005 742 GTCTGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGA 2099126 (Onchocerca volvulus) AG005 743 GGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGA 2099309 (Onchocerca volvulus) AG005 744 TGATCAAGGATGGTTTGATCAT 2130916 (Brugia malayi) AG005 745 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGA 6845701 (Brugia malayi) AG005 746 CCAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 29964728 (Heterodera glycines) AG005 747 TGGTTGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGA 45215079 (Wuchereria bancrofti) AG005 748 TGGATCCAAATGAAATCAATGA 61116961 (Litomosoides sigmodontis) AG014 749 GAAGAATTTAACATTGAAAAGGG 10122191 (Haemonchus contortus) AG014 750 GAATTTAACATTGAAAAGGGCCG 28252967 (Trichuris vulpis) AG016 751 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGC 54552787 (Xiphinema index)

TABLE 5-TC SEQ Example Target ID Gi-number ID NO Sequence * and species TC014 853 ATCATGGAATATTACGAGAAGAA 6562543 (Heterodera schachtii); 15769883 (Heterodera glycines) TC015 854 AACGGTCCCGAAATTATGAGTAA 108966476 ATT (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

TABLE 5-MP Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species MP001 1011 GATCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAA 13099294 (Strongyloides ratti) MP001 1012 ACATCCAGGATCTTTTGATATTGTTCAC 15275671 (Strongyloides ratti) MP001 1013 TCTTTTGATATTGTTCACATTAA 32183548 (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) MP016 1014 TATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAAT 9832367 (Strongyloides stercoralis) MP016 1015 TCTGCTGCTCGTGAAGAAGTACCTGG 13418283 (Necator americanus) MP016 1016 GCTGAAGATTATTTGGATATT 20064440 (Meloidogyne hapla) MP016 1017 GGTTTACCACATAATGAGATTGCTGC 20064440 (Meloidogyne hapla) MP016 1018 AAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTATTTCAGCTATTGAT 31545172 (Strongyloides ratti) MP016 1019 TATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAATTCCAAT 31545172 (Strongyloides ratti) MP016 1020 GTTTCTGCTGCTCGTGAAGAAGT 31545172 (Strongyloides ratti) MP016 1021 CGTGGTTTCCCTGGTTACATGTACAC 31545172 (Strongyloides ratti) MP016 1022 CCTGGTTACATGTACACCGATTT 54552787 (Xiphinema index) MP027 1023 TTTAAAAATTTTAAAGAAAAA 27540724 (Meloidogyne hapla) MP027 1024 CTATTATGTTGGTGGTGAAGTTGT 34026304 (Meloidogyne arenaria) MP027 1025 AAAGTTTTTAAAAATTTTAAA 34028558 (Meloidogyne javanica)

TABLE 5-NL SEQ Target ID ID No Sequence * Example Gi-number and species NL001 1438 AGTACAAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAGA 18087933 (Globodera rostochiensis), 54547517 (Globodera pallida) NL001 1439 ATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGTGG 7143612 (Globodera rostochiensis) NL001 1440 TGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGTGG 7235910 (Meloidogyne incognita) NL001 1441 AGTACAAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAGA 111164813 (Globodera rostochiensis) NL003 1442 AGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGT 6081031 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1443 CTCCGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 5815927 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1444 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 5815618 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1445 GCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 6081031 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1446 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCC 6081133 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1447 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGT 1783663 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1448 TCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 10804008 (Ascaris suum) NL003 1449 TCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAA 18688500 (Ascaris suum) NL003 1450 GCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGT 91102596 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1451 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 91102596 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL003 1452 CTCCGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 91102596 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL004 1453 AAGAACAAGGATATTCGTAAATT 3758529 (Onchocerca volvulus), 6200728 (Litomosoides sigmodontis) NL004 1454 AAGAACAAGGATATTCGTAAATTCTTGGA 21056283 (Ascaris suum), 2978237 (Toxocara canis) NL004 1455 CCGTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 1783477 (Pristionchus pacificus) NL004 1456 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 2181209 (Haemonchus contortus) NL007 1457 CAACATGAATGCATTCCTCAAGC 39747064 (Meloidogyne paranaensis) NL007 1458 GAAGTACAACATGAATGCATTCC 6721002 (Onchocerca volvulus) NL007 1459 GCTGTATTTGTGTTGGCGACA 27541378 (Meloidogyne hapla) NL008 1460 AGAAAAGGTTGTGGGTTGGTA 108958003 (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus) NL011 1461 GGACTTCGTGATGGATATTACATTCAGGGACAATG 33138488 (Meloidogyne incognita) NL011 1462 CAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 108984057 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) NL014 1463 GAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGG 11927908 (Haemonchus contortus) NL014 1464 GAGCAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGC 108985855 (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus) NL014 1465 TTTCATTGAGCAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGAAGA 108979738 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) NL015 1466 ATGAGCAAATTGGCCGGCGAGTCGGAG 18090737 (Globodera rostochiensis) NL015 1467 CACACCAAGAACATGAAGTTGGCTGA 68276872 (Caenorhabditis remanei) NL015 1468 CAGGAAATCTGTTCGAAGTGT 45564676 (Meloidogyne incognita) NL015 1469 CTGGCGCAGATCAAAGAGATGGT 18090737 (Globodera rostochiensis) NL015 1470 TGGCGCAGATCAAAGAGATGGT 27428872 (Heterodera glycines) NL016 1471 TATCCCGAGGAAATGATCCAGAC 18081287 (Globodera rostochiensis) NL016 1472 CGTATCTATCCCGAGGAAATGATCCAGACTGGAATT 108957716 (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus) TC 108962248 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) NL023 1473 TGGATGGGAGTCATGCATGGA 13959786 (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis)

TABLE 5-CS Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species CS001 1988 ATACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTGCG 10803803 (Trichuris muris) CS003 1989 AAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAA 18850138 (Ascaris suum) CS003 1990 CGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 40305701 (Heterodera glycines) CS003 1991 CGTCTCCAGACTCAGGTGTTCAAG 91102965 (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) CS011 1992 TTTAATGTATGGGATACTGCTGG 9832495 (Strongyloides stercoralis) CS011 1993 CACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAAAA 18082874 (Globodera rostochiensis) CS011 1994 CTCGTGTCACCTACAAAAATGTACC 71182695 (Caenorhabditis remanei) CS011 1995 CACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAA 108987391 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) CS013 1996 TAGGTGAATTTGTTGATGATTA 40305096 (Heterodera glycines) CS014 1997 AAGAAAGAGAAACAAGTGGAACT 51871231 (Xiphinema index) CS016 1998 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACG 10819046 (Haemonchus contortus) CS016 1999 GTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACC 13418283 (Necator americanus) CS016 2000 GCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACC 54552787 (Xiphinema index) CS016 2001 AAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGTGAGGAACTC 111163626 (Globodera rostochiensis)

TABLE 5-PX Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PX001 2291 CTCGACATCGCCACCTGCAAG 11069004 (Haemonchus contortus); 27770634 (Teladorsagia circumcincta) PX001 2292 GACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGAC 32320500 (Heterodera glycines) PX001 2293 CCCGGCTGGATTCATGGATGT 51334233 (Radopholus similis) PX001 2294 ATCAAGGTGGACGGCAAGGTCCGCAC 108959807 (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) PX001 2295 ACAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAA 111166840 (Globodera rostochiensis) PX016 2296 CGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACGGATTTGGC 10819046 (Haemonchus contortus) PX016 2297 GGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACAC 13418283 (Necator americanus) PX016 2298 GAGTTCCTCACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTT 111163626 (Globodera rostochiensis)

TABLE 5-AD SEQ Example Target ID Gi-number ID NO Sequence * and species AD015 2439 ATAAATGGTCCTGAAATTATGA 9832193 (Strongyloides stercoralis) AD016 2440 GTCAACATGGAGACGGCGCGCTT 30220804 (Heterodera glycines)

TABLE 6-LD SEQ Target ID ID No Sequences * Example Gi-number and species LD001 136 TAGCGGATGGTGCGGCCGTCGTG 54625255 (Phlebiopsis gigantea) LD003 137 TTCCAAGAAATCTTCAATCTTCAAA 50294437 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) LD007 138 GACTGCGGTTTTGAACACCCTTCAGAAGT 110463173 (Rhizopus oryzae) TCA LD007 139 TGTCAAGCCAAATCTGGTATGGG 110463173 (Rhizopus oryzae) LD011 140 GGCTTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTA 48898288 (Aspergillus flavus) LD011 141 CCATCACGGAGACCACCAAACTT 60673229 (Alternaria brassicicola) LD011 142 AAAGGCTTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTA 58157923 (Phytophthora infestans) LD011 143 TGTGCTATTATCATGTTTGATGT 110458937 (Rhizopus oryzae) LD011 144 ACTGCCGGTCAGGAGAAGTTTGG 90638500 (Thermomyces lanuginosus) LD011 145 AATACAACTTTGAGAAGCCTTTCCT 90549582 (Lentinula edodes), 90381505 (Amorphotheca resinae) LD011 146 CAGGAGAAGTTTGGTGGTCTCCG 90544763 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) LD011 147 ACCACCAAACTTCTCCTGACC 90368069 (Aureobasidium pullulans) LD011 148 GGTCAGGAGAAGTTGGTGGTCTCCG 90355148 (Coprinopsis cenerea) LD016 149 GCAGCAATTTCATTGTGAGGCAGACCAG 50285562 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) LD016 150 ATGGAGTTCATCACGTCAATAGC 68419480 (Phytophthora parasitica) LD016 151 GGTCTGCCTCACAATGAAATTGCTGCCCA 85109950 (Neurospora crassa) GAT LD016 152 CTATTGTTTTCGCTGCTATGGGTGTTAACA 50423336 (Debaryomyces hansenii), 90540142 (Gloeophyllum TGGA trabeum) LD016 153 ATGAACTCCATTGCTCGTGGTCAGAAGAT 84573655 (Aspergillus oryzae) LD016 154 ATAGGAATCTGGGTGATGGATCCGTT 90562068 (Leucosporidium scottii), 90359845 (Aureobasidium pullulans) LD016 155 TCCTGTTTCTGAAGATATGTTGGG 90388021 (Cunninghamella elegans) LD016 156 TTTGAAGATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAACG 50294437 (Candida glabrata CBS 138), 110468393 (Rhizopus oryzae), 90388664 (Cunninghamella elegans), 90376235 (Amorphotheca resinae) LD027 157 TCACAGGCAGCGAAGATGGTACC 90546087 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) LD027 158 TTCTTTGAAGTTTTTGAATAT 50292600 (Candida glabrata CBS 138)

TABLE 6-PC Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PC001 447 CCCTGCTGGTTTCATGGATGTCAT 110469463 (Rhizopus oryzae) PC003 448 ATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGAAG 50294437 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) PC003 449 TTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGAAG 50310014 (Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140) PC003 450 CTTCTTTCCAAGAAATCTTCAA 622611 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) PC003 451 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTT 109744873 (Allomyces macrogynus); 59284959 (Blastocladiella emersonii); 90623359 (Corynascus heterothallicus); 29427071 (Verticillium dahliae) PC003 452 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTC 59298648 (Blastocladiella emersonii); 90565029 (Leucosporidium scottii) PC003 453 TCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTC 47032157 (Mycosphaerella graminicola) PC003 454 CAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCCCT 34332427 (Ustilago maydis) PC005 455 CTTATGGAGTACATCCACAAG 98997063 (Spizellomyces punctatus) PC005 456 AAGAAGAAGCAGAGAAGGCCA 84572408 (Aspergillus oryzae) PC010 457 GTGTTCAATAATTCTCCTGATGA 50288722 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) PC010 458 ATTTTCCATGGAGAGACCATTGC 70990481 (Aspergillus fumigatus) PC010 459 GGGCAGAATCCCCAAGCTGCC 90631635 (Thermomyces lanuginosus) PC014 460 AATACAAGGACGCCACCGGCA 30394561 (Magnaporthe grisea) PC016 461 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCA 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PC016 462 TGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina) PC016 463 GGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACAC 34447668 (Cryphonectria parasitica) PC016 464 ACTATGCCCAACGACGACATCAC 34447668 (Cryphonectria parasitica) PC016 465 CCGGGCACTTCTTCTCGAGCGGC 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina) PC016 466 CCGACCATCGAGCGCATCATCAC 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PC016 467 TTCTTGAACTTGGCCAACGATCC 50285562 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) PC016 468 TGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAACGA 66909391 (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) PC016 469 GCTATGGGTGTCAACATGGAAACTGC 110463410 (Rhizopus oryzae) PC016 470 TGCTATGGGTGTCAACATGGA 71006197 (Ustilago maydis) PC016 471 CTATTGTGTTTGCTGCTATGGGTGT 68488910 (Candida albicans) PC016 472 TACGAGCGCGCCGGTCGTGTGGA 90347883 (Coprinopsis cinerea)

TABLE 6-EV Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species EV010 565 TTCAATAATTCACCAGATGAAAC 50405834 (Debaryomyces hansenii) EV015 566 CGATCGCCTTGAACAGCGACG 22502898 (Gibberella zeae) EV015 567 GTTACCATGGAGAACTTCCGTTA 67900533 (Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4) EV015 568 GTTACCATGGAGAACTTCCGTTACGCC 70820241 (Aspergillus niger) EV015 569 ACCATGGAGAACTTCCGTTACGCC 84573628 (Aspergillus oryzae) EV015 570 ATGGAGAACTTCCGTTACGCC 71002727 (Aspergillus fumigatus) EV016 571 TCTGAAGATATGTTGGGTCGTGT 90396765 (Cunninghamella elegans) EV016 572 CAAAAGATTCCAATTTTCTCTGCA 50306984 (Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140) EV016 573 CCCCACAATGAAATCGCTGCTCAAAT 68001221 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-) EV016 574 ATCGTTTTCGCCGCTATGGGTGT 58271359 (Cryptococcus neoformans var.) EV016 575 TTCAAGCAAGATTTTGAAGAGAATGG 50285562 (Candida glabrata CBS 138)

TABLE 6-AG Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species AG001 752 CGTAACAGGTTGAAGTACGCCCT 16931515 (Coccidioides posadasii) AG001 753 AAGGTCGACGGCAAAGTCAGGACTGAT 33515688 (Cryptococcus neoformans var.) AG001 754 CCATTCTTGGTCACCCACGATG 38132640 (Hypocrea jecorina) AG001 755 ATCAAGGTAAACGACACCATC 56939474 (Puccinia graminis f. sp.) AG005 756 TGTACATGAAGGCCAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 98997063 (Spizellomyces punctatus) AG005 757 CCAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 109744763 (Allomyces macrogynus); 59297176 (Blastocladiella emersonii) AG005 758 AAGGGTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAG 109741162 (Allomyces macrogynus) AG005 759 CAAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGC 67903433 (Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4) AG005 760 CAAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGC 4191107 (Emericella nidulans) AG005 761 AAGAAGAAGGCTGAGAAGGCC 66909252 (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) AG005 762 CAAAACATCCGTAAATTGATCAAGGATGGTTT 21649803 (Conidiobolus coronatus) AG016 763 TTCGCCGCCATGGGTGTCAAC 50554108 (Yarrowia lipolytica) AG016 764 ATGGGTGTCAACATGGAAACCGC 90639144 (Trametes versicolor) AG016 765 TGGAAACCGCCCGTTTCTTCA 85109950 (Neurospora crassa) AG016 766 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTG 32169825 (Mucor circinelloides) AG016 767 GTCAAGATGGGAATCTGGGTGATGGA 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina)

TABLE 6-TC Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species TC001 855 AACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCTTGACC 90545567 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) TC015 856 TTCATCGTCCGTGGTGGCATG 46122304 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) TC015 857 AGTTTTACCGGTACCTGGAGG 50310636 (Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140) TC015 858 CCTCCAGGTACCGGTAAAACT 85114224 (Neurospora crassa) TC015 859 CCTCCAGGTACCGGTAAAACTTT 50290674 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) TC015 860 ATTAAAGTTTTACCGGTACCTGGAGG 3356460 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) TC015 861 GGTGCTTTCTTCTTCTTAATCAA 21649889 (Conidiobolus coronatus) TC015 862 ATCAACGGTCCCGAAATTATG 82610024 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium)

TABLE 6-MP Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species MP002 1026 AATTTTTAGAAAAAAAAATTG 68026454 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-) MP010 1027 GTCACCACATTAGCTAGGAAT 48564349 (Coccidioides posadasii) MP016 1028 AAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTAT 90396765 (Cunninghamella elegans) MP016 1029 AAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTATTTC 110463410 (Rhizopus oryzae) MP016 1030 CATGAACTCTATTGCTCGTGG 50285562 (Candida glabrata CBS 138) MP016 1031 GCTGCTATGGGTGTTAATATGGA 90348219 (Coprinopsis cinerea) MP016 1032 TGCTATGGGTGTTAATATGGAAAC 90396964 (Cunninghamella elegans) MP016 1033 CCTACTATTGAGCGTATCATTAC 90524974 (Geomyces pannorum) MP016 1034 GAAGTTTCTGCTGCTCGTGAAGAAGTACCTGG 90396313 (Cunninghamella elegans) MP016 1035 GTTTCTGCTGCTCGTGAAGAAGT 32169825 (Mucor circinelloides) MP016 1036 GTGTACATGTAACCAGGGAAACCACG 45392344 (Magnaporthe grisea) MP016 1037 CCTGGTTACATGTACACCGATTT 32169825 (Mucor circinelloides) MP016 1038 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTA 47067814 (Eremothecium gossypii) MP016 1039 CCTATTTTAACTATGCCTAACGA 90396313 (Cunninghamella elegans) MP027 1040 ACTCTCCATCACCACATACTA 60673889 (Alternaria brassicicola)

TABLE 6-NL SEQ ID Target ID No Sequence * Example Gi-number and species NL001 1474 CCAAGGGCAAGGGTGTGAAGCTCA 30418788 (Magnaporthe grisea) NL001 1475 TCTCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGTGT 22500578 (Gibberella zeae), 46128672 (Gibberella zeae PH-1), 70662858 (Gibberella moniliformis), 71000466 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL001 1476 TCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGTGT 14664568 (Fusarium sporotrichioides) NL001 1477 TCTCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGT 50550586 (Yarrowia lipolytica) NL001 1478 TCTCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGTGT 71000466 (Aspergillus fumigatus) 92459259 (Gibberella zeae) NL001 1479 CTGCCCAAGGGCAAGGGTGTGAAG 90545567 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) NL003 1480 ATGAAGCTCGATTACGTCTTGG 24446027 (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) NL003 1481 CGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTG 10229753 (Phytophthora infestans) NL003 1482 CGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTGTTGAC 58082846 (Phytophthora infestans) NL003 1483 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTT 21393181 (Pratylenchus penetrans), 34330401 (Ustilago maydis) NL003 1484 TGAAGCTCGATTACGTCTTGG 46346864 (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) NL003 1485 TGGCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGT 58113938 (Phytophthora infestans) NL004 1486 CGTAACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAG 58127885 (Phytophthora infestans) NL003 1487 ATGAAGCTCGATTACGTCTTGG 90366381 (Aureobasidium pullulans) NL003 1488 TCGGTTTGGCCAAGTCCATCCA 90353540 (Coprinopsis cinerea) NL003 1489 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTT 71012467 (Ustilago maydis) NL003 1490 GACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTC 90616286 (Ophiostoma piliferum) NL004 1491 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 15771856 (Gibberella zeae), 29426217 (Verticillium dahliae), 30399988 (Magnaporthe grisea), 34330394 (Ustilago maydis), 39945691 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15), 46108543 (Gibberella zeae PH-1), 70660620 (Gibberella moniliformis) NL004 1492 CGTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 90615722 (Ophiostoma piliferum) NL004 1493 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 90367524 (Aureobasidium pullulans) 90372622 (Cryptococcus laurentii) 109654277 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.) 90535059 (Geomyces pannorum) 46108543 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) 90566138 (Leucosporidium scottii) 39945691 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) 110115733 (Saitoella complicata) 110081735 (Tuber borchii) 71021510 (Ustilago maydis) 50554252 (Yarrowia lipolytica) NL004 1494 TACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAACTG 90640952 (Trametes versicolor) NL004 1495 CGTGTACGCCCATTTCCCCATCAAC 90615722 (Ophiostoma piliferum) NL005 1496 AAAAGGTCAAGGAGGCCAAGA 14662414 (Fusarium sporotrichioides) NL005 1497 TTCAAGAACAAGCGTGTATTGATGGA 90395504 (Cunninghamella elegans) NL005 1498 TTCAAGAACAAGCGTGTATTGATGGAGT 90542553 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) NL006 1499 CCTGGAGGAGGAGACGACCAT 70998503 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL006 1500 TCCCATCTCGTATGACAATTGG 68471154 (Candida albicans) NL006 1501 ATGGTCGTCTCCTCCTCCAGG 70998503 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL006 1502 TCCCATCTCGTATGACAATTGG 68471154 (Candida albicans) 50425488 (Debaryomyces hansenii) NL007 1503 CAAGTCATGATGTTCAGTGCAAC 70984614 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL007 1504 TGACGCTTCACGGCCTGCAGCAG 10229203 (Phytophthora infestans) NL007 1505 CAAGTCATGATGTTCAGTGCAAC 70984614 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL010_2 1506 CAATTCTTGCAAGTGTTCAACAA 68478799 (Candida albicans) NL010_2 1507 TTCAACAACAGTCCTGATGAAAC 21649260 (Conidiobolus coronatus) NL010_2 1508 TTCTTGCAAGTGTTCAACAAC 47031965 (Mycosphaerella graminicola) NL011 1509 AAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1510 ACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCA 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1511 ACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACT 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1512 ACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 70674996 (Gibberella moniliformis) NL011 1513 CAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 22500425 (Gibberella zeae), 34331122 (Ustilago maydis), 46108433 (Gibberella zeae PH-1), 47029512 (Mycosphaerella graminicola), 56236507 (Setosphaeria turcica), 62926335 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.), 70674996 (Gibberella moniliformis), 70992714 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL011 1514 CAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1515 CACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAAC 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1516 CCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTG 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1517 CTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGG 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1518 GCAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 22505588 (Gibberella zeae) NL011 1519 TACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGC 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1520 TCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCA 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1521 TCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAA 68132303 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1522 TCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACT 30405871 (Magnaporthe grisea) NL011 1523 TCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 13903501 (Blumeria graminis f. sp.), 3140444 (Emericella nidulans), 34331122 (Ustilago maydis), 49096317 (Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4) NL011 1524 TGGGACACAGCTGGCCAGGAAA 14180743 (Magnaporthe grisea), 39950145 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) NL011 1525 TTCGAGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGG 38056576 (Phytophthora sojae), 45244260 (Phytophthora nicotianae), 58091236 (Phytophthora infestans) NL011 1526 TTCGAGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGGTTGGC 58090083 (Phytophthora infestans) NL011 1527 TGGGACACAGCTGGCCAGGAAA 39950145 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) NL011 1528 TATTACATTCAGGGACAATGCG 110134999 (Taphrina deformans) NL011 1529 TCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 84573903 (Aspergillus oryzae) 90355199 (Coprinopsis cinerea) 90624693 (Corynascus heterothallicus) 90638500 (Thermomyces lanuginosus) NL011 1530 ACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 113544700 (Cordyceps bassiana) 85114463 (Neurospora crassa) NL011 1531 TACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCA 110269748 (Hypocrea lixii) NL011 1532 TACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTGGCAC 110458937 (Rhizopus oryzae) NL011 1533 AGGAAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACT 90557551 (Leucosporidium scottii) NL011 1534 AAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGA 113551594 (Cordyceps bassiana) NL011 1535 AAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGACATC 90036917 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1536 AAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGACATC 90624693 (Corynascus heterothallicus) NL011 1537 GGCTTCTCGAAGTTGTAGTTGC 89975123 (Hypocrea lixii) NL011 1538 CAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCC 70992714 (Aspergillus fumigatus) 90368808 (Aureobasidium pullulans) 90629512 (Corynascus heterothallicus) 109656121 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.) 90532849 (Geomyces pannorum) 110272576 (Hypocrea lixii) 47029512 (Mycosphaerella graminicola) 85114463 (Neurospora crassa) 90617165 (Ophiostoma piliferum) 90036917 (Trichophyton rubrum) NL011 1539 GGCTTCTCGAAGTTGTAGTTG 92233975 (Gibberella zeae) NL013 1540 CCCGAGATGGTGGTGGGCTGGTACCA 49069733 (Ustilago maydis) NL013 1541 GGTACCACTCGCACCCGGGCTT 58134950 (Phytophthora infestans) NL013 1542 GTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCCGGGCTTCG 38062327 (Phytophthora sojae) GCTGCTGGCTGTCGGG NL013 1543 TGGTACCACTCGCACCCGGGCTT 58084933 (Phytophthora infestans) NL013 1544 CCCGAGATGGTGGTGGGCTGGTACCA 71006043 (Ustilago maydis) NL015 1545 ATCCACACCAAGAACATGAAG 10181857 (Aspergillus niger), 22505190 (Gibberella zeae), 30394634 (Magnaporthe grisea), 33507832 (Cryptococcus neoformans var.), 3773467 (Emericella nidulans), 39940093 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15), 46122304 (Gibberella zeae PH-1), 47032030 (Mycosphaerella graminicola), 49106059 (Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4) NL015 1546 CACACCAAGAACATGAAGTTGG 21649889 (Conidiobolus coronatus) NL015 1547 GCCTTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGG 46122304 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) NL015 1548 TTGGAGGCTGCAGAAAGCAGCT 90369178 (Cryptococcus laurentii) NL015 1549 GCCTTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGG 46122304 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) NL015 1550 ATCCACACCAAGAACATGAAG 70820941 (Aspergillus niger) 58260307 (Cryptococcus neoformans var.) 85691122 (Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1) 46122304 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) 39940093 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) 85082882 (Neurospora crassa) 50555821 (Yarrowia lipolytica) NL015 1551 CACACCAAGAACATGAAGTTGGC 110272618 (Hypocrea lixii) NL016 1552 CATGAACTCGATTGCTCGTGG 30418452 (Magnaporthe grisea), 39942327 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) NL016 1553 CCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGACG 39942327 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15), 45392344 (Magnaporthe grisea) NL016 1554 CATGAACTCGATTGCTCGTGG 90367610 (Aureobasidium pullulans) 39942327 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) NL016 1555 CATGTCGGTGAGGATGACGAG 90562068 (Leucosporidium scottii) NL016 1556 CCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGACG 39942327 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) NL019 1557 CAGATTTGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 9834078 (Phytophthora sojae) NL019 1558 GACCAGGAGTCGTTCAACAAC 9834078 (Phytophthora sojae) NL019 1559 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAG 38056576 (Phytophthora sojae), 40545332 (Phytophthora nicotianae), 58083674 (Phytophthora infestans) NL019 1560 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 29426828 (Verticillium dahliae), 38057141 (Phytophthora sojae) NL019 1561 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTT 70981934 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL019 1562 TTCCTGGAGACGTCGGCGAAGAACGC 90643518 (Trametes versicolor) NL019 1563 CAGATTTGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 90616605 (Ophiostoma piliferum) NL019 1564 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAG 110272626 (Hypocrea lixii) NL019 1565 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCG 50550714 (Yarrowia lipolytica) NL019 1566 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTT 70981934 (Aspergillus fumigatus) NL019 1567 TGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTTCCG 50553761 (Yarrowia lipolytica) NL022 1568 CAGGCAAAGATTTTCCTGCCCA 58124185 (Phytophthora infestans) NL022 1569 GGCAAGTGCTTCCGTCTGTACAC 58124872 (Phytophthora infestans) NL023 1570 GGATGACCAAAAACGTATTCT 46137132 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) NL023 1571 AGAATACGTTTTTGGTCATCC 46137132 (Gibberella zeae PH-1)

TABLE 6-CS Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species CS003 2002 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGA 46356829 (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) CS003 2003 GGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAG 71012467 (Ustilago maydis) CS003 2004 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGT 5832048 (Botryotinia fuckeliana) CS003 2005 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGT 40545704 (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) CS003 2006 GGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGT 21907821 (Colletotrichum trifolii); 90623359 (Corynascus heterothallicus); 94331331 (Pyronema omphalodes); 29427071 (Verticillium dahliae) CS003 2007 TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 27439041 (Chaetomium globosum); 47032270 (Mycosphaerella graminicola) CS003 2008 CGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGG 71000428 (Aspergillus fumigatus); 67537265 (Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4); 70825441 (Aspergillus niger); 84573806 (Aspergillus oryzae); 3773212 (Emericella nidulans); 90632673 (Thermomyces lanuginosus); 34332427 (Ustilago maydis) CS006 2009 TCCCCTCTCGTATGACAATTGGT 68011927 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-) CS007 2010 ATTTAGCTTTGACAAAGAATA 50305206 (Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y- 1140) CS007 2011 GAGCACCCTTCAGAAGTTCAACA 90553133 (Lentinula edodes) CS011 2012 TGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAA 90385536 (Amorphotheca resinae); 68475609 (Candida albicans); 50304104 (Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140); 85105150 (Neurospora crassa) CS011 2013 AAGTTTGGTGGTCTCCGAGATGGTTACTA 90355199 (Coprinopsis cinerea) CS011 2014 CAATGTGCCATCATCATGTTCGA 15276938 (Glomus intraradices) CS011 2015 CATCATCATGTTCGATGTAAC 28268268 (Chaetomium globosum) CS011 2016 CACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAA 90368808 (Aureobasidium pullulans); 34331122 (Ustilago maydis) CS011 2017 TGAAGGTTCTTTTTTCTGTGGAA 6831345 (Pneumocystis carinii) CS013 2018 GGATGGTACCACTCGCATCCTGG 109651225 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.) CS015 2019 AACGAGAGGAAGAAGAAGAAG 39944615 (Magnaporthe grisea 70-15) CS015 2020 AGGGCTTCTTCTTCTTCCTCTC 14662870 (Fusarium sporotrichioides) CS015 2021 TAGGGCTTCTTCTTCTTCCTC 85112692 (Neurospora crassa) CS015 2022 GAGATGGTCGAGTTGCCTCTA 71005073 (Ustilago maydis) CS016 2023 GCTGAAGACTTTTTGGACATC 30418452 (Magnaporthe grisea) CS016 2024 CCTCACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTC 90566317 (Leucosporidium scottii) CS016 2025 GTCGTCGGTGAGGAAGCCCTG 84573655 (Aspergillus oryzae) CS016 2026 TCCTCACCGACGACAGCCTTCATGGCC 29427786 (Verticillium dahliae) CS016 2027 GATGTTTCCAACCAGCTGTACGCC 90368806 (Aureobasidium pullulans) CS016 2028 GGCGTACAGCTGGTTGGAAACATC 29427786 (Verticillium dahliae) CS016 2029 TGATGTTTCCAACCAGCTGTACGCC 46107507 (Gibberella zeae PH-1) CS016 2030 ATGGCAGACTTCATGAGACGAGA 29427786 (Verticillium dahliae) CS016 2031 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCA 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) CS016 2032 TGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina) CS016 2033 ACTATGCCCAACGACGACATCAC 34447668 (Cryphonectria parasitica) CS016 2034 GGTTACATGTACACCGATTTG 32169825 (Mucor circinelloides) CS016 2035 CCCAGGTTACATGTACACCGATTT 47067814 (Eremothecium gossypii) CS016 2036 ACACCACGTTTGGCCTTGACT 68488910 (Candida albicans) CS016 2037 GCCATGGGTGTGAACATGGAGAC 82608508 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) CS016 2038 GACGACCACGAGGACAACTTTGCCATCGTGTTCG 59277641 (Blastocladiella emersonii) CS016 2039 AAGATCCCCATTTTCTCGGCTGC 90348219 (Coprinopsis cinerea)

TABLE 6-PX Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species PX001 2299 CTCATCAAGGTGGACGGCAAGGT 85080580 (Neurospora crassa) PX001 2300 TCGGTGCGGACCTTGCCGTCCACCTTGA 70768092 (Gibberella moniliformis) PX001 2301 GACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGAC 109745014 (Allomyces macrogynus); 60673542 (Alternaria brassicicola); 90368699 (Aureobasidium pullulans); 59299145 (Blastocladiella emersonii); 27438899 (Chaetomium globosum); 90623992 (Corynascus heterothallicus); 89975695 (Hypocrea lixii); 99039195 (Leptosphaeria maculans); 39970560 (Magnaporthe grisea); 47731115 (Metarhizium anisopliae); 90036859 (Trichophyton rubrum); 29427127 (Verticillium dahliae) PX001 2302 GACGGCAAGGTCCGCACCGACCC 70823112 (Aspergillus niger); 90633197 (Thermomyces lanuginosus) PX001 2303 AAGGTCCGCACCGACCCCACCTACCC 71015993 (Ustilago maydis) PX001 2304 CGCTTCACCATCCACCGCATCAC 90639458 (Trametes versicolor) PX001 2305 CGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTG 78177454 (Chaetomium cupreum); 27438899 (Chaetomium globosum) PX001 2306 GAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAGGT 109745014 (Allomyces macrogynus) PX001 2307 GCCAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAG 45923813 (Coccidioides posadasii) PX001 2308 CCCGACCCGCTCATCAAGGTCAACGAC 78177454 (Chaetomium cupreum) PX001 2309 CGACATCGTCCACATCAAGGAC 82603501 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) PX001 2310 CCGCACAAGCTGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCTC 109745014 (Allomyces macrogynus) PX010 2311 TTCGACCAGGAGGCGGCGGCGGT 90542152 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) PX010 2312 CACCACCGCCGCCGCCTCCTG 84578035 (Aspergillus oryzae) PX010 2313 TGCAGGTCTTCAACAACTCGCCCGACGA 39978050 (Magnaporthe grisea) PX010 2314 TTCAACAACTCGCCCGACGAGAC 90618424 (Corynascus heterothallicus) PX015 2315 CATGCGCGCCGTCGAGTTCAAGGTGGT 59282860 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PX015 2316 GCATTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACGG 68323226 (Coprinopsis cinerea) PX015 2317 ATCAACGGCCCCGAGATCATGTC 85082882 (Neurospora crassa) PX015 2318 TGCGCAAGGCGTTCGAGGAGGC 71002727 (Aspergillus fumigatus) PX016 2319 CCTCACCAAGTTCGAGAAGAACTTC 90566317 (Leucosporidium scottii) PX016 2320 GAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTAT 90639144 (Trametes versicolor) PX016 2321 GAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTATCTC 58271359 (Cryptococcus neoformans) PX016 2322 ATGAACTCCATCGCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCC 90545177 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) PX016 2323 GTCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCC 9651842 (Emericella nidulans) PX016 2324 CAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGC 70825597 (Aspergillus niger); 90611576 (Ophiostoma piliferum); 90639144 (Trametes versicolor) PX016 2325 CAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCC 67540123 (Aspergillus nidulans) PX016 2326 CAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCCGCCGG 59283275 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PX016 2327 AAGATCCCCATCTTCTCCGCCGCCGGTCT 34447668 (Cryphonectria parasitica) PX016 2328 CCCATCTTCTCCGCCGCCGGTCTGCC 90621827 (Corynascus heterothallicus) PX016 2329 GGTCTGCCCCACAACGAGATTGCTGC 90367610 (Aureobasidium pullulans); 66909391 (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) PX016 2330 TTCGCCGCCATGGGAGTCAACATGGAGAC 90562163 (Leucosporidium scottii) PX016 2331 ACCGCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGA 47067814 (Eremothecium gossypii) PX016 2332 CTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGA 90545177 (Gloeophyllum trabeum) PX016 2333 GGTTACATGTACACGGATTTG 34447668 (Cryphonectria parasitica); 90545177 (Gloeophyllum trabeum); 39942327 (Magnaporthe grisea); 82608506 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium); 71006197 (Ustilago maydis) PX016 2334 GGCAAGCCCATCGACAAGGGGCCC 59283275 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PX016 2335 ATGGGGTGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATGGTCA 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina) PX016 2336 ACCATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCACCC 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) PX016 2337 TGCACAACAGGCAGATCTACCC 107889579 (Encephalitozoon cuniculi) PX016 2338 CCGTCGCTATCTCGTCTCATGAA 48521040 (Coccidioides posadasii)

TABLE 6-AD Target ID SEQ ID NO Sequence * Example Gi-number and species AD001 2441 CCCGCTGGTTTCATGGATGTT 58259586 (Cryptococcus neoformans) AD001 2442 GACAACATCCATGAAACCAGCGGG 21649877 (Conidiobolus coronatus) AD001 2443 TTCATGGATGTTGTCACCATTG 90616000 (Ophiostoma piliferum) AD001 2444 GAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCTCTG 110469512 (Rhizopus oryzae) AD001 2445 AAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCTCTG 110469518 (Rhizopus oryzae) AD001 2446 GCCAAGTACAAGCTCTGCAAGGT 98996590 (Spizellomyces punctatus) AD001 2447 GCCAAGTACAAGCTCTGCAAGGTCA 109743129 (Allomyces macrogynus) AD001 2448 AGTACAAGCTCTGCAAGGTCA 71000466 (Aspergillus fumigatus); 67537247 (Aspergillus nidulans); 70823112 (Aspergillus niger); 40886470 (Emericella nidulans) AD015 2449 TATGGACCCCCTGGAACTGGTAAAACC 46349704 (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) AD016 2450 TGCCCGTGTCCGAGGACATGCTGGGCCG 109743322 (Allomyces macrogynus) AD016 2451 TGCCCGTGTCCGAGGACATGCTGGGCCGC 59283275 (Blastocladiella emersonii) AD016 2452 CGTGTCCGAGGACATGCTGGGCCGCA 90612905 (Ophiostoma piliferum) AD016 2453 ATGGGCGTCAACATGGAGACGGC 59277641 (Blastocladiella emersonii) AD016 2454 TGGAGACGGCGCGCTTCTTCA 90611376 (Ophiostoma piliferum) AD016 2455 TTCCTCAACCTGGCCAACGACCCCAC 90611376 (Ophiostoma piliferum) AD016 2456 ACCATCGAGCGCATCATCACCCCGCGCCTCGC 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) AD016 2457 TCCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCTGG 90368806 (Aureobasidium pullulans) AD016 2458 CTGACGATGCCCAACGACGACATCAC 90611301 (Ophiostoma piliferum) AD016 2459 ATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCA 59281308 (Blastocladiella emersonii) AD016 2460 TGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCAT 38353161 (Hypocrea jecorina)

TABLE 7-LD SEQ ID NO and DNA Sequence (sense strand) Target ID 5′ → 3′ of fragments and concatemer constructs LD014_F1 SEQ ID NO: 159 TCTAGAATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAG GCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGCCCGGG LD014_F2 SEQ ID NO: 160 TCTAGAAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGCCCGGG LD014_C1 SEQ ID NO: 161 TCTAGAATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAG GCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGA TCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGAT TGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCA CAAACGCCCGGG LD014_C2 SEQ ID NO: 162 TCTAGAAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGT TCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAG GAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGAC TTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAA CGCCCGGG

TABLE 8-LD Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) Target ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ LD001 SEQ ID NO: 164 SEQ ID NO: 165 SEQ ID NO: 163 GCGTAATACGACT CCTTTGGGGCCAG GGCCCCAAGAAGCATTTGAAGCGTTTGAATGCCCCAAAAGCATGGA CACTATAGGGGCC TTTGCATC TGTTGGATAAATTGGGAGGTGTTTTCGCACCTCGCCCATCTACAGG CCAAGAAGCATTT SEQ ID NO: 167 ACCTCACAAATTGCGAGAGTCTTTGCCCTTGGTGATCTTCCTACGTA GAAGCG GCGTAATACGACT ACCGATTGAAGTATGCTTTGACTAACAGCGAAGTTACTAAGATTGT SEQ ID NO: 166 CACTATAGGCCTT TATGCAAAGGTTAATCAAAGTAGATGGAAAAGTGAGGACCGACTC GGCCCCAAGAAGC TGGGGCCAGTTTG CAATTACCCTGCTGGGTTTATGGATGTTATTACCATTGAAAAAACTG ATTTGAAGCG CATC GTGAATTTTTCCGACTCATCTATGATGTTAAAGGACGATTTGCAGTG CATCGTATTACTGCTGAGGAAGCAAAGTACAAACTATGCAAAGTCA GGAGGATGCAAACTGGCCCCAAAGG LD002 SEQ ID NO: 169 SEQ ID NO: 170 SEQ ID NO: 168 GCGTAATACGACT AAGCGATTAGAAA GTCCACGTCCAAGTTTTTATGGGCTTTCTTAAGAGCTTCAGCTGCAT CACTATAGGGTCC AAAATCAGTTGC TTTTCATAGATTCCAATACTGTGGTGTTCGTACTAGCTCCCTCCAGA ACGTCCAAGTTTTT SEQ ID NO: 172 GCTTCTCGTTGAAGTTCAATAGTAGTTAAAGTGCCATCTATTTGCAA ATGGGC GCGTAATACGACT CTGATTTTTTTCTAATCGCTT SEQ ID NO: 171 CACTATAGGAAGC GTCCACGTCCAAG GATTAGAAAAAAA TTTTTATGGGC TCAGTTGC LD003 SEQ ID NO: 174 SEQ ID NO: 175 SEQ ID NO: 173 GCGTAATACGACT GGTGACCACCACC GGTGACCACCACCGAATGGAGATTTGAGCGAGAAGTCAATATGCTT CACTATAGGCCCA GAATGGAG CTGGGAATCAAGTCTCACAATGAAGCTTGGAATATTCACGACCTGC GGCGACCTTATGA SEQ ID NO: 177 TTACGAACCCTGATATGTCTTTGACGGACCAGCACACGAGCATGAT AAAGGC GCGTAATACGACT GGATTGATTTTGCAAGCCCCAACTTGAAAACTTGTGTTTGGAGACG SEQ ID NO: 176 CACTATAGGGGTG TCGTTCCAAGAAATCTTCAATCTTCAAACCCAAGACGTAATCAAGC CCCAGGCGACCTT ACCACCACCGAAT TTCATACGGGTTTCATCCAACACTCCAATACGCACCAACCGACGAA ATGAAAAGGC GGAG GAAGAGCATTGCCTTCAAACAACCTGCGCTGATCTTTCTCTTCCAAA GTCAGAAGTTCTCTGGCAGCTTTACGGATTTTTGCCAAGGTATACTT GACTCGCCACACTTCACGTTTGTTCCTAAGACCATATTCTCCTATGA TTTTCAACTCCTGATCAAGACGTGCCTTTTCATAAGGTCGCCTGGG LD006 SEQ ID NO: 179 SEQ ID NO: 180 SEQ ID NO: 178 GCGTAATACGACT GCTTCGATTCGGC GGTGTTGGTTGCTTCTGGTGTGGTGGAATACATCGACACTCTTGAA CACTATAGGGGTG ATCTTTATAGG GAAGAAACTGTCATGATTGCGATGAATCCTGAGGATCTTCGGCAGG TTGGTTGCTTCTGG SEQ ID NO: 182 ACAAAGAATATGCTTATTGTACGACCTACACCCACTGCGAAATCCA TGTG GCGTAATACGACT CCCGGCCATGATCTTGGGCGTTTGCGCGTCTATTATACCTTTCCCCG SEQ ID NO: 181 CACTATAGGGCTT ATCATAACCAGAGCCCAAGGAACACCTACCAGAGCGCTATGGGTA GGTGTTGGTTGCTT CGATTCGGCATCT AGCAAGCTATGGGGGTCTACATTACGAATTTCCACGTGCGGATGGA CTGGTGTG TTATAGG CACCCTGGCCCACGTGCTATACTACCCGCACAAACCTCTGGTCACT ACCAGGTCTATGGAGTATCTGCGGTTCAGAGAATTACCAGCCGGGA TCAACAGTATAGTTGCTATTGCTTGTTATACTGGTTATAATCAAGAA GATTCTGTTATTCTGAACGCGTCTGCTGTGGAAAGAGGATTTTTCCG ATCCGTGTTTTATCGTTCCTATAAAGATGCCGAATCGAAGC LD007 SEQ ID NO: 184 SEQ ID NO: 185 SEQ ID NO: 183 GCGTAATACGACT CCTTTCAATGTCCA GACTGGCGGTTTTGAACACCCTTCAGAAGTTCAGCACGAATGTATT CACTATAGGGACT TGCCACG CCTCAAGCTGTCATTGGCATGGACATTTTATGTCAAGCCAAATCTG GGCGGTTTTGAAC SEQ ID NO: 187 GTATGGGCAAAACGGCAGTGTTTGTTCTGGCGACACTGCAACAATT ACCC GCGTAATACGACT GGAACCAGCGGACAATGTTGTTTACGTTTTGGTGATGTGTCACACT SEQ ID NO: 186 CACTATAGGCCTT CGTGAACTGGCTTTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTACGAGAGGTTCAGTA GACTGGCGGTTTT TCAATGTCCATGC AATATATGCCCAGTGTCAAGGTGGGCGTCTTTTTCGGAGGAATGCC GAACACCC CACG TATTGCTAACGATGAAGAAGTATTGAAAAACAAATGTCCACACATT GTTGTGGGGACGCCTGGGCGTATTTTGGCGCTTGTCAAGTCTAGGA AGCTAGTCCTCAAGAACCTGAAACACTTCATTCTTGATGAGTGCGA TAAAATGTTAGAACTGTTGGATATGAGGAGAGACGTCCAGGAAATC TACAGAAACACCCCTCACACCAAGCAAGTGATGATGTTCAGTGCCA CACTCAGCAAAGAAATCAGGCCGGTGTGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAG ATCCAATGGAGGTGTATGTAGACGATGAAGCCAAATTGACGTTGCA CGGATTACAACAGCATTACGTTAAACTCAAAGAAAATGAAAAGAA TAAAAAATTATTTGAGTTGCTCGATGTTCTCGAATTTAATCAGGTGG TCATTTTTGTGAAGTCCGTTCAAAGGTGTGTGGCTTTGGCACAGTTG CTGACTGAACAGAATTTCCCAGCCATAGGAATTCACAGAGGAATGG ACCAGAAAGAGAGGTTGTCTCGGTATGAGCAGTTCAAAGATTTCCA GAAGAGAATATTGGTAGCTACGAATCTCTTTGGGCGTGGCATGGAC ATTGAAAGG LD010 SEQ ID NO: 189 SEQ ID NO: 190 SEQ ID NO: 188 GCGTAATACGACT CTATCGGGTTGGA GCTTGTTGCCCCCGAATGCCTTGATAGGGTTGATTACCTTTGGGAAG CACTATAGGGCTT TGGAACTCG ATGGTCCAAGTGCACGAACTAGGTACCGAGGGCTGCAGCAAATCTT GTTGCCCCCGAAT SEQ ID NO: 192 ACGTTTTCCGAGGGACGAAAGACCTCACAGCTAAGCAAGTTCAAGA GC GCGTAATACGACT GATGTTGGAAGTGGGCAGAGCCGCAGTAAGTGCTCAACCTGCTCCT SEQ ID NO: 191 CACTATAGGCTAT CAACAACCAGGACAACCCATGAGGCCTGGAGCACTCCAGCAAGCT GCTTGTTGCCCCC CGGGTTGGATGGA CCTACGCCACCAGGAAGCAGGTTCCTTCAACCCATCTCGAAATGCG GAATGC ACTCG ACATGAACCTCACTGATCTTATTGGAGAGTTGCAAAGAGACCCATG GCCTGTCCACCAAGGCAAATGCGCCCTTAGATCGACCGGGACAGCT TTATCGATAGCCATTGGGTTGTTGGAGTGCACATACGCCAATACTG GTGCCAGGGTCATGCTATTCGTTGGAGGACCTTGCTCTCAAGGCCC TGGTCAAGTCTTGAATGATGATCTGAAGCAACCTATCAGATCTCAC CACGACATCCAAAAAGACAATGCCAAATACATGAAGAAAGCAATC AAGCACTATGATAATTTAGCGATGAGAGCAGCAACGAATGGCCACT GCGTTGACATATATTCATGCGCTTTGGATCAGACAGGATTGATGGA GATGAAACAGTGTTGTAATTCAACAGGGGGACATATGGTCATGGGC GACTCGTTCAATTCTTCCCTGTTCAAGCAAACGTTCCAGCGCATATT TTCGAAAGATCAGAAAAACGAGCTGAAGATGGCATTTAATGGTACT CTGGAGGGTCAAGTGTTCCAGGGAGTTGAAAATTCAAGGCGGTATT GGATCTTGTGTTTCGTTGAATGTGAAGAATCCTTTGGTTTCCGACAC CGAAATAGGAATGGGTAACACGGTCCAGTGGAAAATGTGTACGGT AACTCCAAGTACTACCATGGCCTTGTTCTTCGAGGTCGTCAACCAA CATTCCGCTCCCATACCTCAAGGGGGAAGGGGCTGCATACAGTTCA TCACGCAATATCAGCATGCTAGTGGCCAGAAGAGGATCCGAGTAAC GACAGTTGCTAGAAACTGGGCCGATGCTTCCGCTAATATACATCAT GTCAGTGCTGGATTCGATCAGGAGGCAGCCGCAGTGATAATGGCGA GGATGGCAGTTTACAGAGCGGAATCAGACGATAGCCCTGATGTTTT GAGATGGGTCGATAGGATGTTGATACGTCTGTGCCAGAAATTCGGC GAATATAACAAGGACGACCCGAATTCGTTCCGCTTGGGCGAAAACT TCAGCCTCTACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTGAGAAGGTCACAGTTC CTGCAGGTGTTTAACAATTCTCCCGACGAAACGTCCTTCTACAGGC ACATGCTTATGCGCGAAGACCTCACGCAGTCGCTGATCATGATCCA GCCGATACTCTACAGCTACAGTTTCAATGGACCACCAGAACCTGTG CTTTTGGATACGAGTTCCATCCAACCCGATAG LD011 SEQ ID NO: 194 SEQ ID NO: 195 SEQ ID NO: 193 GCGTAATACGACT GGAAAAACGACAT GCCATAGGAAAGGCTTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTAGATTTGGCAGAGAT CACTATAGGGCCA TTGTGAAACGTC ATCATAGTACTGCAAATTCTTCTTCCTATGAAAGACAATACTTTTCG TAGGAAAGGCTTC SEQ ID NO: 197 CTTTTACTTTTCTGTCTTTGATGTCAACCTTGTTCCCGCAAAGTACTA TCAAAG GCGTAATACGACT TCGGGATATTTTCACAGACTCTGACAAGATCTCTGTGCCAATTTGGT SEQ ID NO: 196 CACTATAGGGGAA ACATTCTTGTATGTAACTCTGGAAGTTACATCAAACATGATAATAG GCCATAGGAAAGG AAACGACATTTGT CACACTGTCCCTGAATGTAATATCCATCACGGAGACCACCAAACTT CTTCTCAAAG GAAACGTC CTCCTGACCGGCAGTGTCCCATACATTGAACCGAATAGGGCCCCTG TTTGTATGGAAGACCAGAGGATGGACTTCAACTCCCAAAGTAGCTA CATATCTTTTTTCAAATTCACCAGTCATATGACGTTTCACAAATGTC GTTTTTCC LD014 SEQ ID NO: 199 SEQ ID NO: 200 SEQ ID NO: 198 GCGTAATACGACT GCGAAATCAGCTC TTTCATTGAACAAGAGGCAAACGAAAAGGCAGAAGAAATCGATGC CACTATAGGTTTC CAGACGAGC CAAGGCCGAGGAAGAATTTAATATTGAAAAGGGGCGCCTTGTTCAG ATTGAACAAGAGG SEQ ID NO: 202 CAACAACGTCTCAAGATTATGGAATATTATGAGAAGAAAGAGAAA CAAACG GCGTAATACGACT CAGGTCGAACTCCAGAAAAAAATCCAATCGTCTAACATGTTGAATC SEQ ID NO: 201 CACTATAGGGCGA AGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTAC TTTCATTGAACAA AATCAGCTCCAGA CGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGA GAGGCAAACG CGAGC CCAGGGAAAATATTCCCAAATCCTGGAAAGCCTCATTTTGCAGGGA TTATATCAGCTTTTTGAGAAAGATGTTACCATTCGAGTTCGGCCCCA GGACCGAGAACTGGTCAAATCCATCATTCCCACCGTCACGAACAAG TATAAAGATGCCACCGGTAAGGACATCCATCTGAAAATTGATGACG AAATCCATCTGTCCCAAGAAACCACCGGGGGAATCGACCTGCTGGC GCAGAAAAACAAAATCAAGATCAGCAATACTATGGAGGCTCGTCT GGAGCTGATTTCGC LD014_F1 SEQ ID NO: 204 SEQ ID NO: 205 SEQ ID NO: 203 GCGTAATACGACT CGTTTGTGACCTG ATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATC CACTATAGGATGT ACCAAGTC ACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGT TGAATCAGGCTCG SEQ ID NO: 207 CACAAACG ATTG GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 206 CACTATAGGCGTT ATGTTGAATCAGG TGTGACCTGACCA CTCGATTG AGTC LD014_F2 SEQ ID NO: 209 SEQ ID NO: 210 SEQ ID NO: 208 GCGTAATACGACT CGTTTGTGACCTG AAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGG CACTATAGGAAGA ACCAAG TCAGGTCACAAACG TCACGTTCGTACC SEQ ID NO: 212 GTAC GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 211 CACTATAGGCGTT AAGATCACGTTCG TGTGACCTGACCA TACCGTAC AG LD014_C1 SEQ ID NO: 213 AATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTAGGGAAGAT CACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGG TCACAAACGATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATTGAAGGTTA GGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGAC TTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTAT TGAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGC GTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGC LD014_C2 SEQ ID NO: 214 AAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTG GTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGC GCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACC GTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGAA GATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTC AGGTCACAAACGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGC GTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGC LD015 SEQ ID NO: 216 SEQ ID NO: 217 SEQ ID NO: 215 GCGTAATACGACT CTATCGGCGTGAA CGCCGGAGAGTTTTTGTCAGCTTCTTCAAAAGCTTTGCGCAAGTTAC CACTATAGGCGCC GCCCCC TCTCAGACTCGCCAGCGAGTTTGCTCATGATCTCCGGCCCGTTTATC GGAGAGTTTTTGT SEQ ID NO: 219 AAGAAGAAGAACGCCCCAGTCTCATTAGCCACGGCGCGAGCAATC CAGC GCGTAATACGACT AGGGTCTTACCCGTACCAGGGGGACCATACAGCAGTATACCCCTAG SEQ ID NO: 218 CACTATAGGCTAT GGGGCTTCACGCCGATAG CGCCGGAGAGTTT CGGCGTGAAGCCC TTGTCAGC CC LD016 SEQ ID NO: 221 SEQ ID NO: 222 SEQ ID NO: 220 GCGTAATACGACT GGTAATCCTCGAA GGCATAGTCAATATAGGAATCTGGGTGATGGATCCGTTACGTCCTT CACTATAGGGGCA GATGTTAAGTTCC CAACACGGCCGGCACGTTCATAGATGGTAGCTAAATCGGTGTACAT TAGTCAATATAGG SEQ ID NO: 224 GTAACCTGGGAAACCACGACGACCAGGCACCTCTTCTCTGGCAGCA AATCTGGGTG GCGTAATACGACT GATACCTCACGCAAAGCTTCTGCATACGAAGACATATCTGTCAAGA SEQ ID NO: 223 CACTATAGGGGTA TGACCAAGACGTGCTTCTCACATTGGTAAGCCAAGAATTCGGCAGC GGCATAGTCAATA ATCCTCGAAGATG TGTCAAAGCCAGACGAGGTGTAATAATTCTTTCAATGGTAGGATCG TAGGAATCTGGGTG TTAAGTTCC TTGGCCAAATTCAAGAACAGGCAGACATTCTCCATAGAACCGTTCT CTTCGAAATCCTGTTTGAAGAACCTAGCTGTTTCCATGTTAACACCC ATAGCAGCGAAAACAATAGCAAAGTTATCTTCATGATCATCAAGTA CAGATTTACCAGGAATCTTGACTAAACCAGCCTGTCTACAGATCTG GGCAGCAATTTCATTGTGAGGCAGACCAGCTGCAGAGAAAATGGG GATCTTCTGACCACGAGCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTCAATAGCTGTA ATACCCGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGATAGATACGGGACCACGGAT TGATTGGTTGACCCTGGATGTCCAAGAAGTCTTCAGCCAAAATTGG GGGACCTTTGTCGATGGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAAACACGTCCCA ACATATCTTCAGAAACAGGAGTCCTCAAAATATCTCCTGTGAATTC ACAAGCGGTGTTTTTGGCGTCGATTCCTGATGTGCCCTCGAACACTT GAACCACAGCTTTTGACCCACTGACTTCCAGAACTTGTCCCGAACG TATAGTGCCATCAGCCAGTTTGAGTTGTACGATTTCATTGTACTTGG GGAACTTAACATCTTCGAGGATTACC LD018 SEQ ID NO: 226 SEQ ID NO: 227 SEQ ID NO: 225 GCGTAATACGACT GTAGAGGCTCCAC GGAGTCGCAGAAATACGAGAGCACCTTCTCGAACAACCAAGCCTC CACTATAGGGGAG CGTCAATCGC CTTGAGGGTAAAACAAGCCCAGTCTGAGGACTCGGGACACTACACT TCGCAGAAATACG SEQ ID NO: 229 TTGTTGGCGGAGAACCCTCAAGGCTGCATAGTGTCATCTGCTTACTT AGAGGAC GCGTAATACGACT AGCCATAGAACCGGTAACCACCCAGGAAGGGTTGATCCACGAGTC SEQ ID NO: 228 CACTATAGGGTAG CACCTTCAAGCAGCAACAGACCGAAATGGAGCAAATCGAGACCAG GGAGTCGCAGAAA AGGCTCCACCGTC CAAGACCTTGGCGCCTAACTTCGTCAGGGTTTGCGGGGATAGAGAC TACGAGAGCAC AATCGC GTGACCGAGGGCAAGATGACCCGCTTCGACTGTCGCGTCACTGGTC GTCCTTATCCAGACGTGACATGGTACATAAACGGTCGACAAGTCAC CGACGACCACAACCACAAGATTTTGGTTAACGAATCCGGAAACCAT GCCCTGATGATCACCACCGTGAGCAGGAACGACTCAGGAGTAGTG ACCTGCGTCGCCAGGAACAAGACGGGAGAAACCTCCTTCCAGTGC AACCTTAACGTCATCGAAAAGGAACAGGTAGTCGCGCCCAAGTTCG TGGAGAGATTTACCACAGTCAACGTGGCAGAAGGAGAACCAGTGT CTCTGCGCGCTAGAGCTGTTGGCACGCCGGTGCCGCGAATCACTTG GCAGAGGGACGGGGCGCCCCTAGCCAGCGGGCCCGACGTTCGCAT CGCGATTGACGGTGGAGCCTCTAC LD027 SEQ ID NO: 231 SEQ ID NO: 232 SEQ ID NO: 230 GCGTAATACGACT TCGGACAGACTCG GGGAGCAGACGATCGGTTGGTTAAAATCTGGGACTATCAAAACAA CACTATAGGGGGA TTCATTTCCC AACGTGTGTCCAAACCTTGGAAGGACACGCCCAAAACGTAACCGC GCAGACGATCGGT SEQ ID NO: 234 GGTTTGTTTCCACCCTGAACTACCTGTGGCTCTCACAGGCAGCGAA TGG GCGTAATACGACT GATGGTACCGTTAGAGTTTGGCATACGAATACACACAGATTAGAGA SEQ ID NO: 233 CACTATAGGTCGG ATTGTTTGAATTATGGGTTCGAGAGAGTGTGGACCATTTGTTGCTTG GGGAGCAGACGAT ACAGACTCGTTCA AAGGGTTCGAATAATGTTTCTCTGGGGTATGACGAGGGCAGTATAT CGGTTGG TTTCCC TAGTGAAAGTTGGAAGAGAAGAACCGGCAGTTAGTATGGATGCCA GTGGCGGTAAAATAATTTGGGCAAGGCACTCGGAATTACAACAAG CTAATTTGAAGGCGCTGCCAGAAGGTGGAGAAATAAGAGATGGGG AGCGTTTACCTGTCTCTGTAAAAGATATGGGAGCATGTGAAATATA CCCTCAAACAATCCAACATAATCCGAATGGAAGATTCGTTGTAGTA TGCGGAGACGGCGAATATATCATTTACACAGCGATGGCTCTACGGA ACAAGGCTTTTGGAAGCGCTCAAGAGTTTGTCTGGGCTCAGGACTC CAGCGAGTATGCCATCGCGAGTCTGGTTCCACAATTCGGATATTC AAAAACTTCAAAGAAAGGAAGAACTTCAAGTCGGATTTCAGCGCG GAAGGAATCTACGGGGGTTTTCTCTTGGGGATTAAATCGGTGTCCG GTTTAACGTTTTACGATTGGGAAACTTTGGACTTGGTGAGACGGAT TGAAATACAACCGAGGGCGGTTATTGGTCTGACAGTGGAAAATTA GTCTGTCTCGCAACGGAGGACAGCTACTTCATCCTTTCTTATGATTC GGAGCAAGTTCAGAAGGCGAGGGAGAACAATCAAGTCGCAGAGGA TGGCGTAGAGGCCGCTTTCGATGTGTTGGGGGAAATGAACGAGTCT GTCCGA gfp SEQ ID NO: 236 SEQ ID NO: 237 SEQ ID NO: 235 GCGTAATACGACT CAATTTGTGTCCA AGATACCCAGATCATATGAAACGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCCA CACTATAGGAGAT AGAATGTTTCC TGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAAAGAACTATATTTTTCAAAGATGA ACCCAGATCATAT SEQ ID NO: 239 CGGGAACTACAAGACACGTAAGTTTAAACAGTTCGGTACTAACTAA GAAACGG GCGTAATACGACT CCATACATATTTAAATTTTCAGGTGCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTG SEQ ID NO: 238 CACTATAGGCAAT ATACCCTTGTTAATAGAATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAAGA AGATACCCAGATC TTGTGTCCAAGAA AGATGGAAACATTCTTGGACACAAATTG ATATGAAACGG TGTTTCC

TABLE 8-PC Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ PC001 SEQ ID NO: 474 SEQ ID NO: 475 SEQ ID NO: 473 GCATGGATGTTGG GCGTAATACGACT GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTCTTCGCCCCTCGTCCATCCA ACAAATTGGG CACTATAGGAGAT CCGGGCCTCACAAGTTGCGCGAATCCCTGCCTTTAGTGATTTTCCTTCG SEQ ID NO: 476 TCAAATTTGATGT TAACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCCTTACAAACAGTGAAGTCACTAAAATTGT GCGTAATACGACT AGTCAAGAATTTT CATGCAAAGGTTGATCAAAGTTGATGGTAAAGTGAGGACTGATTCTAA CACTATAGGGCAT AG TTACCCTGCTGGTTTCATGGATGTCATTACTATTGAGAAGACTGGTGAA GGATGTTGGACAA SEQ ID NO: 477 TTTTTCCGTCTGATCTATGATGTTAAAGGAAGATTTGCTGTGCACCGTA ATTGGG AGATTCAAATTTG TTACAGCTGAAGAGGCAAAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAAGGAGAGTCC ATGTAGTCAAGAA AAACTGGTCCCAAAGGAATCCCATTTTTGGTAACACATGATGGCAGAA TTTTAG CCATTCGTACCCTGACCCCAACATCAAAGTGAATGACACAATTCAAAT GGAAATTGCTACATCTAAAATTCTTGACTACATCAAATTTGAATCT PC003 SEQ ID NO: 479 SEQ ID NO: 480 SEQ ID NO: 478 CCCTAGACGTCCC GCGTAATACGACT CCCTAGACGTCCCTATGAAAAGGCCCGTCTGGATCAGGAATTGAAAAT TATGAAAAGGCCC CACTATAGGTTGA TATCGGCGCCTTTGGTTTACGAAACAAACGTGAAGTGTGGAGAGTAAA SEQ ID NO: 481 CACGGCCAGGTCG GTACACTTTGGCTAAAATCCGTAAAGCTGCTCGTGAACTGCTCACCCTA GCGTAATACGACT GCCACC GAAGAAAAAGAGCCTAAAAGATTGTTTGAAGGTAATGCACTTCTACGT CACTATAGGCCCT SEQ ID NO: 482 CGTTTGGTGCGAATTGGTGTTCTGGATGAGAACAGGATGAAGCTTGATT AGACGTCCCTATG TTGACACGGCCAG ATGTTTTGGGTCTGAAAATTGAAGATTTCTTGGAAAGAAGGCTCCAAA AAAAGGCCC GTCGGCCACC CTCAGGTGTTCAAATCTGGTCTGGCAAAGTCAATTCATCATGCTAGAGT ACTGATTAGGCAGAGACACATCCGGGTGCGCAAGCAGGTGGTGAACAT CCCCTCGTTCATCGTGCGGCTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATCGACTTCTCC CTGAAGTCGCCCTTCGGGGGTGGCCGACCTGGCCGTGTCAA PC005 SEQ ID NO: 484 SEQ ID NO: 485 SEQ ID NO: 483 ATCCTAATGAAAT GCGTAATACGACT ATCCTAATGAAATCAACGAAATCGCCAACACCAACTCAAGACAAAACA CAACGAAATCGCC CACTATAGGTTCC TCCGTAAGCTCATCAAGGATGGTCTTATCATCAAGAAGCCAGTGGCAG SEQ ID NO: 486 CTACGTTCCCTGG TACACTCTAGGGCCCGTGTACGCAAGAACACTGAAGCTAGAAGGAAGG GCGTAATACGACT CCTGCTTC GAAGGCATTGTGGATTTGGAAAGAGGAAGGGTACGGCAAATGCCCGTA CACTATAGGATCC SEQ ID NO: 487 TGCCTCAAAAGGAACTGTGGGTGCAGCGCATGCGCGTCCTCAGGCGCC TAATGAAATCAAC TTCCCTACGTTCCC TCCTCAAAAAGTACAGGGAGGCCAAGAAAATCGACCGCCATCTTTACC GAAATCGCC TGGCCTGCTTC ACGCCCTGTACATGAAAGCGAAGGGTAACGTGTTCAGGAACAAGAGG GTCCTTATGGAGTACATCCACAAGAAGAAGGCAGAGAAGGCCAGGGC CAAGATGCTGTCTGACCAGGCTAACGCCAGGAGATTGAAGGTGAAGCA GGCCAGGGAACGTAGGGAA PC010 SEQ ID NO: 489 SEQ ID NO: 490 SEQ ID NO: 488 GCTCAGCCTATTA GCGTAATACGACT GCTCAGCCTATTACCGCCCAACGCGTTGATTGGATTGATCACGTTCGGA CCGCCCAACGC CACTATAGGATGG AAAATGGTGCAAGTCGACGAACTGGGTACCGAAGGCTGCAGCAAGTCG SEQ ID NO: 491 AAAATGAGTATCT TACGTGTTCTGTGGAACGAAAGATCTCACCGCCAAGCAAGTCCAGGAG GCGTAATACGACT GGAAGAAAG ATGTTGGGCATTGGAAAAGGGTCACCAAATCCCCAACAACAGCCAGGG CACTATAGGGCTC SEQ ID NO: 492 CAACCTGGGCGGCCAGGGCAGAATCCCCAAGCTGCCCCTGTACCACCG AGCCTATTACCGC ATGGAAAATGAGT GGGAGCAGATTCTTGCAGCCCGTGTCAAAATGCGACATGAACTTGACA CCAACGC ATCTGGAAGAAAG GATCTGATCGGGGAGTTGCAGAAAGACCCTTGGCCCGTACATCAGGGC AAAAGACCTCTTAGATCCACAGGCGCAGCATTGTCCATCGCTGTCGGC CTCTTAGAATGCACCTATCCGAATACGGGTGGCAGAATCATGATATTCT TAGGAGGACCATGCTCTCAGGGTCCCGGCCAGGTGTTGAACGACGATT TGAAGCAGCCCATCAGGTCCCATCATGACATACACAAAGACAATGCCA AGTACATGAAGAAGGCTATCAAACATTACGATCACTTGGCAATGCGAG CTGCCACCAACAGCCATTGCATCGACATTTACTCCTGCGCCCTGGATCA GACGGGACTGATGGAGATGAAGCAGTGCTGCAATTCCACCGGAGGGCA CATGGTCATGGGCGATTCCTTCAATTCCTCTCTATTCAAACAAACCTTC CAGCGAGTGTTCTCAAAAGACCCGAAGAACGACCTCAAGATGGCGTTC AACGCCACCTTGGAGGTGAAGTGTTCCAGGGAGTTAAAAGTCGAAGGG GGCATCGGCTCGTGCGTGTCCTTGAACGTTAAAAGCCCTCTGGTTTCCG ATACGGAACTAGGCATGGGGAATACTGTGCAGTGGAAACTTTGCACGT TGGCGCCGAGCTCTACTGTGGCGCTGTTCTTCGAGGTGGTTAACCAGCA TTCGGCGCCCATACCACAGGGAGGCAGGGGCTGCATCCAGCTCATCAC CCAGTATCAGCACGCGAGCGGGCAAAGGAGGATCAGAGTGACCACGA TTGCTAGAAATTGGGCGGACGCTACTGCCAACATCCACCACATTAGCG CTGGCTTCGACCAAGAAGCGGCGGCAGTTGTGATGGCCCGAATGGCCG GTTACAAGGCGGAATCGGACGAGACTCCCGACGTGCTCAGATGGGTGG ACAGGATGTTGATCAGGCTGTGCCAGAAGTTCGGAGAGTACAATAAAG ACGATCCGAATTCGTTCAGGTTGGGGGAGAACTTCAGTCTGTATCCGCA GTTCATGTACCATTTGAGACGGTCGCAGTTTCTGCAGGTGTTCAATAAT TCTCCTGATGAAACGTCGTTTTATAGGCACATGCTGATGCGTGAGGATT TGACTCAGTCTTTGATCATGATCCAGCCGATTTTGTACAGTTACAGCTT CAACGGGCCGCCCGAGCCTGTGTTGTTGGACACAAGCTCTATTCAGCC GGATAGAATCCTGCTCATGGACACTTTCTTCCAGATACTCATTTTCCAT PC014 SEQ ID NO: 494 SEQ ID NO: 495 SEQ ID NO: 493 CTGATGTTCAAAA GCGTAATACGACT CTGATGTTCAAAAACAAATCAAACACATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAG ACAAATCAAACAC CACTATAGGTGAG AAGCCAATGAGAAAGCAGAAGAAATTGATGCCAAGGCAGAGGAGGAA ATG CGATCAGATCCAA TTCAACATTGAAAAAGGGCGTTTGGTCCAGCAACAGAGACTCAAGATC SEQ ID NO: 496 CCTAGCCTCC ATGGAGTACTACGAGAAAAAGGAGAAGCAAGTCGAACTTCAAAAGAA GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 497 AATTCAGTCCTCTAATATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGTTTGAAGGTGCTGAAA CACTATAGGCTGA TGAGCGATCAGAT GTGAGAGAGGACCATGTCAGAGCAGTCCTGGAGGATGCTCGTAAAAGT TGTTCAAAAACAA CCAACCTAGCCTCC CTTGGTGAAGTAACCAAAGACCAAGGAAAATACTCCCAAATTTTGGAG ATCAAACACATG AGCCTAATCCTACAAGGACTGTTCCAGCTGTTCGAGAAGGAGGTGACG GTCCGCGTGAGACCGCAAGACAGGGACCTGGTCAGGTCCATCCTGCCC AACGTCGCTGCCAAATACAAGGACGCCACCGGCAAAGACATCCTACTC AAGGTGGACGATGAGTCGCACCTGTCTCAGGAGATCACCGGAGGCGTC GATTTGCTCGCTCAGAAGAACAAGATCAAGATCAGCAACACGATGGAG GCTAGGTTGGATCTGATCGCTCA PC016 SEQ ID NO: 499 SEQ ID NO: 500 SEQ ID NO: 498 ACTGGTCATTCTTG GCGTAATACGACT ACTGGTCATTCTTGAGGATGTCAAGTTTCCAAAATTCAATGAAATTGTC AGGATGTCAAGT CACTATAGGTTGG CAGCTCAAATTGGCAGATGGAACTCTACGATCTGGACAAGTTTTGGAA SEQ ID NO: 501 GCATAGTCAAGAT GTCAGTGGATCAAAGGCAGTTGTTCAGGTATTTGAAGGCACATCAGGT GCGTAATACGACT GGGGATCTGC ATTGATGCTAAGAACACGGTGTGTGAGTTCACTGGAGATATTCTAAGA CACTATAGGACTG SEQ ID NO: 502 ACTCCAGTATCAGAAGATATGCTGGGACGTGTCTTCAATGGATCAGGA GTCATTCTTGAGG TTGGGCATAGTCA AAACCCATTGATAAAGGTCCCCCGATCCTGGCTGAGGACTACCTCGAC ATGTCAAGT AGATGGGGATCTGC ATCCAAGGACAGCCGATCAACCCGTGGTCGCGTATTTATCCCGAGGAA ATGATCCAGACTGGGATCACGGCCATCGACGTGATGAACTCTATCGCC AGAGGGCAGAAGATTCCGATCTTCTCCGCCGCTGGGCTGCCCCACAAT GAGATTGCAGCCCAGATTTGTAGGCAGGCTGGCTTGGTCAAAGTACCT GGCAAGTCTGTGCTGGATGACCATGAAGACAACTTTGCTATTGTGTTTG CTGCTATGGGTGTCAACATGGAAACTGCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTT CGAAGAGAACGGCTCGATGGAGAACGTGTGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGC CAACGATCCGACCATCGAGCGCATCATCACGCCGCGTTTGGCTCTGAC GGCCGCCGAATTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCTGGTCAT CTTGACCGACATGTCGTCGTACGCGGAGGCGTTGCGTGAGGTGTCTGCC GCTCGAGAAGAAGTGCCCGGCCGTAGGGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTAC ACCGATCTGGCCACCATTTACGAGCGCGCCGGTCGTGTGGAGGGCCGC AACGGCTCCATCACGCAGATCCCCATCTTGACTATGCCCAA PC027 SEQ ID NO: 504 SEQ ID NO: 505 SEQ ID NO: 503 CAAGCTAACTTGA GCGTAATACGACT CAAGCTAACTTGAAAGTACTACCAGAAGGAGCTGAAATCAGAGATGGA AAGTACTACCAGA CACTATAGGTTTT GAACGTTTGCCAGTCACAGTAAAGGACATGGGAGCATGCGAGATTTAC AGG GGAATTGAAGGCA CCACAAACAATCCAACACAACCCCAATGGGCGGTTTGTAGTGGTTTGT SEQ ID NO: 506 ATACTCGATCAG GGTGATGGAGAATACATAATATACACGGCTATGGCCCTTCGTAACAAA GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 507 GCATTTGGTAGCGCTCAAGAATTTGTATGGGCACAGGACTCCAGTGAA CACTATAGGCAAG TTTTGGAATTGAA TATGCCATCCGCGAATCCGGATCCACCATTCGAATCTTCAAGAATTTCA CTAACTTGAAAGT GGCAATACTCGAT AAGAAAAAAAGAATTTCAAGTCCGACTTTGGTGCCGAAGGAATCTATG ACTACCAGAAGG CAG GTGGTTTTCTCTTGGGTGTGAAATCAGTTTCTGGCTTAGCTTTCTATGAC TGGGAAACGCTTGAGTTAGTAAGGCGCATTGAAATACAGCCTAGAGCT ATCTACTGGTCAGATAGTGGCAAGTTGGTATGCCTTGCTACCGAAGATA GCTATTTCATATTGTCCTATGACTCTGACCAAGTCCAGAAAGCTAGAGA TAACAACCAAGTTGCTGAAGATGGAGTGGAGGCTGCCTTTGATGTCCT AGGTGAAATAAATGAATCCGTAAGAACAGGTCTTTGGGTAGGAGACTG CTTCATTTACACAAACGCAGTCAACCGTATCAACTACTTTGTGGGTGGT GAATTGGTAACTATTGCACATCTGGACCGTCCTCTATATGTCCTGGGCT ATGTACCTAGAGATGACAGGTTATACTTGGTTGATAAAGAGTTAGGAG TAGTCAGCTATCNAATTGCTATTATCTGTACTCGAATATCAGACTGCAG TCATGCGACGAGACTTCCCAACGGCTGATCGAGTATTGCCTTCAATTCC AAAA

TABLE 8-EV Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ EV005 SEQ ID NO: 577 SEQ ID NO: 578 SEQ ID NO: 576 GACAAAACATCCG GCGTAATACGACT GACAAAACATCCGCAAACTGATTAAAGATGGTCTTATTATTAAAAAGC CAAACTG CACTATAGGCTCC CTGTCGCGGTGCATTCTCGTGCACGTGTACGCAAAAATACTGAAGCCC SEQ ID NO: 579 TTGCATCAGCTTG GCAGGAAAGGTCGTCATTGTGGATTTGGTAAAAGGAAAGGAACTGCAA GCGTAATACGACT ATC ATGCTAGGATGCCCAGAAAGGAATTATGGATTCAACGTATGAGAGTTC CACTATAGGGACA SEQ ID NO: 580 TCAGAAGGTTATTGAAGAAATATAGGGAAGCTAAGAAAATTGATAGGC AAACATCCGCAAA CTCCTTGCATCAG ATTTATACCATGCTTTATATATGAAAGCTAAGGGAAATGTATTCAAGAA CTG CTTGATC TAAGAGAGTAATGATGGACTATATCCATAAAAAGAAGGCGGAGAAAG CACGTACAAAGATGCTCAATGATCAAGCTGATGCAAGGAG EV009 SEQ ID NO: 582 SEQ ID NO: 583 SEQ ID NO: 581 CAGGACTGAAGAA GCGTAATACGACT CAGGACTGAAGAATCTATAATAGGAACAAACCCAGGAATGGGTTTTAG TCTATAATAGG CACTATAGGCTGG GCCAATGCCCGACAACAACGAAGAAAGTACCCTGATTTGGTTACAGGG SEQ ID NO: 584 AAAGATGGGTAAT TTCTAATAAAACAAACTACGAAAAATGGAAAATGAATCTCCTCTCATA GCGTAATACGACT ACTTC TTTAGACAAGTATTACACTCCCGGAAAAATAGAAAAGGGAAATATTCC CACTATAGGCAGG SEQ ID NO: 585 AGTAAAGCGCTGTTCATACGGAGAAAAATTGATTAGGGGACAAGTATG ACTGAAGAATCTA CTGGAAAGATGGG TGATGTAGATGTGAGGAAATGGGAGCCGTGCACCCCGGAAAATCATTT TAATAGG TAATACTTC TGATTACCTCAGAAATGCGCCTTGTATATTTCTGAAGCTGAACAGGATA TATGGATGGGAACCGGAGTACTACAACGATCCAAATGATCTTCCAGAT GATATGCCGCAGCAGTTGAAGGACCATATACGTTTATAATATCACCAAT CCAGTGGAGAGAAATACCGTCTGGGTAACATGCGCAGGTGAAAATCCG GCAGACGTGGAGTACTTGGGCCCTGTGAAGTATTACCCATCTTTCCAG EV010 SEQ ID NO: 587 SEQ ID NO: 588 SEQ ID NO: 586 CCAATGGAGACTT GCGTAATACGACT CCAATGGAGACTTGAAGATGTCCTTCAACGCCATATTAGAAGTGAAGT GAAGATGTC CACTATAGGCTTC GTTCTAGAGAACTTAAAGTACAAGGAGGTATAGGTCCTTGTGTCTCTCT SEQ ID NO: 589 CCTCATCAACATG AAATGTCAAAAATCCTCTTGTTTCTGATTTAGAAATAGGCATGGGTAAC GCGTAATACGACT TGC ACAGTTCAGTGGAAACTGTGTAGCTTAAGTCCAAGCACTACGGTTGCCT CACTATAGGCCAA SEQ ID NO: 590 TATTTTTCGAAGTTGTTAATCAGCATGCAGCACCCATTCCTCAAGGGGG TGGAGACTTGAAG CTTCCCTCATCAAC ACGTGGATGCATTCAGTTTATTACTCAATATCAGCATTCAAGTGGTCAG ATGTC ATGTGC AAAAAAATAAGGGTAACTACAATAGCAAGAAATTGGGCGGATGCCAC TGCAAATATTCACCATATTAGCGCTGGCTTTGACGAACAAACTGCGGCT GTTTTAATGGCGAGGATCGCTGTATATAGAGCAGAAACTGATGAGAGT TCAGATGTTCTCAGATGGGTTGACAGAATGTTGATACGATTGTGTCAGA AATTTGGAGAATATAACAAAGATGACACCAACAGCTTCAGGCTCAGTG AAAACTTCAGCTTATATCCACAGTTTATGTATCATCTACGTCGTTCCCA ATTTCTACAAGTGTTCAATAATTCACCAGATGAAACTTCATTCTATAGG CACATGTTGATGAGGGAAG EV015 SEQ ID NO: 592 SEQ ID NO: 593 SEQ ID NO: 591 GTTAAGCCTCCAA GCGTAATACGACT GTTAAGCCTCCAAGGGGTATTCTCCTTTACGGGCCTCCCGGCACGGGGA GGGGTATTC CACTATAGGGAGC AAACGCTGATCGCCAGGGCCGTTGCCAACGAAACTGGTGCGTTCTTCTT SEQ ID NO: 594 ACAAAGAAGCCAA CCTCATCAATGGGCCCGAGATTATGAGCAAGCTGGCCGGAGAATCCGA GCGTAATACGACT GTCAG GAGCAATCTTAGAAAGGCTTTTGAAGAGGCTGATAAAAACTCTCCTGC CACTATAGGGTTA SEQ ID NO: 595 AATCATCTTTATCGACGAATTAGACGCAATCGCTCCCAAGCGCGAGAA AGCCTCCAAGGGG GAGCACAAAGAAG GACTCATGGTGAGGTAGAGAGACGCATCGTCTCCCAACTGTTGACTTTG TATTC CCAAGTCAG ATGGACGGCATGAAGAAAAGTTCCCATGTGATCGTGATGGCGGCCACG AACAGGCCCAATTCCATCGACCCTGCACTCAGACGTTTCGGCCGATTCG ACAGAGAGATCGACATCGGTATCCCCGACGCTACTGGAAGATTAGAAG TACTCAGAATACACACCAAAAACATGAAATTGGCTGACGATGTAGATT TGGAACAGATTGCCGCAGAGACTCACGGTCATGTAGGTGCTGACTTGG CTTCTTTGTGCTC EV016 SEQ ID NO: 597 SEQ ID NO: 598 SEQ ID NO: 596 GGTGATCCTTGAT GCGTAATACGACT GGTGATCCTTGATAGTGTTAAGTTTCCAAAATTTAACGAAATTGTACAG AGTGTTAAG CACTATAGGCCTC CTCAAGTTATCAGATGGAACAGTTAGGTCTGGACAAGTTTTGGAAGTC SEQ ID NO: 599 AGCATAAGATGAC AGTGGACAGAAGGCGGTTGTCCAAGTTTTTGAAGGCACCTCCGGAATT GCGTAATACGACT ATG GATGCTAAAAACACTTTATGTGAATTTACAGGAGATATCTTAAGAACTC CACTATAGGGGTG SEQ ID NO: 600 CAGTGTCTGAAGATATGTTGGGTCGTGTGTTTAATGGATCTGGAAAGCC ATCCTTGATAGTG CCTCAGCATAAGA TATCGATAAAGGGCCGCCAATCTTAGCTGAAGATTTTCTTGACATTCAA TTAAG TGACATG GGTCAACCTATAAATCCTTGGTCTCGTATCTATCCAGAAGAAATGATCC AGACTGGTATTTCTGCGATTGATGTGATGAATTCCATTGCCAGAGGACA AAAGATTCCAATTTTCTCTGCAGCTGGTTTACCCCACAATGAAATCGCT GCTCAAATCTGTAGACAAGCTGGTCTTGTCAAAATCCCAGGGAAATCT GTCTTAGATGATCATGAAGACAACTTTGCTATCGTTTTCGCCGCTATGG GTGTCAATATGGAAACAGCCAGATTCTTCAAGCAAGATTTTGAAGAGA ATGGCTCTATGGAAAATGTGTGCCTATTTTTGAACTTGGCCAATGATCC TACCATTGAAAGAATTATAACACCCCGTTTGACTTTAACAGCGGCTGAA TTTATGGCATATCAATGTGAGAAGCATGTGTTAGTCATATTGACTGACA TGTCATCTTATGCTGAGG

TABLE 8-AG Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ AG001 SEQ ID NO: 769 SEQ ID NO: 770 SEQ ID NO: 768 GCGTAATACGACT GATTTCCAGTTGG GCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTGTTCGCCCCCAGGCCCTCC CACTATAGGGCAT ATGGTGTCG ACCGGGCCACACAAGCTCAGGGAGTCCCTTCCATTAGTGATTTTCTTGC GGATGTTGGACAA SEQ ID NO: 772 GTAACAGGTTGAAGTACGCCCTGACAAACTGTGAGGTGACCAAGATCG ATTGG GCGTAATACGACT TTATGCAGAGACTTATTAAGGTCGACGGCAAAGTCAGGACTGATCCTA SEQ ID NO: 771 CACTATAGGGATT ACTATCCTGCTGGATTCATGGATGTGATCACCATTGAAAAAACTGGTGA GCATGGATGTTGG TCCAGTTGGATGG ATTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGTTAAGGGAAGATTCACTATTCACAGG ACAAATTGG TGTCG ATCACTGCTGAAGAAGCAAAATACAAATTGTGCAAAGTCCGCAAGGTG CAAACCGGACCAAAAGGTATTCCATTCTTGGTCACCCACGATGGTAGG ACCATTAGGTACCCTGACCCAATGATCAAGGTAAACGACACCATCCAA CTGGAAATC AG005 SEQ ID NO: 774 SEQ ID NO: 775 SEQ ID NO: 773 GCGTAATACGACT CCTTTTGCCTTCTG CAACACCAACTCGAGGCAAAACATCCGTAAATTGATCAAGGATGGTTT CACTATAGGCAAC GCGTTAG GATCATTAAGAAACCGGTGGCAGTGCACTCTAGGGCTCGTGTCCGTAA ACCAACTCGAGGC SEQ ID NO: 777 AAACACAGAAGCTCGCAGGAAGGGAAGGCACTGCGGTTTCGGTAAGA AAAAC GCGTAATACGACT GGAAAGGTACAGCGAACGCTCGTATGCCTCAAAAGGAACTATGGATCC SEQ ID NO: 776 CACTATAGGCCTT AAAGGATGCGTGTCTTGAGGCGTCTCCTGAAAAAATACAGGGAAGCCA CAACACCAACTCG TTGCCTTCTGGCGT AAAAGATCGACAGGCATCTGTACCACGCCCTGTACATGAAGGCCAAGG AGGCAAAAC TAG GTAACGTGTTCAAGAACAAGAGAGTGTTGATGGAATACATCCACAAGA AGAAGGCTGAGAAGGCCCGTGCCAAGATGTTGGCCGACCAAGCTAACG CCAGAAGGCAAAAGG AG010 SEQ ID NO: 779 SEQ ID NO: 780 SEQ ID NO: 778 GCGTAATACGACT GAAGGATGCCTGG CAAACTTTCCAAAGGGTGTTCGCGAAGGACCAGAATGGACATTTGAAG CACTATAGGCAAA TCATCTTTG ATGGCTTTCAACGGTACTTTGGAGGTGAAGTGCTCTAGGGAATTAAAA CTTTCCAAAGGGT SEQ ID NO: 782 GTTCAAGGCGGTATTGGCTCATGCGTGTCGCTAAATGTAAAAAGTCCTT GTTCG GCGTAATACGACT TGGTAGCGGACACGGAAATAGGCATGGGAAACACCGTGCAATGGAAG SEQ ID NO: 781 CACTATAGGGAAG ATGTGCACCTTCAACCCTAGCACGACGATGGCGCTGTTTTTCGAGGTGG CAAACTTTCCAAA GATGCCTGGTCAT TCAATCAGCATTCGGCCCCCATTCCTCAAGGTGGTAGAGGATGTATACA GGGTGTTCG CTTTG GTTTATTACACAATATCAGCACTCGAGTGGCCAAAGGAGGATAAGGGT GACGACGATAGCGAGAAATTGGGCGGACGCATCGGCGAATATTCACCA CATCAGCGCGGGTTTCGATCAGGAACGTGCCGCGGTGATTATGGCCCG GATGGCTGTTTATAGAGCGGAGACCGATGAGAGTCCCGATGTTTTAAG ATGGGTCGATCGGATGCTGATTCGTTTGTGTCAAAAGTTTGGAGAATAT AACAAAGATGACCAGGCATCCTTC AG014 SEQ ID NO: 784 SEQ ID NO: 785 SEQ ID NO: 783 GCGTAATACGACT CAACTGTTGCGAA GAAAAGGCCGAGGAAATTGATGCCAAGGCGGAAGAAGAATTTAACAT CACTATAGGGAAA ATCAGGTCC TGAAAAGGGCCGCCTTGTGCAACAACAAAGATTGAAGATCATGGAATA AGGCCGAGGAAAT SEQ ID NO: 787 CTATGAGAAGAAGGAGAAGCAAGTCGAACTACAAAAGAAAATTCAAT TGATG GCGTAATACGACT CCTCCAACATGCTGAACCAAGCCCGTCTTAAGGTTCTGAAAGTCCGCG SEQ ID NO: 786 CACTATAGGCAAC AAGATCATGTTAGAGCTGTATTGGATGAGGCTCGCAAGAAGCTTGGTG GAAAAGGCCGAGG TGTTGCGAAATCA AAGTCACCAGGGATCAAGGCAAATATGCCCAGATTCTGGAATCTTTGA AAATTGATG GGTCC TCCTTCAGGGACTCTACCAGCTTTTCGAGGCAAACGTGACCGTACGCGT CCGCCCACAAGACAGAACCTTAGTCCAATCAGTGCTGCCAACCATCGC AACCAAATACCGTGACGTCACCGGCCGAGATGTACACCTGTCCATCGA TGACGAAACTCAACTGTCCGAATCCGTAACCGGCGGAATCGAACTTTT GTGCAAACAAAACAAAATTAAGGTCTGCAACACCCTGGAGGCACGTTT GGACCTGATTTCGCAACAGTTG AG016 SEQ ID NO: 789 SEQ ID NO: 790 SEQ ID NO: 788 GCGTAATACGACT CGACCGGCTCTTT GTGTTCAACGGATCAGGAAAACCCATTGACAAAGGTCCTCCAATCTTA CACTATAGGGTGT CGTAAATG GCCGAAGATTTCTTGGACATCCAAGGTCAACCCATCAACCCATGGTCG TCAACGGATCAGG SEQ ID NO: 792 CGTATCTACCCGGAAGAAATGATCCAGACCGGTATCTCCGCCATCGAC AAAACC GCGTAATACGACT GTGATGAACTCCATCGCGCGTGGGCAAAAAATCCCCATTTTCTCCGCGG SEQ ID NO: 791 CACTATAGGCGAC CCGGTTTACCGCACAACGAAATCGCCGGCCCAAATCTGTAGACAGGCCG GTGTTCAACGGAT CGGCTCTTTCGTA GTTTAGTCAAACTGCCGGGCAAATCGGTAATCGACGATCACGAGGACA CAGGAAAACC AATG ATTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGCCATGGGTGTCAACATGGAAACCGCCCG TTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAAGAAAACGGTTCCATGGAGAACGTGTG TCTCTTCTTGAATTTGGCCAACGATCCCACCATCGAGAGAATCATCACG CCCCGTTTGGCTCTGACCGCCGCCGAATTTTTGGCTTATCAATGCGAGA AACACGTGCTGGTTATCTTAACTGATATGTCTTCTTACGCCGAGGCTTT GCGTGAAGTATCCGCCGCCAGAGAAGAAGTACCCGGACGTCGTGGGTT CCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTGGCCACCATTTACGAAAGAGCCGGT CG

TABLE 8-TC Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ TC001 SEQ ID NO: 864 SEQ ID NO: 865 SEQ ID NO: 863 GCGTAATACGACT GGTGTGCCCATTT CTGCGAAACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCTTGACCAACTCAGAAGTGACGAAG CACTATAGGCTGC GCATCCT ATTGTTATGCAAAGATTGATTAAAGTTGACGGAAAAGTTAGGACAGAC GAAACAGGCTGAA SEQ ID NO: 867 CCCAACTACCCCGCGGGTTTCATGGATGTTGTGACTATTGAGAAAACTG GTATGC GCGTAATACGACT GGGAATTCTTCCGCTTGATTTATGATGTTAAGGGAAGGTTCACAATCCA SEQ ID NO: 866 CACTATAGGGGTG TCGCATTACTGGAGAAGAGGCCAAATATAAATTGTGCAAAGTGAAGAA CTGCGAAACAGGC TGCCCATTTGCATC AGTACAGACAGGCCCCAAGGGCATTCCCTTCTTGGTGACCCGCGACGG TGAAGTATGC CT ACGCACTATCAGATACCCAGACCCCATGATCAAAGTGAATGACACCAT TCAATTGGAGATTGCCACTTCGAAAATTCTTGATTTTATCAAATTTGAG TCCGGTAATTTGTGTATGATTACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGGCGTGTCG GTACAGTGGTGAGCCGAGAACGTCACCCAGGTTCCTTCGACATCGTTC ATATTAAGGATGCAAATGGGCACACC TC002 SEQ ID NO: 869 SEQ ID NO: 870 SEQ ID NO: 868 GCGTAATACGACT CTTTGTGAACAGC CATCCATGTTGAGGTGGGCATTTTTGAGGGCGTCCGCTGCGTTTTTCAT CACTATAGGCATC GGCCATC CGTTTTGAGTACGGCTGTGTTGGTGTTGGCCCCCTCGAGGGCCTCCCGC CATGTTGAGGTGG SEQ ID NO: 872 TGCATCTCGATGGTGCTGAGGGTGCCATCGATCTGCTGGAGCTGCTTTT GCA GCGTAATACGACT CGTAGCGTTTCTTCCTCTTGATGGCCTGGATGGCCGCTGTTCACAAAG SEQ ID NO: 871 CACTATAGGCTTT CATCCATGTTGAG GTGAACAGCGGCC GTGGGCA ATC TC010 SEQ ID NO: 874 SEQ ID NO: 875 SEQ ID NO: 873 GCGTAATACGACT ATGTCCTGGTACTT ATGTCCTGGTACTTGAGGTTCCTCCATTGGGCGATTGTCTCACCGTGGA CACTATAGGATGT GAGGTTCCTCC AAATCAAAATTTGGAAAAATGTGTCCATGAGAAGGATCCGATCGGGTT ACCATTTGCGCCG SEQ ID NO: 877 GAATGGAACTAGTGTCGAGGAGGACGGGTTCAGGGGGGCCGTTGAAA CTC GCGTAATACGACT CTATAACTGTACAAAATCGGCTGGATCATAATGAGACTTTGGGTGAGG SEQ ID NO: 876 CACTATAGGATGT TCCTCCCGCATCAGCATGTGGCGGTAGAACGAGGTCTCGTCTGGGGAG ATGTACCATTTGC CCTGGTACTTGAG TTGTTGAAAACTTGGAGGAATTGGGAGCGGCGCAAATGGTACAT GCCGCTC GTTCCTCC TC014 SEQ ID NO: 879 SEQ ID NO: 880 SEQ ID NO: 878 GCGTAATACGACT ACAAGGCCGTACG CAACAGCGCTTGAAGATCATGGAATATTACGAGAAGAAGGAGAAACC CACTATAGGCAAC AATTTCTGG GGTGGAATTGCAGAAGAAAATTCAGTCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGC AGCGCTTGAAGAT SEQ ID NO: 882 CCGTTTGAAAGTATTAAAAGTGCGTGAAGACCACGTCCACAATGTGCT CATGG GCGTAATACGACT GGATGACGCCCGCAAACGTCTGGGCGAAATCACCAATGACCAGGCGAG SEQ ID NO: 881 CACTATAGGACAA ATATTCACAACTTTTGGAGTCTCTTATCCTCCAGAGTCTCTACCAGTACT CAACAGCGCTTGA GGCCGTACGAATT TGGGAATCAGTGATGAGTTGTTTGAGAACAATATAGTGGTGAGAGTCA AGATCATGG TCTGG GGCAACAGGACAGGAGTATAATCCAGGGCATTCTCCCAGTTGTTGCGA CGAAATACAGGGACGCCACTGGTAAAGACGTTCATCTTAAAATCGACG ATGAGAGCCACTTGCCATCCGAAACCACCGGAGGAGTGGTTTTGTATG CGCAAAAGGGTAAAATCAAGATTGACAACACCTTGGAGGCTCGTTTGG ATTTAATTGCACAGCAACTTGTGCCAGAAATTCGTACGGCCTTGT TC015 SEQ ID NO: 884 SEQ ID NO: 885 SEQ ID NO: 883 GCGTAATACGACT TCGGATTCGCCGG CGATACAGTGTTGCTGAAAGGGAAGCGGCGGAAAGAGACCGTCTGCAT CACTATAGGCGAT CTAATTTAC TGTGCTGGCCGACGAAAACTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCGGATGAACAG ACAGTGTTGCTGA SEQ ID NO: 887 GATCGTCAGGAATAATCTACGGGTTAGGCTCTCTGACGTCGTCTGGATC AAGGGAAG GCGTAATACGACT CAGCCCTGTCCCGACGTCAAATACGGGAAGAGGATCCACGTTTTGCCC SEQ ID NO: 886 CACTATAGGTCGG ATCGATGACACGGTCGAAGGGCTCGTCGGAAATCTCTTCGAGGTGTAC CGATACAGTGTTG ATTCGCCGGCTAA TTAAAACCATACTTCCTCGAAGCTTATCGACCAATCCACAAAGGCGAC CTGAAAGGGAAG TTTAC GTTTTCATCGTCCGTGGTGGCATGCGAGCCGTTGAATTCAAAGTGGTGG AAACGGAACCGTCACCATATTGTATCGTCGCCCCCGATACCGTCATCCA TTGTGACGGCGATCCGATCAAACGAGAAGAAGAGGAGGAAGCCTTGA ACGCCGTCGGCTACGACGATATCGGCGGTTGTCGCAAACAACTCGCAC AAATCAAAGAAATGGTCGAATTACCTCTACGCCACCCGTCGCTCTTCAA GGCCATTGGCGTGAAACCACCACGTGGTATCCTCTTGTACGGACCTCCA GGTACCGGTAAAACTTTAATCGCACGTGCAGTGGCCAACGAAACCGGT GCTTTCTTCTTCTTAATCAACGGTCCCGAAATTATGAGTAAATTAGCCG GCGAATCCGA

TABLE 8-MP Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ MP001 SEQ ID NO: 1042 SEQ ID NO: 1043 SEQ ID NO: 1041 GCGTAATACGACT CAATACCAACACG GTTTAAACGCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATCGGGGGGTGTCT CACTATAGGGTTT CCCTAAATTGC TCGCTCCACGTCCAAGCACCGGTCCACACAAACTTCGTGAATCACTACC AAACGCACCCAAA SEQ ID NO: 1045 GTTATTGATCTTCTTGCGTAATCGTTTGAAGTATGCACTTACTGGTGCC GCATGG GCGTAATACGACT GAAGTCACCAAGATTGTCATGCAAAGATTAATCAAGGTTGATGGCAAA SEQ ID NO: 1044 CACTATAGGCAAT GTCCGTACCGACCCTAATTATCCAGCCGGTTTTATGGATGTTATATCTA GTTTAAACGCACC ACCAACACGCCCT TCCAAAAGACCAGTGAGCACTTTAGATTGATCTATGATGTGAAAGGTC CAAAGCATGG AAATTGC GTTTCACCATCCACAGAATTACTCCTGAAGAAGCAAAATACAAGTTGT GTAAAGTAAAGAGGGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGGTGTGCCATTTTTAA CTACTCATGATGGCCGTACTATTCGCTACCCTGACCCTAACATCAAGGT TAATGACACTATTAGATACGATATTGCATCATCTAAAATTTTGGATCAT ATCCGTTTTGAAACTGGAAACTTGTGCATGATAACTGGAGGTCGCAATT TAGGGCGTGTTGGTATTG MP002 SEQ ID NO: 1047 SEQ ID NO: 1048 SEQ ID NO: 1046 GCGTAATACGACT GCTGATTTAAGTG GGTGGCAAAAAGGAAGAGAAGGGACCATCAACCGAAGATGCGATACA CACTATAGGGGTG CATCTGCTGC AAAGCTTCGATCCACTGAAGAGATGCTGATAAAGAAACAAGAATTTTT GCAAAAAGGAAG SEQ ID NO: 1050 AGAAAAAAAAATTGAACAAGAAGTAGCGATAGCCAAAAAAAATGGTA AGAAGG GCGTAATACGACT CAACTAATAAACGAGCTGCATTGCAAGCATTGAAGCGTAAGAAACGGT SEQ ID NO: 1049 CACTATAGGGCTG ACGAACAACAATTAGCCCAAATTGATGGTACCATGTTAACTATTGAAC GGTGGCAAAAAGG ATTTAAGTGCATC AACAGCGGGAGGCATTAGAAGGTGCCAACACAAATACAGCAGTATTG AAGAGAAGG TGCTGC ACTACCATGAAAACTGCAGCAGATGCACTTAAATCAGC MP010 SEQ ID NO: 1052 SEQ ID NO: 1053 SEQ ID NO: 1051 GCGTAATACGACT GCATTGGGAATCG CAGACCCTGTTCAGAATATGATGCATGTTAGTGCTGCATTTGATCAAGA CACTATAGGCAGA AGTTTTGAG AGCATCTGCCGTTTTAATGGCTCGTATGGTAGTGAACCGTGCTGAAACT CCCTGTTCAGAAT SEQ ID NO: 1055 GAGGATAGTCCAGATGTGATGCGTTGGGCTGATCGTACGCTTATACGCT ATG GCGTAATACGACT TGTGTCAAAAATTTGGTGATTATCAAAAAGATGATCCAAATAGTTTCCG SEQ ID NO: 1054 CACTATAGGGCAT ATTGCCAGAAAACTTCAGTTTATATCCACAGTTCATGTATCATTTAAGA CAGACCCTGTTCA TGGGAATCGAGTT AGGTCTCAATTTCTACAAGTTTTTAATAATAGTCCTGATGAAACATCAT GAATATG TTGAG ATTATAGGCACATGTTGATGCGTGAAGATGTTACCCAAAGTTTAATCAT GATACAGCCAATTCTGTATAGCTATAGTTTTAATGGTAGGCCAGAACCT GTACTTTTGGATACCAGTAGTATTCAACCTGATAAAATATTATTGATGG ACACATTTTTCCATATTTTGATATTCCATGGAGAGACTATTGCTCAATG GAGAGCAATGGATTATCAAAATAGACCAGAGTATAGTAACCTCAAGCA GTTGCTTCAAGCCCCCGTTGATGATGCTCAGGAAATTCTCAAAACTCGA TTCCCAATGC MP016 SEQ ID NO: 1057 SEQ ID NO: 1058 SEQ ID NO: 1056 GCGTAATACGACT CGTGGTGTAATGA GTTTTCAATGGCAGTGGAAAGCCGATAGATAAAGGACCTCCTATTTTG CACTATAGGGTTT TACGCTC GCTGAAGATTATTTGGATATTGAAGGCCAACCTATTAATCCATACTCCA TCAATGGCAGTGG SEQ ID NO: 1060 GAACATATCCTCAAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTATTTCAGCTATTGATAT AAAGC GCGTAATACGACT CATGAACTCTATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAATTCCAATATTTTCAGCTGCA SEQ ID NO: 1059 CACTATAGGCGTG GGTTTACCACATAATGAGATTGCTGCTCAAATTTGTAGACAAGCTGGTC GTTTTCAATGGCA GTGTAATGATACG TCGTTAAAAAACCTGGTAAATCAGTTCTTGACGATCATGAAGACAATTT GTGGAAAGC CTC TGCTATAGTATTTGCTGCTATGGGTGTTAATATGGAAACAGCCAGATTC TTTAAACAAGATTTTGAGGAAAATGGTTCAATGGAGAATGTTTGTTTGT TCTTGAATTTAGCTAATGATCCTACTATTGAGCGTATCATTACACCACG MP027 SEQ ID NO: 1062 SEQ ID NO: 1063 SEQ ID NO: 1061 GCGTAATACGACT CCAAAAATACCAT GCTCGTTTGTTTCCATCCAGAACTTCCCATCGTGTTAACTGGCTCAGAA CACTATAGGGCTC CTGCTCCACC GATGGTACCGTCAGAATTTGGCATTCTGGTACTTATCGATTAGAATCAT GTTTGTTTCCATCC SEQ ID NO: 1065 CATTAAACTATGGGTTAGAACGTGTATGGACAATCTGTTGCTTACGGGG AGAAC GCGTAATACGACT ATCTAATAATGTAGCTCTAGGTTATGATGAAGGAAGTATAATGGTTAA SEQ ID NO: 1064 CACTATAGGCCAA AGTTGGTCGTGAAGAGCCAGCAATGTCAATGGATGTTCATGGGGGTAA GCTCGTTTGTTTCC AAATACCATCTGC AATTGTTTGGGCACGTCATAGTGAAATTCAACAAGCTAACCTTAAAGC ATCCAGAAC TCCACC GATGCTTCAAGCAGAAGGAGCCGAAATCAAAGATGGTGAACGTTTACC AATACAAGTTAAAGACATGGGTAGCTGTGAAATTTATCCACAGTCAAT ATCTCATAATCCGAATGGTAGATTTTTAGTAGTATGTGGTGATGGAGAG TATATTATATATACATCAATGGCTTTGCGTAATAAAGCATTTGGCTCCG CTCAGGATTTTGTATGGTCTTCTGATTCTGAGTATGCCATTAGAGAAAA TTCTTCTACAATCAAAGTTTTTAAAAATTTTAAAGAAAAAAAGTCTTTT AAACCAGAAGGTGGAGCAGATGGTATTTTTGG

TABLE 8-NL Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ NL001 SEQ ID NO: 1573 SEQ ID NO: 1574 SEQ ID NO: 1572 GCGTAATACGACTC ACTGAGCTTCAC GAAATCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGTGGTGTGTATGCACCCCGACC ACTATAGGGAAATC ACCCTTGCCC CAGCACAGGTCCACACAAGCTGCGAGAATCTCTCCCACTTGTCATATTT ATGGATGTTGGACA SEQ ID NO: 1576 TTGCGTAATCGGCTCAAGTACGCTTTAACTAACTGTGAAGTGAAGAAA AATTGG GCGTAATACGAC ATTGTGATGCAGCGTCTCATCAAGGTTGACGGCAAAGTGAGGACTGAC SEQ ID NO: 1575 TCACTATAGGAC CCCAACTATCCTGCAGGTTTTATGGACGTTGTTCAAATCGAAAAGACAA GAAATCATGGATGT TGAGCTTCACAC ACGAGTTCTTCCGTTTGATCTATGATGTTAAGGGACGTTTCACCATCCA TGGACAAATTGG CCTTGCCC CAGGATCACAGCTGAAGAAGCTAAGTACAAGCTGTGCAAAGTGAAGA GGGTTCAGACAGGACCCAAGGGCATTCCATTTTTGACCACTCACGATG GACGCACCATCAGGTATCCAGACCCCTTAGTAAAAGTCAATGACACCA TCCAATTGGACATTGCCACATCCAAAATCATGGACTTCATCAGATTCGA CTCTGGTAACCTGTGTATGATCACTGGAGGTCGTAACTTGGGTCGTGTG GGCACTGTCGTGAACAGGGAGCGACACCCGGGGTCTTTCGACATCGTG CACATCAAGGACGTGTTGGGACACACTTTTGCCACTAGGTTGAACAAC GTTTTCATCATCGGCAAGGGTAGTAAAGCATACGTGTCTCTGCCCAAGG GCAAGGGTGTGAAGCTCAGT NL002 SEQ ID NO: 1578 SEQ ID NO: 1579 SEQ ID NO: 1577 GCGTAATACGACTC CTGATCCACATC GATGAAAAGGGCCCTACAACTGGCGAAGCCATTCAGAAACTACGCGAA ACTATAGGGATGAA CATGTGTTGATG ACAGAGGAAATGCTGATAAAGAAACAAGACTTTTTAGAAAAGAAAATT AAGGGCCCTACAAC AG GAAGTTGAAATTGGAGTTGCCAGGAAGAATGGAACAAAAAACAAAAG TGGC SEQ ID NO: 1581 AGCCGCGATCCAGGCACTCAAAAGGAAGAAGAGGTATGAAAAGCAAT SEQ ID NO: 1580 GCGTAATACGAC TGCAGCAGATCGATGGAACGTTATCAACAATTGAGATGCAGAGAGAGG GATGAAAAGGGCCC TCACTATAGGCT CCCTCGAAGGAGCCAACACGAATACGGCCGTACTGCAAACTATGAAGA TACAACTGGC GATCCACATCCA ACGCAGCAGATGCTCTCAAAGCGGCTCATCAACACATGGATGTGGATC TGTGTTGATGAG AG NL003 SEQ ID NO: 1583 SEQ ID NO: 1584 SEQ ID NO: 1582 GCGTAATACGACTC TTGACGCGACCA TCCGCGTCGTCCTTACGAGAAGGCACGTCTCGAACAGGAGTTGAAGAT ACTATAGGTCCGCG GGTCGGCCAC CATCGGAGAGTATGGACTCCGTAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGGAGAGTCAA TCGTCCTTACGAGA SEQ ID NO: 1586 ATACGCCCTGGCCAAGATTCGTAAGGCCGCTCGTGAGCTGTTGACTCTG AGGC GCGTAATACGAC GAAGAGAAGGACCAGAAACGTTTGTTTGAAGGTAACGCCCTGCTGCGT SEQ ID NO: 1585 TCACTATAGGTT CGCCTGGTGCGTATTGGAGTGTTGGACGAAGGAAGAATGAAGCTCGAT TCCGCGTCGTCCTTA GACGCGACCAGG TACGTCTTGGGTTTAAAAATTGAAGATTTCCTTGAACGTCGTCTACAGA CGAGAAGGC TCGGCCAC CTCAGGTGTACAAACTCGGTTTGGCCAAGTCCATCCATCACGCCCGTGT ACTCATCAGACAAAGACATATCAGAGTGCGCAAACAAGTAGTGAACAT TCCGAGCTTTGTGGTGCGCCTGGACTCGCAGAAGCACATTGACTTCTCG CTGAAGTCGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCGACCTGGTCGCGTCAA NL004 SEQ ID NO: 1588 SEQ ID NO: 1589 SEQ ID NO: 1587 GCGTAATACGACTC CTGTTGTTGACTG GGAGTTGGCTGCTGTAAGAACTGTCTGCTCTCACATCGAAAACATGCTG ACTATAGGGGAGTT TTGGATGAGG AAGGGAGTCACAAAGGGATTCCTGTACAAGATGCGTGCCGTGTACGCC GGCTGCTGTAAGAA SEQ ID NO: 1591 CATTTCCCCATCAACTGTGTGACGACCGAGAACAACTCTGTGATCGAG CTG GCGTAATACGAC GTGCGTAACTTCCTGGGCGAGAAGTACATCCGACGGGTGAGGATGGCG SEQ ID NO: 1590 TCACTATAGGCT CCCGGCGTCACTGTTACCAACTCGACAAAGCAGAAGGACGAGCTCATC GGAGTTGGCTGCTG GTTGTTGACTGTT GTCGAAGGAAACAGCATAGAGGACGTGTCAAGATCAGCTGCCCTCATC TAAGAACTG GGATGAGG CAACAGTCAACAACAG NL005 SEQ ID NO: 1593 SEQ ID NO: 1594 SEQ ID NO: 1592 GCGTAATACGACTC CCTTCGCTTCTTG CGCAAACACAAATTCACGTCAAAGCATCAGGAAGCTGATCAAAGACGG ACTATAGGCGCAAA GCCTCCTTGAC TCTTATCATCAAGAAACCGGTTGCAGTACATTCACGTGCTCGCGTTCGT CACAAATTCACGTC SEQ ID NO: 1596 AAAAACACTGAAGCCAGGAGGAAAGGCAGACATTGTGGCTTTGGTAA AAAGC GCGTAATACGAC GAGGAAAGGTACAGCCAACGCCCGTATGCCACAAAAGGTTCTATGGGT SEQ ID NO: 1595 TCACTATAGGCC GAATCGTATGCGTGTCTTGAGAAGACTGTTGAAAAAATACAGACAAGA CGCAAACACAAATT TTCGCTTCTTGGC TAAGAAAATCGACAGGCATCTGTACCATCACCTTTACATGAAGGCTAA CACGTCAAAGC CTCCTTGAC GGGTAACGTATTCAAGAACAAGCGTGTATTGATGGAGTTCATTCATAA GAAGAAGGCCGAGAAAGCAAGAATGAAGATGTTGAACGACCAGGCTG AAGCTCGCAGACAAAAGGTCAAGGAGGCCAAGAAGCGAAGG NL006 SEQ ID NO: 1598 SEQ ID NO: 1599 SEQ ID NO: 1597 GCGTAATACGACTC CGAGATGGGATA GTGCTTGTGTCAAGTGGTGTGGTGGAGTACATTGACACCCTGGAGGAG ACTATAGGGTGCTT GCGTGAGG GAGACGACCATGATAGCGATGTCGCCGGATGACCTGCGTCAGGACAAG GTGTCAAGTGGTGT SEQ ID NO: 1601 GAGTATGCCTACTGTACCACCTACACGCACTGCGAGATCCACCCGGCC GG GCGTAATACGAC ATGATACTCGGTGTGTGCGCCTCTATTATTCCCTTCCCCGATCACAACC SEQ ID NO: 1600 TCACTATAGGCG AAAGTCCCAGGAACACCTATCAGAGCGCTATGGGGAAACAGGCGATG GTGCTTGTGTCAAG AGATGGGATAGC GGCGTGTACATCACCAACTTCCACGTGCGAATGGACACGCTGGCTCAC TGGTGTGG GTGAGG GTGCTGTTCTACCCGCACAAGCCACTGGTCACCACTCGCTCCATGGAGT ACCTGCGCTTCAGGGAGCTTCCTGCCGGCATCAACTCTGTGGTCGCCAT CGCCTGCTACACTGGATACAACCAGGAGGACAGTGTCATTCTCAACGC CTCCGCTGTCGAGCGCGGATTCTTCAGATCGGTTTTCTTCCGATCTTAC AAAGATGCAGAATCGAAGCGTATTGGCGACCAAGAGGAGCAATTCGA GAAGCCCACCAGACAGACGTGTCAGGGAATGAGGAATGCCATTTATGA CAAATTGGACGATGATGGCATCATTGCTCCCGGTCTGAGAGTGTCTGGT GACGATGTGGTTATTGGCAAAACCATAACACTGCCCGATAATGATGAC GAGCTGGAAGGTACAACAAAGAGGTTCACGAAGAGAGATGCCAGTAC TTTCCTGCGTAACAGTGAGACGGGAATCGTCGACCAAGTCATGTTAAC CTTGAACTCTGAGGGTTACAAGTTCTGCAAAATTCGAGTCAGGTCTGTG CGTATCCCGCAGATTGGCGATAAGTTCGCTTCCCGACATGGCCAAAAA GGAACGTGTGGAATACAGTATCGTCAAGAGGACATGCCTTTTACAAGC GAGGGAATCGCACCGGATATTATTATCAATCCTCACGCTATCCCATCTCG NL007 SEQ ID NO: 1603 SEQ ID NO: 1604 SEQ ID NO: 1602 GCGTAATACGACTC CCACGGTGAATA TGAGAGCAATCCTTGACTGTGGTTTTGAACATCCATCTGAAGTACAACA ACTATAGGTGAGAG GCCACTGC TGAATGCATTCCTCAAGCTGTACTTGGAATGGACATATTGTGTCAAGCG CAATCCTTGACTGT SEQ ID NO: 1606 AAATCCGGTATGGGAAAAACTGCTGTATTTGTGTTGGCGACATTACAG GG GCGTAATACGAC CAAATTGAACCAACTGACAACCAAGTCAGTGTATTGGTCATGTGTCAT SEQ ID NO: 1605 TCACTATAGGCC ACCAGAGAGCTTGCATTCCAAATCAGCAAAGAGTATGAACGATTTTCG TGAGAGCAATCCTT ACGGTGAATAGC AAATGTATGCCAAATATCAAGGTTGGAGTTTTCTTCGGCGGACTGCCGA GACTGTGG CACTGC TTCAGAGGGATGAGGAGACGTTGAAATTGAACTGTCCTCACATCGTGG TTGGAACACCCGGACGAATTTTGGCGTTGGTACGCAACAAGAAGCTGG ACCTCAAGCATCTCAAGCACTTTGTCCTTGACGAATGTGACAAAATGTT GGAACTGTTAGATATGCGAAGAGATGTGCAGGAAATATTCCGAAACAC GCCGCACAGCAAACAAGTCATGATGTTCAGTGCAACTCTCAGCAAAGA AATTCGTCCAGTCTGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAGATCCGATGGAAGTGTA CGTTGATGACGAGGCCAAGCTGACGCTTCACGGCCTGCAGCAGCACTA TGTCAAACTCAAAGAAAACGAAAAGAACAAAAAGTTATTTGAATTACT TGACATACTTGAATTCAACCAGGTTGTTATATTTGTGAAGTCAGTGCAG CGCTGCATGGCCCTATCGCAACTCCTAACAGAGCAGAACTTCCCTGCA GTGGCTATTCACCGTGG NL008 SEQ ID NO: 1608 SEQ ID NO: 1609 SEQ ID NO: 1607 GCGTAATACGACTC GAGCGAGTCTAC GATGCTGGAGACCTGGAGGTGTATTAGATGTTTCAAACAGTTTTGCAGT ACTATAGGGATGCT AAAATTGCCG TCCATTTGATGAGGACGACAAAGAAAAGAATGTTTGGTTCTTAGACCA GGAGACCTGGAGGTG SEQ ID NO: 1611 TGATTACTTGGAAAACATGTTCGGGATGTTCAAGAAAGTTAATGCTAG SEQ ID NO: 1610 GCGTAATACGAC AGAAAAGGTTGTGGGTTGGTACCATACTGGACCCAAACTCCACCAAAA GATGCTGGAGACCT TCACTATAGGGA CGATGTTGCAATCAATGAGTTGATTCGTCGTTACTGTCCAAACTGTGTC GGAGGTG GCGAGTCTACAA TTAGTCATAATCGATGCCAAGCCTAAAGATTTGGGTCTACCTACAGAG AATTGCCG GCATACAGAGTCGTTGAAGAAATCCATGATGATGGATCGCCAACATCA AAAACATTTGAACATGTGATGAGTGAGATTGGGGCAGAAGAGGCTGAG GAGATTGGCGTTGAACATCTGTTGAGAGACATCAAAGATACAACAGTC GGGTCACTGTCACAGCGCGTCACAAATCAGCTGATGGGCTTGAAGGGC TTGCATCTGCAATTACAGGATATGCGAGACTATTTGAATCAGGTTGTCG AAGGAAAGTTGCCAATGAACCATCAAATCGTTTACCAACTGCAAGACA TCTTCAACCTTCTACCCGATATCGGCCACGGCAATTTTGTAGACTCGCTC NL009 SEQ ID NO: 1613 SEQ ID NO: 1614 SEQ ID NO: 1612 GCGTAATACGACTC GTGTAAGGGTAG GCGACTATGATCGACCGCCGGGACGCGGTCAGGTGTGCGACGTCGACG ACTATAGGGCGACT AAGTAGCCCGG TCAAGAACTGGTTTCCCTGCACCTCTGAGAACAATTTCAACTACCATCA ATGATCGACCGCC SEQ ID NO: 1616 ATCGAGCCCTTGTGTTTTTCTCAAACTGAACAAGATAATTGGTTGGCAA SEQ ID NO: 1615 GCGTAATACGAC CCGGAGTACTACAATGAGACTGAAGGCTTTCCAGATAATATGCCAGGT GCGACTATGATCGA TCACTATAGGGT GACCTCAAGCGACACATTGCCCAACAGAAGAGTATCAACAAGCTGTTT CCGCC GTAAGGGTAGAA ATGCAAACAATCTGGATAACTTGCGAAGGAGAGGGTCCTCTAGACAAG GTAGCCCGG GAGAATGCAGGGGAGATCCAGTACATCCCTAGACAGGGATTTCCGGGC TACTTCTACCCTTACAC NL010 SEQ ID NO: 1618 SEQ ID NO: 1619 SEQ ID NO: 1617 GCGTAATACGACTC GCAACTCCAGTA GCTTGTTGTTCCCGTTGGATGTCTGTATCAACCTTTGAAGGAGAGACCT ACTATAGGGCTTGT GATCGGAGAGGTC GATCTACCGCCTGTACAGTACGATCCAGTTCTTTGTACTAGGAATACTT TGTTCCCGTTGGAT SEQ ID NO: 1621 GTCGTGCAATTCTGAATCCATTGTGCCAAGTCGACTATCGAGCCAAGCT GTC GCGTAATACGAC ATGGGTCTGCAACTTTTGTTTCCAGAGGAATCCTTTCCCCCCTCAATAT SEQ ID NO: 1620 TCACTATAGGGC GCAGCTATTTCGGAGCAGCATCAACCAGCAGAACTGATACCTTCATTTT GCTTGTTGTTCCCGT AACTCCAGTAGA CCACCATCGAATACATCATTACCAGAGCGCAAACGATGCCGCCGATGT TGGATGTC TCGGAGAGGTC TCGTGCTGGTGGTGGACACATGTCTGGACGACGAGGAGCTGGGAGCTT TGAAGGACTCACTGCAGATGTCGCTGTCGCTGCTGCCGCCCAATGCACT CATCGGTCTCATCACGTTCGGCAAAATGGTGCAGGTGCACGAGCTTGG CTGCGACGGCTGCTCGAAGAGCTACGTGTTCCGTGGCGTGAAGGACCT GACTGCCAAGCAGATCCAGGACATGTTGGGCATTGGCAAGATGGCCGC CGCTCCACAGCCCATGCAACAGCGCATTCCCGGCGCCGCTCCCTCCGCA CCTGTCAACAGATTTCTTCAGCCTGTCGGAAAGTGCGATATGAGTTTAA CTGATCTGCTTGGGGAATTGCAAAGAGATCCATGGAATGTGGCTCAGG GCAAGAGACCTCTCCGATCTACTGGAGTTGC NL011 SEQ ID NO: 1623 SEQ ID NO: 1624 SEQ ID NO: 1622 CCCACTTTCAAGTG GTCCATTGTGAC GTTGCCACCCTTGGAGTTGAAGTTCACCCCCTTGTATTTCACACAAACA YGTRYTRGTCGG CTCGGGAGG GAGGTGTGATTAGGTTCAATGTGTGGGACACAGCTGGCCAGGAAAAGT SEQ ID NO: 1625 SEQ ID NO: 1626 TCGGTGGACTTCGTGATGGATATTACATTCAGGGACAATGCGCCATCAT GTTGCCACCCTTGG GCGTAATACGAC TATGTTTGACGTAACGTCAAGAGTCACCTACAAGAACGTTCCCAACTG AGTTGAAG TCACTATAGGGT GCACAGAGATTTAGTGAGGGTTTGCGAAAACATTCCCATTGTACTATGC CCATTGTGACCTC GGCAACAAAGTAGACATCAAGGACAGGAAAGTCAAGGCCAAGAGCAT GGGAGG AGTCTTCCATAGGAAGAAGAACCTTCAGTACTACGACATCAGTGCGAA AAGCAACTACAACTTCGAGAAGCCGTTCCTGTGGTTGGCAAAGAAGCT GATCGGTGACCCCAACCTGGAGTTCGTCGCCATGCCCGCCCTCCTCCCA CCCGAGGTCACAATGGAC NL012 SEQ ID NO: 1628 SEQ ID NO: 1629 SEQ ID NO: 1627 GCGTAATACGACTC GAATTTCCTCTTG GCAGCAGACGCAGGCACAGGTAGACGAGGTTGTCGATATAATGAAAA ACTATAGGGCAGCA AGTTTGCCAGCTTG CAAACGTTGAGAAAGTATTGGAGAGGGATCAAAAACTATCAGAATTGG GACGCAGGCACAGG SEQ ID NO: 1631 ATGATCGAGCAGATGCTCTACAGCAAGGCGCTTCACAGTTTGAACAGC TAG GCGTAATACGAC AAGCTGGCAAACTCAAGAGGAAATTC SEQ ID NO: 1630 TCACTATAGGGA GCAGCAGACGCAGG ATTTCCTCTTGAG CACAGGTAG TTTGCCAGCTTG NL013 SEQ ID NO: 1633 SEQ ID NO: 1634 SEQ ID NO: 1632 GCGTAATACGACTC GGCAACGGCTCT CGCAGAGCAAGTCTACATCTCTTCACTGGCCTTATTGAAAATGCTTAAG ACTATAGGCGCAGA CTTGGATAG CACGGTCGCGCCGGTGTTCCCATGGAAGTTATGGGCCTAATGCTGGGC GCAAGTCTACATCT SEQ ID NO: 1636 GAATTTGTAGACGACTACACTGTGCGTGTCATTGATGTATTCGCTATGC CTTC GCGTAATACGAC CACAGAGTGGAACGGGAGTGAGTGTGGAGGCTGTAGACCCGGTGTTCC SEQ ID NO: 1635 TCACTATAGGGG AAGCGAAGATGTTGGACATGCTAAAGCAGACAGGACGGCCCGAGATG CGCAGAGCAAGTCT CAACGGCTCTCTT GTGGTGGGCTGGTACCACTCGCACCCGGGCTTCGGCTGCTGGCTGTCGG ACATCTCTTC GGATAG GTGTCGACATCAACACGCAGGAGAGCTTCGAGCAACTATCCAAGAGAG CCGTTGCC NL014 SEQ ID NO: 1638 SEQ ID NO: 1639 SEQ ID NO: 1637 GCGTAATACGACTC GAGCGCGACTCT CATTGAGCAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCCGAAGAGATCGATGCCAAGG ACTATAGGCATTGA AATCTCGG CCGAGGAAGAATTCAACATTGAAAAGGGAAGGCTCGTACAGCACCAG GCAAGAAGCCAATG SEQ ID NO: 1641 CGCCTTAAAATCATGGAGTACTATGACAGGAAAGAGAAGCAGGTTGAG AG GCGTAATACGAC CTCCAGAAAAAAATCCAATCGTCAAACATGCTGAACCAAGCGCGTCTG SEQ ID NO: 1640 TCACTATAGGGA AAGGCACTGAAGGTGCGCGAAGATCACGTGAGAAGTGTGCTCGAAGA CATTGAGCAAGAAG GCGCGACTCTAA ATCCAGAAAACGTCTTGGAGAAGTAACCAGAAACCCAGCCAAGTACAA CCAATGAG TCTCGG GGAAGTCCTCCAGTATCTAATTGTCCAAGGACTCCTGCAGCTGCTAGAA TCAAACGTAGTACTGCGCGTGCGCGAGGCTGACGTGAGTCTGATCGAG GGCATTGTTGGCTCATGCGCAGAGCAGTACGCGAAGATGACCGGCAAA GAGGTGGTGGTGAAGCTGGACGCTGACAACTTCCTGGCCGCCGAGACG TGTGGAGGCGTCGAGTTGTTCGCCCGCAACGGCCGCATCAAGATCCCC AACACCCTCGAGTCCAGGCTCGACCTCATCTCCCAGCAACTTGTGCCCG AGATTAGAGTCGCGCTC NL015 SEQ ID NO: 1643 SEQ ID NO: 1644 SEQ ID NO: 1642 GCGTAATACGACTC GGCCAAAGCGCC CTGCGAGTGCGCTTGTCCGACATTGTCTCGATCCAGCCTTGCCCAGACG ACTATAGGCTGCGA TAAGCGC TCAAGTATGGAAAGCGTATCCATGTGCTGCCCATTGATGATACCGTTGA GTGCGCTTGTCCG SEQ ID NO: 1646 GGGTCTTACAGGAAATCTGTTCGAAGTGTATTTGAAGCCATACTTCCTG SEQ ID NO: 1645 GCGTAATACGAC GAAGCATACAGGCCAATTCACAAGGATGATGCATTCATTGTTCGCGGA CTGCGAGTGCGCTT TCACTATAGGGG GGTATGAGAGCGGTCGAATTCAAGGTGGTTGAAACAGATCCATCGCCC GTCCG CCAAAGCGCCTA TACTGCATTGTCGCGCCAGACACCGTCATCCATTGTGAGGGAGACCCC AGCGC ATCAAACGTGAGGATGAAGAAGACGCAGCAAACGCAGTCGGCTACGA CGACATTGGAGGCTGCAGAAAGCAGCTGGCGCAGATCAAAGAGATGG TGGAGTTGCCGCTGAGACATCCCAGTCTGTTCAAGGCGATCGGCGTGA AGCCGCCACGAGGCATCCTGCTGTACGGACCACCGGGAACCGGAAAGA CGTTGATAGCGCGCGCCGTCGCCAACGAAACGGGCGCCTTCTTCTTCCT CATCAACGGACCCGAGATTATGAGCAAATTGGCCGGCGAGTCGGAGAG TAACCTGCGCAAAGCTTTCGAGGAAGCGGACAAAAACGCACCGGCCAT CATCTTCATCGATGAGCTGGACGCAATCGCGCCAAAACGCGAGAAGAC GCACGGCGAGGTGGAGCGACGCATCGTGTCGCAGCTGCTGACGCTGAT GGACGGTCTCAAGCAGAGCTCGCACGTGATTGTCATGGCCGCCACCAA TCGGCCCAACTCGATCGATGCCGCGCTTAGGCGCTTTGGCC NL016 SEQ ID NO: 1648 SEQ ID NO: 1649 SEQ ID NO: 1647 GCGTAATACGACTC GATGGAGCCGTT GACGCCAGTATCAGAAGACATGCTTGGTCGTGTATTCAACGGAAGTGG ACTATAGGGACGCC GCGACC TAAGCCCATCGACAAAGGACCTCCCATTCTTGCTGAGGATTATCTCGAC AGTATCAGAAGACA SEQ ID NO: 1651 ATTCAAGGTCAACCCATCAATCCTTGGTCGCGTATCTATCCCGAGGAAA TGC GCGTAATACGAC TGATCCAGACTGGAATTTCAGCCATCGACGTCATGAACTCGATTGCTCG SEQ ID NO: 1650 TCACTATAGGGA TGGCCAGAAAATCCCCATCTTTTCAGCTGCCGGTCTACCTCACAACGAA GACGCCAGTATCAG TGGAGCCGTTGC ATTGCTGCTCAAATCTGTAGACAGGCTGGTCTTGTCAAACTGCCAGGAA AAGACATGC GACC AGTCAGTTCTCGATGACTCTGAGGACAACTTTGCTATTGTATTCGCAGC CATGGGAGTCAACATGGAAACTGCTCGATTCTTCAAACAGGATTTCGA GGAGAACGGCTCTATGGAGAACGTGTGCCTGTTCTTGAACCTGGCGAA CGACCCGACGATCGAGCGTATCATCACACCACGCCTGGCGCTGACGGC CGCCGAGTTCCTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCTCGTCATCCTC ACCGACATGAGCTCCTACGCCGAGGCGCTGCGAGAGGTGTCCGCCGCC CGCGAGGAGGTGCCCGGCCGTCGTGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTAGACC GATCTGGCCACCATCTACGAGCGCGCCGGACGAGTCGAGGGTCGCAAC GGCTCCATC NL018 SEQ ID NO: 1653 SEQ ID NO: 1654 SEQ ID NO: 1652 GCGTAATACGACTC GCAATACAGCCG GCAAATGCCTGTGCCACGCCCACAAATAGAAAGCACACAACAGTTTAT ACTATAGGGCAAAT ACCACTCCG TCGATCCGAGAAAACAACATACTCGAATGGATTCACCACCATTGAGGA GCCTGTGCCACGC SEQ ID NO: 1656 GGACTTCAAAGTAGACACTTTCGAATACCGTCTTCTGCGCGAGGTGTCG SEQ ID NO: 1655 GCGTAATACGAC TTCCGCGAATCTCTGATCAGAAACTACTTGCACGAGGCGGACATGCAG GCAAATGCCTGTGC TCACTATAGGGC ATGTCGACGGTGGTGGACCGAGCATTGGGTCCCCCCTCGGCGCCACAC CACGC AATACAGCCGAC ATCCAGCAGAAGCCGCGCAACTCAAAAATCCAGGAGGGCGGCGATGC CACTCCG CGTCTTTTCCATCAAGCTCAGCGCCAACCCCAAGCCTCGGCTGGTCTGG TTCAAGAACGGTCAGCGCATCGGTCAGACGCAGAAACACCAGGCCTCC TACTCCAATCAGACCGCCACGCTCAAGGTCAACAAAGTCAGCGCTCAA GACTCCGGCCACTACACGCTGCTTGCTGAAAATCCGCAAGGATGTACT GTGTCCTCAGCTTACCTAGCTGTCGAATCAGCTGGCACTCAAGATACAG GATACAGTGAGCAATACAGCAGACAAGAGGTGGAGACGACAGAGGCG GTGGACAGCAGCAAGATGCTGGCACCGAACTTTGTTCGCGTGCCGGCC GATCGCGACGCGAGCGAAGGCAAGATGACGCGGTTTGACTGCCGCGTG ACGGGCCGACCCTACCCGGACGTGGCCTGGTTCATCAACGGCCAACAG GTGGCTGACGACGCCACGCACAAGATCCTCGTCAACGAGTCTGGCAAC CACTCGCTCATGATCACCGGCGTCACTCGCTTGGACCACGGAGTGGTCG GCTGTATTGC NL019 SEQ ID NO: 1658 SEQ ID NO: 1659 SEQ ID NO: 1657 GCGTAATACGACTC GAACGCCTGCTC GCTTCAGATTTGGGACACGGCCGGCCAGGAGCGGTTCCGCACGATCAC ACTATAGGGCTTCA CACATTGG ATCGAGCTACTACCGGGGCGCCCACGGCATCATTGTGGTGTACGACTG GATTTGGGACACGGC SEQ ID NO: 1661 CACCGACCAGGAGTCGTTCAACAACCTCAAACAGTGGCTCGAGGAGAT SEQ ID NO: 1660 GCGTAATACGAC TGACCGCTACGCCTGTGATAATGTCAACAAACTGCTCGTCGGCAACAA GCTTCAGATTTGGG TCACTATAGGGA GTGTGATCAGACCAACAAAAAGGTCGTCGACTATACACAGGCTAAGGA ACACGGC ACGCCTGCTCCA ATACGCCGACCAGCTGGGCATTCCGTTCCTGGAGACGTCGGCGAAGAA CATTGG CGCGACCAATGTGGAGCAGGCGTTC NL021 SEQ ID NO: 1663 SEQ ID NO: 1664 SEQ ID NO: 1662 GCGTAATACGACTC CTTCTAGTTCATC CGTCAGTCTCAATTCTGTCACCGATATCAGCACCACGTTCATTCTCAAG ACTATAGGCGTCAG CAGGTCGCG CCACAAGAGAACGTGAAGATAACGCTTGAGGGCGCACAGGCCTGTTTC TCTCAATTCTGTCAC SEQ ID NO: 1666 ATTTCACACGAACGACTTGTGATCTCACTGAAGGGAGGAGAACTCTAT CG GCGTAATACGAC GTTCTAACTCTCTATTCCGATAGTATGCGCAGTGTGAGGAGTTTCATC SEQ ID NO: 1665 TCACTATAGGCTT TGGAGAAAGCTGCTGCCAGTGTCTTGACTACTTGTATCTGTGTTTGTGA CGTCAGTCTCAATT CTAGTTCATCCA GGAGAACTATCTGTTCCTTGGTTCCCGTCTTGGAAACTCACTGTTGCTC CTGTCACCG GGTCGCG AGGTTTACTGAGAAGGAATTGAACCTGATTGAGCCGAGGGCCATCGAA AGCTCACAGTCCCAGAATCCGGCCAAGAAGAAAAAGCTGGATACTTTG GGAGATTGGATGGCATCTGACGTCACTGAAATACGCGACCTGGATGAA CTAGAAG NL022 SEQ ID NO: 1668 SEQ ID NO: 1669 SEQ ID NO: 1667 GCGTAATACGACTC CAGACGGAAGCA CTCACGAGAGGACGTTGCACACTGATATACTGTTCGGTTTGGTGAAAG ACTATAGGCTCACG CTTGCCG ATGTCGCCCGATTCAGACCTGACTTGAAGCTGCTCATATCAAGCGCCAC AGAGGACGTTGCAC SEQ ID NO: 1671 ACTGGATGCTCAGAAATTCTCCGAGTTTTTCGACGATGCACCCATCTTC AC GCGTAATACGAC AGGATTCCGGGCCGTAGATTTCCGGTGGACATCTACTACACAAAGGCG SEQ ID NO: 1670 TCACTATAGGCA CCCGAGGCTGACTACGTGGACGCATGTGTCGTTTCGATCCTGCAGATCC CTCACGAGAGGACG GACGGAAGCACT ACGCCACTCAGCCGCTGGGAGACATCCTGGTCTTCCTCACCGGTCAGG TTGCACAC TGCCG AGGAGATCGAAACCTGCCAGGAGCTGCTGCAGGACAGAGTGCGCAGG CTTGGGTCTCGTATCAAGGAGCTGCTCATATTGCCCGTCTATTCCAACC TACCCAGTGATATGCAGGCAAAGATTTTCCTGCCCACTCCACCAAATGC TAGAAAGGTAGTATTGGCCACAAATATTGCAGAAACCTCATTGACCAT CGACAATATAATCTACGTGATTGATCCTGGTTTTTGTAAGCAGAATAAC TTCAATTCAAGGACTGGAATGGAATCGCTTGTTGTAGTGCCTGTTTCAA AGGCATCGGCCAATCAGCGAGCAGGGCGGGCGGGACGGGTGGCGGCC GGCAAGTGCTTCCGTCTG NL023 SEQ ID NO: 1673 SEQ ID NO: 1674 SEQ ID NO: 1672 GCGTAATACGACTC GCAATGTTGTCCT GTCCTCGGACGGGAGGTCCACGTGTTTACCGGGATTCCGTTTGCGAAAC ACTATAGGGTCCTC TGAGCCAGC CTCCCATCGGTCCGTTGCGATTCCGTAAACCGGTTCCCGTCGACCCGTG GGACGGGAGGTCC SEQ ID NO: 1676 GCACGGCGTTCTGGATGCGACCGCGCTTCCCAACAGCTGCTACCAGGA SEQ ID NO: 1675 GCGTAATACGAC ACGGTACGAGTATTTCCCGGGCTTCGAGGGAGAGGAAATGTGGAATCC GTCCTCGGACGGGA TCACTATAGGGC GAATACGAATTTGTCCGAAGATTGTCTGTATTTGAACATATGGGTGCCG GGTCC AATGTTGTCCTTG CACCGGTTGAGAATCCGACACAGAGCCAACAGCGAGGAGAATAAACC AGCCAGC AAGAGCGAAGGTGCCGGTGCTGATCTGGATCTACGGCGGGGGTTACAT GAGCGGCACAGCTACACTGGACGTGTACGATGCTGACATGGTGGCCGC CACGAGTGACGTCATCGTCGCCTCCATGCAGTACCGAGTGGGTGCGTTC GGCTTCCTCTACCTCGCACAGGACTTGCCTCGAGGCAGCGAGGAGGCG CCGGGCAACATGGGGCTCTGGGACCAGGCCCTTGCCATCCGCTGGCTC AAGGACAACATTGC NL027 SEQ ID NO: 1678 SEQ ID NO: 1679 SEQ ID NO: 1677 GCGTAATACGACTC CAATCCAGTTTTT AGAAGACGGCACGGTGCGTATTTGGCACTCGGGCACCTACAGGCTGGA ACTATAGGAGAAGA ACAGTTTCGTGC GTCCTCGCTGAATTATGGCCTCGAAAGAGTGTGGACCATTTGCTGCATG CGGCACGGTGCG SEQ ID NO: 1681 CGAGGATCCAACAATGTGGCTCTTGGCTACGACGAAGGCAGCATAATG SEQ ID NO: 1680 GCGTAATACGAC GTGAAGGTGGGTCGGGAGGAGCCGGCCATCTCGATGGATGTGAACGGT AGAAGACGGCACGG TCACTATAGGCA GAGAAGATTGTGTGGGCGCGCCACTCGGAGATACAACAGGTCAACCTC TGCG ATCCAGTTTTTAC AAGGCCATGCCGGAGGGCGTCGAAATCAAAGATGGCGAACGACTGCC AGTTTCGTGC GGTCGCCGTTAAGGATATGGGCAGCTGTGAAATATATCCGCAGACCAT CGCTCATAATCCCAACGGCAGATTCCTAGTCGTTTGTGGAGATGGAGA GTACATAATTCACACATCAATGGTGCTAAGAAATAAGGCGTTTGGCTC GGCCCAAGAGTTCATTTGGGGACAGGACTCGTCCGAGTATGCTATCAG AGAAGGAACATCCACTGTCAAAGTATTCAAAAACTTCAAAGAAAAGAA ATCATTCAAGCCAGAATTTGGTGCTGAGAGCATATTCGGCGGCTACCTG CTGGGAGTTTGTTCGTTGTCTGGACTGGCGCTGTACGACTGGGAGACCC TGGAGCTGGTGCGTCGCATCGAGATCCAACCGAAACACGTGTACTGGT CGGAGAGTGGGGAGCTGGTGGCGCTGGCCACTGATGACTCCTACTTTG TGCTCCGCTACGACGCACAGGCCGTGCTCGCTGCACGCGACGCCGGTG ACGACGCTGTCACGCCGGACGGCGTCGAGGATGCATTCGAGGTCCTTG GTGAAGTGCACGAAACTGTAAAAACTGGATTG

TABLE 8-CS Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ CS001 SEQ ID NO: 2041 SEQ ID NO: 2042 SEQ ID NO: 2040 TAAAGCATGGATG GCGTAATACGACT TAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTGGGTGGCGTGTACGCGCCGCGGCC TTGGACAAACTGGG CACTATAGGGGTG GTCGACCGGCCCCCACAAGTTGCGCGAGTGCCTGCCGCTGGTGATCTTC SEQ ID NO: 2043 AGTCGCACGCCCT CTCAGGAACCGGCTCAAGTACGCGCTCACCGGAAATGAAGTGCTTAAG GCGTAATACGACT TGCC ATTGTAAAGCAGCGACTTATCAAAGTTGACGGCAAAGTCAGGACAGAC CACTATAGGTAAA SEQ ID NO: 2044 CCCACATATCCCGCTGGATTTATGGATGTTGTTTCCATTGAAAAGACAA GCATGGATGTTGG GGTGAGTCGCACG ATGAGCTGTTCCGTCTTATATATGATGTCAAAGGCAGATTTACTATTCA ACAAACTGGG CCCTTGCC CCGTATTACTCCTGAGGAGGCTAAATACAAGCTGTGCAAGGTGCGGCG CGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCCTTACCTGGTGACCCACGACGG ACGCACCGTGCGATACCCCGACCCACTCATCAAGGTCAACGACTCCAT CCAGCTCGACATCGCCACCTCCAAGATCATGGACTTCATCAAGTTTGAA TCTGGTAACCTATGTATGATCACGGGAGGCCGTAACTTGGGGCGCGTG GGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGCGACATCCCGGGTCCTTCGACATCGTGC ATATACGGGACTCCACCGGACATACCTTCGCTACCAGATTGAACAACG TGTTCATAATCGGCAAGGGCACGAAGGCGTACATCTCGCTGCCGCGCG GCAAGGGCGTGCGACTCACC CS002 SEQ ID NO: 2046 SEQ ID NO: 2047 SEQ ID NO: 2045 CAAGAAGGAGGA GCGTAATACGACT CAAGAAGGAGGAGAAGGGTCCATCAACACACGAAGCTATACAGAAAT GAAGGGTCCATCA CACTATAGGCTTG TACGCGAAACGGAAGAGTTATTGCAGAAGAAACAAGAGTTTCTAGAGC AC TCTACATCGATAT GAAAGATCGACACTGAATTACAAACGGCGAGAAAACATGGCACAAAG SEQ ID NO: 2048 CCTTGTGGGC AATAAGAGAGCTGCCATTGCGGCACTGAAGCGCAAGAAGCGTTATGAA GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 2049 AAGCAGCTTACCCAGATTGATGGCACGCTTACCCAAATTGAGGCCCAA CACTATAGGCAAG CTTGTCTACATCG AGGGAAGCGCTAGAAGGAGCTAACACCAATACACAGGTGCTTAACACT AAGGAGGAGAAG ATATCCTTGTGGGC ATGCGAGATGCTGCTACCGCTATGAGACTCGCCCACAAGGATATCGAT GGTCCATCAAC GTAGACAAG CS003 SEQ ID NO: 2051 SEQ ID NO: 2052 SEQ ID NO: 2050 TGGTCTCCGCAAC GCGTAATACGACT TGGTCTCCGCAACAAGCGTGAGGTGTGGAGGGTGAAGTACACGCTGGC AAGCGTGAGG CACTATAGGCGAA CAGGATCCGTAAGGCTGCCCGTGAGCTGCTCACACTCGAGGAGAAAGA SEQ ID NO: 2053 CGGAGACTTCAGC CCCTAAGAGGTTATTCGAAGGTAATGCTCTCCTTCGTCGTCTGGTGAGG GCGTAATACGACT GAGAAGTCA ATCGGTGTGTTGGATGAGAAGCAGATGAAGCTCGATTATGTACTCGGT CACTATAGGTGGT SEQ ID NO: 2054 CTGAAGATTGAGGACTTCTTGGAACGTCGTCTCCAGACTCAGGTGTTCA CTCCGCAACAAGC CGAACGGAGACTT AGGCTGGTCTAGCTAAGTCTATCCATCATGCCCGTATTCTTATCAGACA GTGAGG CAGCGAGAAGTCA GAGGCACATCCGTGTCCGCAAGCAAGTTGTGAACATCCCTTCGTTCATC GTGCGGCTGGACTCTGGCAAGCACATTGACTTCTCGCTGAAGTCTCCGT TCG CS006 SEQ ID NO: 2056 SEQ ID NO: 2057 SEQ ID NO: 2055 GGATGATGATGGT GCGTAATACGACT GGATGATGATGGTATAATTGCACCAGGGATTCGTGTATCTGGTGACGA ATAATTGCACCAG CACTATAGGCGTT TGTAGTCATTGGAAAAACTATAACTTTGCCAGAAAACGATGATGAGCT GG AAATGGTGTAGCA GGAAGGAACATCAAGACGATACAGTAAGAGAGATGCCTCTACATTCTT SEQ ID NO: 2058 TCACCTATTTCACC GCGAAACAGTGAAACTGGTATTGTTGACCAAGTTATGCTTACACTTAAC GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 2059 AGCGAAGGATACAAATTTTGTAAAATACGTGTGAGATCTGTGAGAATC CACTATAGGGGAT CGTTAAATGGTGT CCACAAATTGGAGACAAATTTGCTTCTCGTCATGGTCAAAAAGGGACT GATGATGGTATAA AGCATCACCTATT TGTGGTATTCAATATAGGCAAGAAGATATGCCTTTCACTTGTGAAGGAT TTGCACCAGGG TCACC TGACACCAGATATTATCATCAATCCACATGCTATCCCCTCTCGTATGAC AATTGGTCACTTGATTGAATGTATTCAAGGTAAGGTCTCCTCAAATAAA GGTGAAATAGGTGATGCTACACCATTTAACG CS007 SEQ ID NO: 2061 SEQ ID NO: 2062 SEQ ID NO: 2060 CTTGTTGAAACCA GCGTAATACGACT CTTGTTGAAACCAGAGATTTTGAGGGCTATCGTCGATTGCGGTTTCGAG GAGATTTTGAGGGC CACTATAGGCGGC CACCCTTCAGAAGTTCAACATGAATGTATTCCCCAAGCTGTTTTGGGAA SEQ ID NO: 2063 ATGTCATAATTGA TGGATATTCTTTGTCAAAGCTAAATCCGGAATGGGAAAAACCGCCGTA GCGTAATACGACT AGACTATGTTGAC TTTGTTTTAGCAACACTGCAACAGCTAGAACCTTCAGAAAACCATGTTT CACTATAGGCTTG TC ACGTATTAGTAATGTGCCATACAAGGGAACTCGCTTTCCAAATAAGCA TTGAAACCAGAGA SEQ ID NO: 2064 AGGAATATGAGAGGTTCTCTAAATATATGGCTGGTGTTAGAGTATCTGT TTTTGAGGGC CGGCATGTCATAA ATTCTTTGGTGGGATGCCAATTCAGAAAGATGAAGAAGTATTGAAGAC TTGAAGACTATGT AGCCTGCCCGCACATCGTTGTTGGTACTCCTGGCAGAATATTAGCATTG TGACTC GTTAACAACAAGAAACTGAATTTAAAACACCTGAAACACTTCATCCTG GATGAATGTGACAAAATGCTTGAATCTCTAGACATGAGACGTGATGTG CAGGAAATATTCAGGAACACCCCTCACGGTAAGCAGGTCATGATGTTT TCTGCAACATTGAGTAAGGAGATCAGACCAGTCTGTAAGAAATTTATG CAAGATCCTATGGAAGTTTATGTGGATGATGAAGCTAAACTTACATTGC ACGGTTTGCAGCAACATTATGTTAAACTCAAGGAAAATGAAAAGAATA AGAAGTTATTTGAACTTTTGGATGTACTGGAGTTCAACCAAGTTGTCAT ATTTGTAAAGTCAGTGCAGCGCTGCATAGCTCTCGCACAGCTGCTGACA GACCAAAACTTCCCAGCTATTGGTATACACCGAAATATGACTCAAGAT GAGCGTCTCTCCCGCTATCAGCAGTTCAAAGATTTCCAGAAGAGGATC CTTGTTGCGACAAATCTTTTTGGACGGGGTATGGACATTGAAAGAGTCA ACATAGT CTTCAATTAT GACATGCCG CS009 SEQ ID NO: 2066 SEQ ID NO: 2067 SEQ ID NO: 2065 ACGTTTCTGCAGC GCGTAATACGACT ACGTTTCTGCAGCGGCTGGACTCACGGGAGCCCATGTGGCAGCTGGAC GGCTGGACTC CACTATAGGGATA GAGAGCATCATCGGCACCAACCCCGGGCTCGGCTTCCGGCCCACGCCG SEQ ID NO: 2068 ATTCTTATCGTACG CCAGAGGTCGCCAGCAGCGTCATCTGGTATAAAGGCAACGACCCCAAC GCGTAATACGACT CTGTCATATTCCTG AGCCAACAATTCTGGGTGCAAGAAACCTCCAACTTTCTAACCGCGTAC CACTATAGGACGT SEQ ID NO: 2069 AAACGAGACGGTAAGAAAGCAGGAGCAGGCCAGAACATCCACAACTG TTCTGCAGCGGCT GATAATTCTTATC TGATTTCAAACTGCCTCCTCCGGCCGGTAAGGTGTGCGACGTGGACATC GGACTC GTACGCTGTCATA AGCGCCTGGAGTCCCTGTGTAGAGGACAAGCACTTTGGATACCACAAG TTCCTG TCCACGCCCTGCATCTTCCTCAAACTCAACAAGATCTTCGGCTGGAGGC CGCACTTCTACAACAGCTCCGACAGCCTGCCCACTGACATGCCCGACG ACTTGAAGGAGCACATCAGGAATATGACAGCGTACGATAAGAATTATC CS011 SEQ ID NO 2071 SEQ ID NO: 2072 SEQ ID NO: 2070 CGACACTTGACTG GCGTAATACGACT CGACACTTGACTGGAGAGTTCGAGAAAAGATATGTCGCCACATTAGGT GAGAGTTCGAGA CACTATAGGCTCT GTCGAGGTGCATCCCTTAGTATTCCACACAAATAGAGGCCCTATAAGG SEQ ID NO: 2073 AGGTTACCATCAC TTTAATGTATGGGATACTGCTGGCCAAGAAAAGTTTGGTGGTCTCCGAG GCGTAATACGACT CGATCAACT ATGGTTACTATATCCAAGGTCAATGTGCCATCATCATGTTCGATGTAAC CACTATAGGCGAC SEQ ID NO: 2074 GTCTCGTGTCACCTACAAAAATGTACCCAACTGGCACAGAGATTTAGT ACTTGACTGGAGA CTCTAGGTTACCA GCGAGTCTGTGAAGGCATTCCAATTGTTCTTTGTGGCAACAAAGTAGAT GTTCGAGA TCACCGATCAACT ATCAAGGACAGAAAAGTCAAAGCAAAAACTATTGTTTTCCACAGAAAA AAGAACCTTCAGTATTATGACATCTCTGCCAAGTCAAACTACAATTTCG AGAAACCCTTCCTCTGGTTAGCGAGAAAGTTGATCGGTGATGGTAACC TAGAG CS013 SEQ ID NO: 2076 SEQ ID NO: 2077 SEQ ID NO: 2075 TGCCGAACAGGTA GCGTAATACGACT TGCCGAACAGGTATACATCTCGTCTTTGGCCCTGTTGAAGATGTTAAAA TACATCTCGTCTTT CACTATAGGCCAC CACGGGCGCGCCGGTGTTCCAATGGAAGTTATGGGACTTATGTTAGGT GG TACAGCTACAGCA GAATTTGTTGATGATTACACGGTGCGTGTCATAGACGTATTTGCCATGC SEQ ID NO: 2078 CGTTCAGAC CTCAAACTGGCACAGGAGTGTCGGTTGAAGCTGTAGATCCTGTCTTCCA GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 2079 AGCAAAGATGTTGGATATGTTGAAGCAAACTGGACGACCTGAGATGGT CACTATAGGTGCC CCACTACAGCTAC AGTGGGATGGTACCACTCGCATCCTGGCTTTGGATGTTGGTTATCTGGA GAACAGGTATACA AGCACGTTCAGAC GTCGACATTAATACTCAGCAGTCTTTCGAAGCTTTGTCTGAACGTGCTG TCTCGTCTTTGG TAGCTGTAGTGG CS014 SEQ ID NO: 2081 SEQ ID NO: 2082 SEQ ID NO: 2080 CAGATCAAGCATA GCGTAATACGACT AGATCAAGCATATGATGGCCTTCATCGAACAAGAGGCTAATGAAAAGG TGATGGCCTTCAT CACTATAGGGAAC CCGAGGAAATCGATGCAAAGGCCGAAGAGGAGTTCAACATTGAAAAA CGA AATGCGGTACGTA GGCCGCCTGGTGCAGCAGCAGCGGCTCAAGATCATGGAATACTACGAA SEQ ID NO: 2083 TTTCGGGC AAGAAAGAGAAACAAGTGGAACTCCAGAAAAAGATCCAATCTTCGAA GCGTAATACGACT SEQ ID NO: 2084 CATGCTGAATCAAGCCCGTCTGAAGGTGCTCAAAGTGCGTGAGGACCA CACTATAGGCAGA GAACAATGCGGTA CGTACGCAACGTTCTCGACGAGGCTCGCAAGCGCCTGGCTGAGGTGCC TCAAGCATATGAT CGTATTTCGGGC CAAAGACGTGAAACTTTACACAGATCTGCTGGTCACGCTCGTCGTACA GGCCTTCATCGA AGCCCTATTCCAGCTCATGGAACCCACAGTAACAGTTCGCGTTAGGCA GGCGGACGTCTCCTTAGTACAGTCCATATTGGGCAAGGCACAGCAGGA TTACAAAGCAAAGATCAAGAAGGACGTTCAATTGAAGATCGACACCGA GAATTCCCTGCCCGCCGATACTTGTGGCGGAGTGGAACTTATTGCTGCT AGAGGGCGTATTAAGATCAGCAACACTCTGGAGTCTCGTCTGGAGCTG ATAGCCCAACAACTGTTGCCCGAAATACGTACCGCATTGTTC CS015 SEQ ID NO: 2086 SEQ ID NO: 2087 SEQ ID NO: 2085 ATCGTGCTTTCAG GCGTAATACGACT ATCGTGCTTTCAGACGATAACTGCCCCGATGAGAAGATCCGCATGAAC ACGATAACTGCCCC CACTATAGGCCAT CGCGTCGTGCGAAACAACTTGCGTGTACGCCTGTCAGACATAGTCTCCA SEQ ID NO: 2088 TACGATCACGTGC TAGCGCCTTGTCCATCGGTCAAATATGGGAAACGGGTACATATATTGCC GCGTAATACGACT GATGACTTC CATTGATGATTCTGTCGAGGGTTTGACTGGAAATTTATTCGAAGTCTAC CACTATAGGATCG SEQ ID NO: 2089 TTGAAACCATACTTCATGGAAGCTTATCGGCCTATCCATCGCGATGACA TGCTTTCAGACGA CCATTACGATCAC CATTCATGGTTCGCGGGGGCATGAGGGCTGTTGAATTCAAAGTGGTGG TAACTGCCCC GTGCGATGACTTC AGACTGATCCGTCGCCGTATTGCATCGTCGCTCCCGACACAGTGATACA CTGCGAAGGAGACCCTATCAAACGAGAGGAAGAAGAAGAAGCCCTAA ACGCCGTAGGGTACGACGACATCGGTGGCTGTCGTAAACAGCTCGCTC AGATCAAAGAGATGGTCGAGTTGCCTCTAAGGCATCCGTCGCTGTTCA AGGCAATTGGTGTGAAGCCGCCACGTGGAATCCTCATGTATGGGCCGC CTGGTACCGGCAAAACTCTCATTGCTCGGGCAGTGGCTAATGAAACTG GTGCATTCTTCTTTCTGATCAACGGGCCGGAGATCATGTCCAAACTCGC GGGCGAGTCCGAATCGAACCTTCGCAAGGCATTCGAGGAAGCGGACAA GAACTCCCCGGCTATAATCTTCATCGATGAACTGGATGCCATCGCACCA AAGAGGGAGAAGACTCACGGTGAAGTGGAGCGTCGTATTGTGTCGCAA CTACTTACTCTTATGGATGGAATGAAGAAGTCATCGCACGTGATCGTAA TGG CS016 SEQ ID NO: 2091 SEQ ID NO: 2092 SEQ ID NO: 2090 AGGATGGAAGCGG GCGTAATACGACT AGGATGGAAGCGGGGATACGTTTGAGCATCTCCTTGGGGAAGATACGG GGATACGTTTGAG CACTATAGGGCAC AGCAGCTGCCAGCCGATGTCCAGCGACTCGAATACTGTGCGGTTCTCGT SEQ ID NO: 2093 CCCTGTCTCCGAA AGTTGCCCTGTGTGATGAAGTTCTTCTCGAACTTGGTGAGGAACTCGAG GCGTAATACGACT GACATGTT GTAGAGCAGATCGTCGGGTGTCAGGGCTTCCTCACCGACGACAGCCTT CACTATAGGAGGA SEQ ID NO: 2094 CATGGCCTGCACGTCCTTACCGATGGCGTAGCAGGCGTACAGCTGGTT TGGAAGCGGGGAT GCACCCCTGTCTC GGAAACATCAGAGTGGTCCTTGCGGGTCATTCCCTCACCGATGGCAGA ACGTTTGAG CGAAGACATGTT CTTCATGAGACGAGACAGGGAAGGCAGCACGTTTACAGGCGGGTAGAT CTGTCTGTTGTGGAGCTGACGGTCTACGTAGATCTGTCCCTCAGTGATG TAGCCCGTTAAATCGGGAATAGGATGGGTGATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATA GTCAAGATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGATCCGTTTCTACCCTCTACACGCC CGGCTCTCTCGTAGATGGTGGCCAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGA AACCACGTCGTCCGGGGCACCTCCTCACGGGCGGCGGACACTTCACGCA GAGCCTCCGCGTACGAAGACATGTCAGTCAAGATTACCAGCACGTGTT TCTCACACTGGTAGGCCAAGAACTCAGCAGCAGTCAAGGCCAAACGTG GTGTGATGATTCTCTCAATAGTGGGATCGTTGGCCAGATTCAAGAACA GGCACACGTTCTCCATGGAGCCGTTCTCCTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAA CCGGGCCGTCTCCATGTTCACACCCATGGCGGCGAACACGATGGCAAA GTTGTCCTCGTGGTCGTCCAGCACAGATTTGCCGGGGATCTTTACAAGA CCGGCTTGCCTACAGATCTGGGCGGCAATTTCGTTGTGTGGCAGACCGG CAGCCGAGAAAATGGGGATCTTTTGCCCGCGAGCAATGGAGTTCATCA CGTCGATAGCGGAGATACCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGGTAGATAC GGGACCAGGGGTTGATGGGCTGTCCCTGGATGTCCAAAAAGTCTTCAG CAAGGATTGGGGGACCTTTGTCAATGGGTTTTCCAGAGCCGTTGAATAC GCGACCCAACATGTCTTCGGAGACAGGGGTGC CS018 SEQ ID NO: 2096 SEQ ID NO: 2097 SEQ ID NO: 2095 CGTCCCTGTACCT GCGTAATACGACT CGTCCCTGTACCTGCTCAGCAATCCCAACAGCAGCAGAGTTACCGCCA GCTCAGCAATCCCA CACTATAGGCAGC CGTCAGCGAGAGCGTCGAACACAAATCCTACGGCACGCAAGGGTACAC SEQ ID NO: 2098 GTCGAGGCCCCAC CACTTCGGAACAGACCAAGCAGACACAGAAGGTGGCGTACACCAACG GCGTAATACGACT CTT GTTCCGACTACTCTTCCACGGACGACTTTAAGGTGGATACGTTCGAATA CACTATAGGCGTC SEQ ID NO: 2099 CAGACTCCTCCGAGAAGTTTCGTTCAGGGAATCCATCACGAAGCGGTA CCTGTACCTGCTC CAGCGTCGAGGCC CATTGGCGAGACAGACATTCAGATCAGCACGGAGGTCGACAAGTCTCT AGCAATCCCA CCACCTT CGGTGTGGTGACCCCTCCTAAGATAGCACAAAAGCCTAGGAATTCCAA GCTGCAGGAGGGAGCCGACGCTCAGTTTCAAGTGCAGCTGTCGGGTAA CCCGCGGCCACGGGTGTCATGGTTCAAGAACGGGCAGAGGATAGTCAA CTCGAACAAACACGAAATCGTCACGACACATAATCAAACAATACTTAG GGTAAGAAACACACAAAAGTCTGATACTGGCAACTACACGTTGTTGGC TGAAAATCCTAACGGATGCGTCGTCACATCGGCATACCTGGCCGTGGA GTCGCCTCAAGAAACTTACGGCCAAGATCATAAATCACAATACATAAT GGACAATCAGCAAACAGCTGTAGAAGAAAGAGTAGAAGTTAATGAAA AAGCTCTCGCTCCGCAATTCGTAAGAGTCTGCCAAGACCGCGATGTAA CGGAGGGGAAAATGACGCGATTCGATTGCCGCGTCACGGGCAGACCTT ACCCAGAAGTCACGTGGTTCATTAACGATAGACAAATTCGAGACGATT ATWATCATAAGATATTAGTAAACGAATCGTGTAATCATGCACTTATGA TTACAAACGTCGATCTCAGTGATAGTGGCGTAGTATCATGTATAGCACG CAACAAGACCGGCGAAACTTCGTTTCAGTGTAGGCTGAACGTGATAGA GAAGGAGCAAGTGGTCGCTCCCAAATTCGTGGAGCGGTTCAGCACGCT CAACGTGCGCGAGGGCGAGCCCGTGCAGCTGCACGCGCGCGCCGTCGG CACGCCTACGCCACGCATCACATGGCAGAAGGACGGCGTTCAAGTTAT ACCCAATCCAGAGCTACGAATAAATACCGAAGGTGGGGCCTCGACGCTG

TABLE 8-PX Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ PX001 SEQ ID NO: 2340 SEQ ID NO: 2341 SEQ ID NO: 2339 GCGTAATACGACT CTTGCCGATGATG CGAGGTGCTGAAGATCGTGAAGCAGCGCCTCATCAAGGTGGACGGCAA CACTATAGGCGAG AACACGTTG GGTCCGCACCGACCCCACCTACCCGGCTGGATTCATGGATGTTGTGTCG GTGCTGAAGATCG SEQ ID NO: 2343 ATTGAAAAGACCAATGAGCTGTTCCGTCTGATCTACGATGTGAAGGGA TGAAG GCGTAATACGACT CGCTTCACCATCCACCGCATCACTCCCGAGGAGGCCAAGTACAAGCTG SEQ ID NO: 2342 CACTATAGGCTTG TGCAAGGTGAAGCGCGTGGCGACGGGCCCCAAGAACGTGCCGTACATC CGAGGTGCTGAAG CCGATGATGAACA GTGACGCACAACGGCCGCACGCTGCGCTACCCCGACCCGCTCATCAAG ATCGTGAAG CGTTG GTCAACGACTCCATCCAGCTCGACATCGCCACCTGCAAGATCATGGAC ATCATCAAGTTCGACTCAGGTAACCTGTGCATGATCACGGGAGGGCGT AACTTGGGGCGAGTGGGCACCATCGTGTCCCGCGAGAGGCACCCCGGG AGCTTCGACATCGTCCACATCAAGGACACCACCGGACACACCTTCGCC ACCAGGTTGAACAACGTGTTCATCATCGGCAAG PX009 SEQ ID NO: 2345 SEQ ID NO: 2346 SEQ ID NO: 2344 GCGTAATACGACT TGTTGATCACTAT CAGCTACAAGTATTGGGAGAACCAGCTCATTGACTTTTTGTCAGTATAC CACTATAGGCAGC GCCGGTCCT AAGAAGAAGGGTCAGACAGCGGGTGCTGGTCAGAACATCTTCAACTGT TACAAGTATTGGG SEQ ID NO: 2348 GACTTCCGCAACCCGCCCCCACACGGCAAGGTGTGCGACGTGGACATC AGAACCAG GCGTAATACGACT CGCGGCTGGGAGCCCTGCATTGATGAGAACCACTTCTCTTTCCACAAGT SEQ ID NO: 2347 CACTATAGGTGTT CTTCGCCTTGCATCTTCTTGAAGCTGAATAAGATCTACGGCTGGCGTCC CAGCTACAAGTAT GATCACTATGCCG AGAGTTCTACAACGACACGGCTAACCTGCCTGAAGCCATGCCCGTGGA TGGGAGAACCAG GTCCT CTTGCAGACCCACATTCGTAACATTACTGCCTTCAACAGAGACTATGCG AACATGGTGTGGGTGTCGTGCCACGGCGAGACGCCGGCGGACAAGGA GAACATCGGGCCGGTGCGCTACCTGCCCTACCCGGGCTTCCCCGGGTA CTTCTACCCGTACGAGAACGCCGAGGGGTATCTGAGCCCGCTGGTCGC CGTGCATTTGGAGAGGCCGAGGACCGGCATAGTGATCAACA PX010 SEQ ID NO: 2350 SEQ ID NO: 2351 SEQ ID NO: 2349 GCGTAATACGACT CTGTATCAATGTA ACCAGCACTCTAGTGGACAACGTCGCGTTCGGGTCACCACTGTCGCGC CACTATAGGACCA CCGCGGCAC GCAATTGGGGCGACGCAGCCGCCAACTTACACCACATATCGGCGGGCT GCACTCTAGTGGA SEQ ID NO: 2353 TCGACCAGGAGGCGGCGGCGGTGGTGATGGCGCGGCTGGTGGTGTACC CAACGTC GCGTAATACGACT GCGCGGAGCAGGAGGACGGGCCCGACGTGCTGCGCTGGCTCGACCGCA SEQ ID NO: 2352 CACTATAGGCTGT TGCTCATACGCCTGTGCCAGAAGTTCGGCGAGTACGCGAAGGACGACC ACCAGCACTCTAG ATCAATGTACCGC CGAACAGCTTCCGTCTGTCGGAGAACTTCAGCCTGTACCCGCAGTTCAT TGGACAACGTC GGCAC GTACCACCTGCGCCGCTCGCAGTTCCTGCAGGTCTTCAACAACTCGCCC GACGAGACCACCTTCTACAGACACATGCTGATGCGCGAAGACCTGACC CAATCCCTCATCATGATCCAGCCGATCCTCTACTCGTACAGCTTCGGAG GCGCGCCCGAACCCGTGCTGTTAGACACCAGCTCCATCCAGCCCGACC GCATCCTGCTCATGGACACCTTCTTCCAGATCCTCATCTACCATGGAGA GACAATGGCGCAATGGCGCGCTCTCCGCTACCAAGACATGGCTGAGTA CGAGAACTTCAAGCAGCTGCTGCGAGCGCCCGTGGACGACGCGCAGGA GATCCTGCAGACCAGGTTCCCCGTGCCGCGGTACATTGATACAG PX015 SEQ ID NO: 2355 SEQ ID NO: 2356 SEQ ID NO: 2354 GCGTAATACGACT GATGATGGCCGGA GACGAGAAGATCCGCATGAACCGCGTCGTCCGGAACAACCTGCGAGTG CACTATAGGGACG GAGTTCTTG CGCCTGTCAGACATTGTGTCCATCGCTCCTTGCCCGTCAGTGAAGTACG AGAAGATCCGCAT SEQ ID NO: 2358 GCAAGAGAGTTCATATTCTGCCCATTGATGACTCTGTTGAGGGTTTGAC GAACC GCGTAATACGACT TGGAAACCTGTTCGAAGTCTACCTGAAGCCGTACTTCATGGAGGCGTA SEQ ID NO: 2357 CACTATAGGGATG CCGGCCCATCCACCGCGACGACACGTTCATGGTGCGCGGCGGCATGCG GACGAGAAGATCC ATGGCCGGAGAGT CGCCGTCGAGTTCAAGGTGGTGGAGACCGACCCCTCGCCCTACTGCAT GCATGAACC TCTTG CGTGGCCCCCGACACGGTCATTCATTGTGAGGGAGAGCCGATTAAACG CGAGGAAGAAGAGGAGGCTCTCAACGCGGTCGGCTACGACGACATCG GCGGGTGCCGCAAGCAGCTGGCGCAGATCAAGGAGATGGTGGAGCTG CCGCTGCGCCACCCCTCGCTGTTCAAGGCCATCGGGGTCAAGCCGCCG CGGGGGATACTGATGTACGGGCCCCCGGGGACGGGGAAGACCTTGATC GCTAGGGCTGTCGCTAATGAGACGGGCGCATTCTTCTTCCTCATCAACG GCCCCGAGATCATGTCGAAACTCGCCGGTGAATCCGAGTCGAACCTGC GCAAGGCGTTCGAGGAGGCGGACAAGAACTCTCCGGCCATCATC PX016 SEQ ID NO: 2360 SEQ ID NO: 2361 SEQ ID NO: 2359 GCGTAATACGACT AGTGATGTACCCG CTGGGTCGTATTTTCAACGGCTCCGGCAAGCCCATCGACAAGGGGCCC CACTATAGGCTGG GTCAAGTCG CCGATCCTGGGCGAGGAGTACCTGGAGATCCAGGGGCAGCCCATCAAC GTCGTATTTTCAAC SEQ ID NO: 2363 CCGTGGTCCCGTATCTACCGGGAGGAGATGATCCAGACTGGTATCTCCG GGCTC GCGTAATACGACT CTATCGACGTGATGAACTCCATCGCCCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCGCATCTT SEQ ID NO: 2362 CACTATAGGAGTG CTCCGCCGCCGGTCTGCCCCACAACGAGATTGCTGCTCAGATCTGTAGG CTGGGTCGTATTTT ATGTACCCGGTCA CAGGCTGGTCTTGTCAAGGTCCCCGGAAAATCCGTGTTGGACGACCAC CAACGGCTC AGTCG GAAGACAACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCCGCCATGGGAGTCAACATGGAG ACCGCCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAGGAGAACGGTTCCATGGAG AACGTCTGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAATGACCCGACCATTGAGAGGA TTATCACGCCGAGGTTGGCGCTGACTGCTGCCGAGTTCTTGGCCTACCA GTGCGAGAAACACGTGTTGGTAATCTTGACCGACATGTCTTCATACGCG GAGGCTCTTCGTGAAGTGTCAGCCGCCCGTGAGGAGGTGCCCGGACGA CGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACGGATTTGGCCACAATCTACGAGC GCGCCGGGCGAGTCGAGGGCCGGAACGGCTCCATCACGCAGATCCCCA TCCTGACCATGCCCAACGACGACATCACCCACCCCATCCCCGACTTGAC CGGGTACATCACT

TABLE 8-AD Target Primers Forward Primers Reverse dsRNA DNA Sequence (sense strand) ID 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ 5′ → 3′ AD001 SEQ ID NO: 2462 SEQ ID NO: 2463 SEQ ID NO: 2461 GCGTAATACGACT CAATATCAAACGA GCTCCTAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAACTCGGAGGAGTATTCGCTCCT CACTATAGGGCTC GCCTGGGTG CGCCCCAGTACTGGCCCCCACAAATTGCGTGAATGTTTACCTTTGGTGA CTAAAGCATGGAT SEQ ID NO: 2465 TTTTTCTTCGCAATCGGCTCAAGTATGCTCTGACGAACTGTGAAGTAAC GTTGG GCGTAATACGACT GAAGATTGTTATGCAGCGACTTATCAAAGTTGACGGCAAGGTGCGAAC SEQ ID NO: 2464 CACTATAGGCAAT CGATCCGAATTATCCCGCTGGTTTCATGGATGTTGTCACCATTGAGAAG GGTCCTAAAGCAT ATCAAACGAGCCT ACTGGAGAGTTCTTCAGGCTGGTGTATGATGTGAAAGGCCGTTTCACA GGATGTTGG GGGTG ATTCACAGAATTAGTGCAGAAGAAGCCAAGTACAAGCTCTGCAAGGTC AGGAGAGTTCAAACTGGGCCAAAAGGTATTCCATTCTTGGTGACCCAT GATGGCCGTACTATCCGTTATCCTGACCCAGTCATTAAAGTTAAGACT CAATCCAATTGGATATTGCCACTTGTAAAATCATGGACCACATCAGATT TGAATCTGGCAACCTGTGTATGATTACTGGTGGACGTAACTTGGGTCGA GTGGGGACTGTTGTGAGTCGAGAACGTCACCCAGGCTCGTTTGATATTG AD002 SEQ ID NO: 2467 SEQ ID NO: 2468 SEQ ID NO: 2466 GCGTAATACGACT CATCCATGTGCTG GAAGAAAGATGGAAAGGCTCCGACCACTGGTGAGGCCATTCAGAAACT CACTATAGGGAAG ATGAGCTGC CAGAGAAACAGAAGAAATGTTAATCAAAAAGCAGGAATTTTTAGAGA AAAGATGGAAAGG SEQ ID NO: 2470 AGAAAATCGAACAAGAAATCAATGTTGCAAAGAAAAATGGAACGAAA CTCCGAC GCGTAATACGACT AATAAGCGAGCTGCTATTCAGGCTCTGAAAAGGAAAAAGAGGTATGAA SEQ ID NO: 2469 CACTATAGGCATC AAACAATTGCAGCAAATTGATGGCACCTTATCCACAATTGAATGCAA GAAGAAAGATGGA CATGTGCTGATGA AGAGAAGCTTTGGAGGGTGCTAATACTAATACAGCTGTATTACAAACA AAGGCTCCGAC GCTGC ATGAAATCAGCAGCAGATGCCCTTAAAGCAGCTCATCAGCACATGGATG AD009 SEQ ID NO: 2472 SEQ ID NO: 2473 SEQ ID NO: 2471 GCGTAATACGACT CGTGTTCATCTCCC GTCTTCTTCCAGACACTGGATCCTCGTATTCCCACCTGGCAGTTAGATT CACTATAGGGTCT TCGAGTTG CTTCTATCATTGGCACATCACCTGGCCTAGGTTTCCGGCCAATGCCAGA TCTTCCAGACACT SEQ ID NO: 2475 AGATAGCAATGTAGAGTCAACTCTCATCTGGTACCGTGGAACAGATCG GGATCCTC GCGTAATACGACT TGATGACTTCCGTCAGTGGACAGACACCCTTGATGAATTTCTTGCTGTG SEQ ID NO: 2474 CACTATAGGCGTG TACAAGACTCCTGGTCTGACCCCTGGTCGAGGTCAGAACATCCACAAC GTCTTCTTCCAGAC TTCATCTCCCTCGA TGTGACTATGATAAGCCGCCAAAGAAAGGCCAAGTTTGCAATGTGGAC ACTGGATCCTC GTTG ATCAAGAATTGGCATCCCTGCATTCAAGAGAATCACTACAACTACCAC AAGAGCTCTCCATGCATATTCATCAAGCTCAACAAGATCTACAATTGG ATCCCTGAATACTACAATGAGAGTACGAATTTGCCTGAGCAGATGCCA GAAGACCTGAAGCAGTACATCCACAACCTGGAGAGTAACAACTCGAGG GAGATGAACACG AD015 SEQ ID NO: 2477 SEQ ID NO: 2478 SEQ ID NO: 2476 GCGTAATAGGACT AGAATTTCAAGGC GTTGAAGGACTAACCGGGAATTTGTTTGAGGTGTACTTAAAACCGTACT CACTATAGGGTTG GACCAGTGG TTCTCGAAGCATACCGACCCATTCACAAAGATGATGCGTTTATTGTTCG AAGGACTAACCGG SEQ ID NO: 2480 TGGTGGTATGCGAGCAGTAGAATTCAAAGTAGTGGAAACAGATCCTTC GAATTTG GCGTAATACGACT ACCATATTGTATTGTTGCTCCTGATACTGTTATTCACTGTGAAGGTGAT SEQ ID NO: 2479 CACTATAGGAGAA CCAATAAAACGTGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGCATTAAATGCTGTTGGTTAT GTTGAAGGACTAA TTTCAAGGCGACC GATGACATTGGGGGTTGCCGAAAACAGCTAGCACAGATCAAGGAAATG CCGGGAATTTG AGTGG GTGGAATTGCCATTACGGCACCCCAGTCTCTTTAAGGCTATTGGTGTTA AGCCACCGAGGGGAATACTGCTGTATGGACCCCCTGGAACTGGTAAAA CCCTCATTGCCAGGGCTGTGGCTAATGAACTGGTGCATTCTTCTTTTT AATAAATGGTCCTGAAATTATGAGCAAGCTTGCTGGTGAATCTGAAAG CAACTTACGTAAGGCATTTGAAGAAGCTGATAAGAATGCTCCGGCAAT TATATTTATTGATGAACTAGATGCAATTGCCCCTAAAAGAGAAAAAAC TCATGGAGAGGTGGAACGTCGCATAGTTTCACAACTACTAACTTTAATG GATGGTCTGAAGCAAAGTTCACATGTTATTGTTATGGCTGCCACAAATA GACCCAACTCTATTGATGGTGCCTTGCGCCGCTTTGGCAGATTTGATAG GGAAATTGATATTGGTATACCAGATGCCACTGGTCGCCTTGAAATTCT AD016 SEQ ID NO: 2482 SEQ ID NO: 2483 SEQ ID NO: 2481 GCGTAATACGACT ATGTAGCCTGGGA ACCCGGAAGAAATGATCCAGACGGGGATCTCGACCATCGACGTGATGA CACTATAGGACCC AGCCTCTTC CGTCCATCGCGCGAGGGCAGAAGATCCCCATCTTCTCGGGCGCAGGGC GGAAGAAATGATC SEQ ID NO: 2485 TGCCACACAACGAGATCGCTGCGCAGATCTGCCGACAGGCGGGGCTGG CAGAC GCGTAATACGACT TGCAGCACAAGGAGAACAAGGACGACTTCGCCATCGTGTTCGCGGCGA SEQ ID NO: 2484 CACTATAGGATGT TGGGCGTCAACATGGAGACGGCGCGCTTCTTCAAGCGCGAGTTCGCGC ACCCGGAAGAAAT AGCCTGGGAAGCC AGACGGGCGCGTGCAACGTGGTGCTGTTCCTCAACCTGGCCAACGACC GATCCAGAC TCTTC CCACCATCGAGCGCATCATCACCCCGCGCCTCGCGCTCACCGTGGCCG AGTTCCTGGCCTACCAGTGCAACAAGCACGTGCTCGTCATCATGACCG ACATGACCTCCTACGCGGAGGCGCTGCGCGAGGTGAGCGCGGCGCGCG AGGAGGTTCCTGGGCGAAGAGGCTTCCCAGGCTACAT

TABLE 9-LD Hairpin Sequence Target ID 5′ → 3′ LD002 SEQ ID NO: 240 GCCCTTGCAATGTCATCCATCATGTCGTGTACATTGTCCACGTCCAAGTTTTTATGGGCTTTCTTAAGAGCTTCAGCTG CATTTTTCATAGATTCCAATACTGTGGTGTTCGTACTAGCTCCCTCCAGAGCTTCTCGTTGAAGTTCAATAGTAGTTAA AGTGCCATCTATTTGCAACTGATTTTTTTCTAATCGCTTCTTCCGCTTCAGCGCTTGCATGGCCGCTCAAGGGCGAATT CACCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCG GCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATAT GAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTA TAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAA GAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCT AAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATT TTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCG TAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCC GTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACT GAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCG TGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTG AGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTAT ACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAG AATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACT CTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAG GAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGG TGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAA CATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGT AAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTT TGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTGAGCGGCCATGCAAGCGCTGAAGCGGAAGAAGCGATTAGAAAAAA ATCAGTTGCAAATAGATGGCACTTTAACTACTATTGAACTTCAACGAGAAGCTCTGGAGGGAGCTAGTACGAACACC ACAGTATTGGAATCTATGAAAAATGCAGCTGAAGCTCTTAAGAAAGCCCATAAAAACTTGGACGTGGACAATGTAC ACGACATGATGGATGACATTGCAAGGGC LD006 SEQ ID NO: 241 GCCCTTGGAGCGAGACTACAACAACTATGGCTGGCAGGTGTTGGTTGCTTCTGGTGTGGTGGAATACATCGACACTC TTGAAGAAGAAACTGTCATGATTGCGATGAATCCTGAGGATCTTCGGCAGGACAAAGAATATGCTTATTGTACGACC TACACCCACTGCGAAATCCACCCGGCCATGATCTTGGGCGTTTGCGCGTCTATTATACCTTTCCCCGATCATAACCAG AGCCCAAGGAACACCTACCAGAGCGCTATGGGTAAGCAAGCTATGGGGGTCTACATTACGAATTTCCACGTGCGGAT GGACACCCTGGCCCACGTGCTATACTACCCGCACAAACCTCTGGTCACTACCAGGTCTATGGAGTATCTGCGGTTCA GAGAATTACCAGCCGGGATCAACAGTATAGTTGCTATTGCTTGTTATACTGGTTATAATCAAGAAGATTCTGTTATTC TGAACGCGTCTGCTGTGGAAAGAGGATTTTTCCGATCCGTGTTTTATCGTTCCTATAAAGATGCCGAATCGAAGCGA ATTGGCGATCAAGAAGAGCAGTTCGAGAAGGGCGAATTCACCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTATATCACTAGTGCG GCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGA CCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAAC CGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAG GCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCA ATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATAC CACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCA GACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCA CATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATA GTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATT TCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTA TTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACA ACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAG GTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCA GGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCA ACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACC AAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAA ATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCA AATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTC CATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGGCCCTTCTCGAACTGCTCTT CTTGATCGCCAATTCGCTTCGATTCGGCATCTTTATAGGAACGATAAAACACGGATCGGAAAAATCCTCTTTCCACAG CAGACGCGTTCAGAATAACAGAATCTTCTTGATTATAACCAGTATAACAAGCAATAGCAACTATACTGTTGATCCCG GCTGGTAATTCTCTGAACCGCAGATACTCCATAGACCTGGTAGTGACCAGAGGTTTGTGCGGGTAGTATAGCACGTG GGCCAGGGTGTCCATCCGCACGTGGAAATTCGTAATGTAGACCCCCATAGCTTGCTTACCCATAGCGCTCTGGTAGG TGTTCCTTGGGCTCTGGTTATGATCGGGGAAAGGTATAATAGACGCGCAAACGCCCAAGATCATGGCCGGGTGGATT TCGCAGTGGGTGTAGGTCGTACAATAAGCATATTCTTTGTCCTGCCGAAGATCCTCAGGATTCATCGCAATCATGACA GTTTCTTCTTCAAGAGTGTCGATGTATTCCACCACACCAGAAGCAACCAACACCTGCCAGCCATAGTTGTTGTAGTCT CGCTCCAAGGGC LD007 SEQ ID NO: 242 GCCCTTCCGAAGAAGGATGTGAAGGGTACTTACGTATCCATACACAGTTCAGGCTTCAGAGATTTTTTATTGAAACC AGAAATTCTAAGAGCTATAGTTGACTGCGGTTTTGAACACCCTTCAGAAGTTCAGCACGAATGTATTCCTCAAGCTGT CATTGGCATGGACATTTTATGTCAAGCCAAATCTGGTATGGGCAAAACGGCAGTGTTTGTTCTGGCGACACTGCAAC AATTGGAACCAGCGGACAATGTTGTTTACGTTTTGGTGATGTGTCACACTCGTGAACTGGCTTTCCAAATCAGCAAA GAGTACGAGAGGTTCAGTAAATATATGCCCAGTGTCAAGGTGGGCGTCTTTTTCGGAGGAATGCCTATTGCTAACGA TGAAGAAGTATTGAAAAACAAATGTCCACACATTGTTGTGGGGACGCCTGGGCGTATTTTGGCGCTTGTCAAGTCTA GGAAGCTAGTCCTCAAGAACCTGAAACACTTCATTCTTGATGAGTGCGATAAAATGTTAGAACTGTTGGATATGAGG AGAGACGTCCAGGAAATCTACAGAAACACCCCTCACACCAAGCAAGTGATGATGTTCAGTGCCACACTCAGCAAAG AAATCAGGCCGGTGTGCAAGAAATTCATGCAAGATCCAATGGAGGTGTATGTAGACGATGAAGCCAAATTGACGTT GCACGGATTACAACAGCATTACGTTAAACTCAAAGAAAATGAAAAGAATAAAAAATTATTTGAGTTGCTCGATGTTC TCGAATTTAATCAGGTGGTCATTTTTGTGAAGTCCGTTCAAAGGTGTGTGGCTTTGGCACAGTTGCTGACTGAACAGA ATTTCCCAGCCATAGGAATTCACAGAGGAATGGACCAGAAAGAGAGGTTGTCTCGGTATGAGCAGTTCAAAGATTTC CAGAAGAGAATATTGGTAGCTACGAATCTCTTTGGGCGTGGCATGGACATTGAAAGGGTCAACATTGTCTTCAACTA TGATATGCCAGAGGACTCCGACACCTACTTGCATCGAAGGGCGAATTCACCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTATATC ACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTG TCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCT GTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTC AAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCAT CAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACT GGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACC TATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGC CTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGAT ATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCA CGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAA AGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAA TATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGG CGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATG AGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACC TTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTG TTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTAT GCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGT GGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCAT CATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCG ATGCAAGTAGGTGTCGGAGTCCTCTGGCATATCATAGTTGAAGACAATGTTGACCCTTTCAATGTCCATGCCACGCCC AAAGAGATTCGTAGCTACCAATATTCTCTTCTGGAAATCTTTGAACTGCTCATACCGAGACAACCTCTCTTTCTGGTC CATTCCTCTGTGAATTCCTATGGCTGGGAAATTCTGTTCAGTCAGCAACTGTGCCAAAGCCACACACCTTTGAACGGA CTTCACAAAAATGACCACCTGATTAAATTCGAGAACATCGAGCAACTCAAATAATTTTTTATTCTTTTCATTTTCTTTG AGTTTAACGTAATGCTGTTGTAATCCGTGCAACGTCAATTTGGCTTCATCGTCTACATACACCTCCATTGGATCTTGC ATGAATTTCTTGCACACCGGCCTGATTTCTTTGCTGAGTGTGGCACTGAACATCATCACTTGCTTGGTGTGAGGGGTG TTTCTGTAGATTTCCTGGACGTCTCTCCTCATATCCAACAGTTCTAACATTTTATCGCACTCATCAAGAATGAAGTGTT TCAGGTTCTTGAGGACTAGCTTCCTAGACTTGACAAGCGCCAAAATACGCCCAGGCGTCCCCACAACAATGTGTGGA CATTTGTTTTTCAATACTTCTTCATCGTTAGCAATAGGCATTCCTCCGAAAAAGACGCCCACCTTGACACTGGGCATA TATTTACTGAACCTCTCGTACTCTTTGCTGATTTGGAAAGCCAGTTCACGAGTGTGACACATCACCAAAACGTAAACA ACATTGTCCGCTGGTTCCAATTGTTGCAGTGTCGCCAGAACAAACACTGCCGTTTTGCCCATACCAGATTTGGCTTGA CATAAAATGTCCATGCCAATGACAGCTTGAGGAATACATTCGTGCTGAACTTCTGAAGGGTGTTCAAAACCGCAGTC AACTATAGCTCTTAGAATTTCTGGTTTCAATAAAAAATCTCTGAAGCCTGAACTGTGTATGGATACGTAAGTACCCTT CACATCCTTCTTCGGAAGGGC LD010 SEQ ID NO: 243 GCCCTTCGCCATTGGGCGATGGTTTCGCCATGGAATATCAGAATCTGGAAGAACGTGTCCATGAGCAGAATTCTATC GGGTTGGATGGAACTCGTATCCAAAAGCACAGGTTCTGGTGGTCCATTGAAACTGTAGCTGTAGAGTATCGGCTGGA TCATGATCAGCGACTGCGTGAGGTCTTCGCGCATAAGCATGTGCCTGTAGAAGGACGTTTCGTCGGGAGAATTGTTA AACACCTGCAGGAACTGTGACCTTCTCAAATGGTACATGAACTGCGGGTAGAGGCTGAAGTTTTCGCCCAAGCGGAA CGAATTCGGGTCGTCCTTGTTATATTCGCCGAATTTCTGGCACAGACGTATCAACATCCTATCGACCCATCTCAAAAC ATCAGGGCTATCGTCTGATTCCGCTCTGTAAACTGCCATCCTCGCCATTATCACTGCGGCTGCCTCCTGATCGAATCC AGCACTGACATGATGTATATTAGCGGAAGCATCGGCCCAGTTTCTAGCAACTGTCGTTACTCGGATCCTCTTCTGGCC ACTAGCATGCTGATATTGCGTGATGAACTGTATGCAGCCCCTTCCCCCTTGAGGTATGGGAGCGGAATGTTGGTTGA CGACCTCGAAGAACAAGGCCATGGTAGTACTTGGAGTTACCGTACACATTTTCCACTGGACCGTGTTACCCATTCCTA TTTCGGTGTCGGAAACCAAAGGATTCTTCACATTCAACGAAACACAAGATCCAATACCGCCTTGAATTTTCAACTCCC TGGAACACTTGACCCTCCAGAGTACCATTAAATGCCATCTTCAGCTCGTTTTTCTGATCTTTCGAAAATATGCGCTGG AACGTTTGCTTGAACAGGGAAGAATTGAACGAGTCGCCCATGACCATATGTCCCCCTGTTGAATTACAACACTGTTT CATCTCCATCAATCCTGTCTGATCCAAAGCGCATGAATATATGTCAACGCAGTGGCCATTCGTTGCTGCTCTCATCGC TAAATTATCATAGTGCTTGATTGCTTTCTTCATGTATTTGGCATTGTCTTTTTGGATGTCGTGGTGAGATCTGATAGGT TGCTTCAGATCATCATTCAAGACTTGACCAGGGCCTTGAGAGCAAGGTCCTCCAACGAATAGCATGACCCTGGCACC AGTATTGGCGTATGTGCACTCCAACAACCCAATGGCTATCGATAAAGCTGTCCCGGTCGATCTAAGGGCGCATTTGC CTTGGTGGACAGGCCATGGGTCTCTTTGCAACTCTCCAATAAGATCAGTGAGGTTCATGTCGCATTTCGAGATGGGTT GAAGGAACCTGCTTCCTGGTGGCGTAGGAGCTTGCTGGAGTGCTCCAGGCCTCATGGGTTGTCCTGGTTGTTGAGGA GCAGGTTGAGCACTTACTGCGGCTCTGCCCACTTCCAACATCTCTTGAACTTGCTTAGCTGTGAGGTCTTTCGTCCCTC GGAAAACGTAAGATTTGCTGCAGCCCTCGGTACCTAGTTCGTGCACTTGGACCATCTTCCCAAAGGTAATCAACCCT ATCAAGGCATTCGGGGGCAACAAGCTCAAAGACATCTGCAACGAATCCTTGAGAGAAGGGCGAATTCACCAGCTTT CTTGTACAAAGTGGTATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAG TGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTT AACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATC AAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTG CATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTA AAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTT CAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAA TAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAAT GAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTT CATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTG AAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCA GTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCG ACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATG AATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAG TCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCA CTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAA AACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAG CACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGC AAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCGACCACTTTGTACAAGAA AGCTGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCTCTCAAGGATTCGTTGCAGATGTCTTTGAGCTTGTTGCCCCCGAATGCCTTGATAGG GTTGATTACCTTTGGGAAGATGGTCCAAGTGCACGAACTAGGTACCGAGGGCTGCAGCAAATCTTACGTTTTCCGAG GGACGAAAGACCTCACAGCTAAGCAAGTTCAAGAGATGTTGGAAGTGGGCAGAGCCGCAGTAAGTGCTCAACCTGC TCCTCAACAACCAGGACAACCCATGAGGCCTGGAGCACTCCAGCAAGCTCCTACGCCACCAGGAAGCAGGTTCCTTC AACCCATCTCGAAATGCGACATGAACCTCACTGATCTTATTGGAGAGTTGCAAAGAGACCCATGGCCTGTCCACCAA GGCAAATGCGCCCTTAGATCGACCGGGACAGCTTTATCGATAGCCATTGGGTTGTTGGAGTGCACATACGCCAATAC TGGTGCCAGGGTCATGCTATTCGTTGGAGGACCTTGCTCTCAAGGCCCTGGTCAAGTCTTGAATGATGATCTGAAGC AACCTATCAGATCTCACCACGACATCCAAAAAGACAATGCCAAATACATGAAGAAAGCAATCAAGCACTATGATAA TTTAGCGATGAGAGCAGCAACGAATGGCCACTGCGTTGACATATATTCATGCGCTTTGGATCAGACAGGATTGATGG AGATGAAACAGTGTTGTAATTCAACAGGGGGACATATGGTCATGGGCGACTCGTTCAATTCTTCCCTGTTCAAGCAA ACGTTCCAGCGCATATTTTCGAAAGATCAGAAAAACGAGCTGAAGATGGCATTTAATGGTACTCTGGAGGGTCAAGT GTTCCAGGGAGTTGAAAATTCAAGGCGGTATTGGATCTTGTGTTTCGTTGAATGTGAAGAATCCTTTGGTTTCCGACA CCGAAATAGGAATGGGTAACACGGTCCAGTGGAAAATGTGTACGGTAACTCCAAGTACTACCATGGCCTTGTTCTTC GAGGTCGTCAACCAACATTCCGCTCCCATACCTCAAGGGGGAAGGGGCTGCATACAGTTCATCACGCAATATCAGCA TGCTAGTGGCCAGAAGAGGATCCGAGTAACGACAGTTGCTAGAAACTGGGCCGATGCTTCCGCTAATATACATCATG TCAGTGCTGGATTCGATCAGGAGGCAGCCGCAGTGATAATGGCGAGGATGGCAGTTTACAGAGCGGAATCAGACGA TAGCCCTGATGTTTTGAGATGGGTCGATAGGATGTTGATACGTCTGTGCCAGAAATTCGGCGAATATAACAAGGACG ACCCGAATTCGTTCCGCTTGGGCGAAAACTTCAGCCTCTACCCGCAGTTCATGTACCATTTGAGAAGGTCACAGTTCC TGCAGGTGTTTAACAATTCTCCCGACGAAACGTCCTTCTACAGGCACATGCTTATGCGCGAAGACCTCACGCAGTCG CTGATCATGATCCAGCCGATACTCTACAGCTACAGTTTCAATGGACCACCAGAACCTGTGCTTTTGGATACGAGTTCC ATCCAACCCGATAGAATTCTGCTCATGGACACGTTCTTCCAGATTCTGATATTCCATGGCGAAACCATCGCCCAATGG CGAAGGGC LD011 SEQ ID NO: 244 GCCCTTGTGGAAGCAGGGCTGGCATGGCGACAAATTCTAGATTGGGATCACCAATAAGCTTCCTAGCTAGCCATAGG AAAGGCTTCTCAAAGTTGTAGTTAGATTTGGCAGAGATATCATAGTACTGCAAATTCTTCTTCCTATGAAAGACAATA CTTTTCGCTTTTACTTTTCTGTCTTTGATGTCAACCTTGTTCCCGCAAAGTACTATCGGGATATTTTCACAGACTCTGA CAAGATCTCTGTGCCAATTTGGTACATTCTTGTATGTAACTCTGGAAGTTACATCAAACATGATAATAGCACACTGTC CCTGAATGTAATATCCATCACGGAGACCACCAAACTTCTCCTGACCGGCAGTGTCCCATACATTGAACCGAATAGGG CCCCTGTTTGTATGGAAGACCAGAGGATGGACTTCAACTCCCAAAGTAGCTACATATCTTTTTTCAAATTCACCAGTC ATATGACGTTTTCACAAATGTCGTTTTTCCAGTACCTCCATCTCCGACCAACACACACTTGAAAGTGGGAAGGGCGAA TTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCA GGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAAT ATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAG AGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTT CAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGG AGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAA CATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAG ACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAA TTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCA AACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGT GGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTG GGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATA TTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCG GCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATA TGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACT CTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAG ATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAG ATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAA GCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCGG ACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCCCACTTTCAAGTGTGTGTTGGTCGGAGATGGAGGTACT GGAAAAACGACATTTGTGAAACGTCATATGACTGGTGAATTTGAAAAAAGATATGTAGCTACTTTGGGAGTTGAAGT CCATCCTCTGGTCTTCCATACAAACAGGGGCCCTATTCGGTTCAATGTATGGGACACTGCCGGTCAGGAGAAGTTTG GTGGTCTCCGTGATGGATATTACATTCAGGGACAGTGTGCTATTATCATGTTTGATGTAACTTCCAGAGTTACATACA AGAATGTACCAAATTGGCACAGAGATCTTGTCAGAGTCTGTGAAAATATCCCGATAGTACTTTGCGGGAACAAGGTT GACATCAAAGACAGAAAAGTAAAAGCGAAAAGTATTGTCTTTCATAGGAAGAAGAATTTGCAGTACTATGATATCT CTGCCAAATCTAACTACAACTTTGAGAAGCCTTTCCTATGGCTAGCTAGGAAGCTTATTGGTGATCCCAATCTAGAAT TTGTCGCCATGCCAGCCCTGCTTCCACAAGGGC LD014 SEQ ID NO: 245 GCCCTTCGCAGATCAAGCATATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGAGGCAAACGAAAAGGCAGAAGAAATCGATGCCAA GGCCGAGGAAGAATTTAATATTGAAAAGGGGCGCCTTGTTCAGCAACAACGTCTCAAGATTATGGAATATTATGAGA AGAAAGAGAAACAGGTCGAACTCCAGAAAAAAATCCAATCGTCTAACATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGATTGAAAGTATT GAAGGTTAGGGAAGATCACGTTCGTACCGTACTAGAGGAGGCGCGTAAACGACTTGGTCAGGTCACAAACGACCAG GGAAAATATTCCCAAATCCTGGAAAGCCTCATTTTGCAGGGATTATATCAGCTTTTTGAGAAAGATGTTACCATTCGA GTTCGGCCCCAGGACCGAGAACTGGTCAAATCCATCATTCCCACCGTCACGAACAAGTATAAAGATGCCACCGGTAA GGACATCCATCTGAAAATTGATGACGAAATCCATCTGTCCCAAGAAACCACCGGGGGAATCGACCTGCTGGCGCAG AAAAACAAAATCAAGATCAGCAATACTATGGAGGCTCGTCTGGAGCTGATTTCGCAGCAACTTCTGCCCGAGATCCG AAGGGCGAATTCACCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCG ACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAG TTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCA CCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTA CAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGAT TTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGT AAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTT TTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCAT CCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCAT GAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCA AGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAA TCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGG CAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCC ATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGC TTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTAT GCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAA CTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGT GACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACA CAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGA TATCGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCGGATCTCGGGCAGAAGTTGCTGCGAAATCAGCT CCAGACGAGCCTCCATAGTATTGCTGATCTTGATTTTGTTTTTCTGCGCCAGCAGGTCGATTCCCCCGGTGGTTTCTTG GGACAGATGGATTTCGTCATCAATTTTCAGATGGATGTCCTTACCGGTGGCATCTTTATACTTGTTCGTGACGGTGGG AATGATGGATTTGACCAGTTCTCGGTCCTGGGGCCGAACTCGAATGGTAACATCTTTCTCAAAAAGCTGATATAATC CCTGCAAAATGAGGCTTTCCAGGATTTGGGAATATTTTCCCTGGTCGTTTGTGACCTGACCAAGTCGTTTACGCGCCT CCTCTAGTACGGTACGAACGTGATCTTCCCTAACCTTCAATACTTTCAATCGAGCCTGATTCAACATGTTAGACGATT GGATTTTTTTCTGGAGTTCGACCTGTTTCTCTTTCTTCTCATAATATTCCATAATCTTGAGACGTTGTTGCTGAACAAG GCGCCCCTTTTCAATATTAAATTCTTCCTCGGCCTTGGCATCGATTTCTTCTGCCTTTTCGTTTGCCTCTTGTTCAATGA AAGCCATCATATGCTTGATCTGCGAAGGGC LD016 SEQ ID NO: 246 GCCCTTGGAATAGGATGGGTAATGTCGTCGTTGGGCATAGTCAATATAGGAATCTGGGTGATGGATCCGTTACGTCC TTCAACACGGCCGGCACGTTCATAGATGGTAGCTAAATCGGTGTACATGTAACCTGGGAAACCACGACGACCAGGC ACCTCTTCTCTGGCAGCAGATACCTCACGCAAAGCTTCTGCATACGAAGACATATCTGTCAAGATGACCAAGACGTG CTTCTCACATTGGTAAGCCAAGAATTCGGCAGCTGTCAAAGCCAGACGAGGTGTAATAATTCTTTCAATGGTAGGAT CGTTGGCCAAATTCAAGAACAGGCAGACATTCTCCATAGAACCGTTCTCTTCGAAATCCTGTTTGAAGAACCTAGCT GTTTCCATGTTAACACCCATAGCAGCGAAAACAATAGCAAAGTTATCTTCATGATCATCAAGTACAGATTTACCAGG AATCTTGACTAAACCAGCCTGTCTACAGATCTGGGCAGCAATTTCATTGTGAGGCAGACCAGCTGCAGAGAAAATGG GGATCTTCTGACCACGAGCAATGGAGTTCATCACGTCAATAGCTGTAATACCCGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCAGGATAG ATACGGGACCACGGATTGATTGGTTGACCCTGGATGTCCAAGAAGTCTTCAGCCAAAATTGGGGGACCTTTGTCGAT GGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAAACACGTCCCAACATATCTTCAGAAACAGGAGTCCTCAAAATATCTCCTGTGAATTC ACAAGCGGTGTTTTTGGCGTCGATTCCTGATGTGCCCTCGAACACTTGAACCACAGCTTTTGACCCACTGACTTCCAG AACTTGTCCCGAACGTATAGTGCCATCAGCCAGTTTGAGTTGTACGATTTCATTGTACTTGGGGAACTTAACATCTTC GAGGATTACCAGAGGACCGTTCACACCAGACACAGTCAAGGGCGAATTCACCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTATAT CACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGT GTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGC TGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTT CAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCC ATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCA CTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTA CCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCG GCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTG ATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATAC CACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCT AAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCC AATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCT GGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCG ATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCC ACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGA GTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTT TATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATT GGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCT CATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTT GACTGTGTCTGGTGTGAACGGTCCTCTGGTAATCCTCGAAGATGTTAAGTTCCCCAAGTACAATGAAATCGTACAAC TCAAACTGGCTGATGGCACTATACGTTCGGGACAAGTTCTGGAAGTCAGTGGGTCAAAAGCTGTGGTTCAAGTGTTC GAGGGCACATCAGGAATCGACGCCAAAAACACCGCTTGTGAATTCACAGGAGATATTTTGAGGACTCCTGTTTCTGA AGATATGTTGGGACGTGTTTTCAATGGATCAGGAAAACCCATCGACAAAGGTCCCCCAATTTTGGCTGAAGACTTCT TGGACATCCAGGGTCAACCAATCAATCCGTGGTCCCGTATCTATCCTGAGGAAATGATCCAGACGGGTATTACAGCT ATTGACGTGATGAACTCCATTGCTCGTGGTCAGAAGATCCCCATTTTCTCTGCAGCTGGTCTGCCTCACAATGAAATT GCTGCCCAGATCTGTAGACAGGCTGGTTTAGTCAAGATTCCTGGTAAATCTGTACTTGATGATCATGAAGATAACTTT GCTATTGTTTTCGCTGCTATGGGTGTTAACATGGAAACAGCTAGGTTCTTCAAACAGGATTTCGAAGAGAACGGTTCT ATGGAGAATGTCTGCCTGTTCTTGAATTTGGCCAACGATCCTACCATTGAAAGAATTATTACACCTCGTCTGGCTTTG ACAGCTGCCGAATTCTTGGCTTACCAATGTGAGAAGCACGTCTTGGTCATCTTGACAGATATGTCTTCGTATGCAGAA GCTTTGCGTGAGGTATCTGCTGCCAGAGAAGAGGTGCCTGGTCGTCGTGGTTTCCCAGGTTACATGTACACCGATTTA GCTACCATCTATGAACGTGCCGGCCGTGTTGAAGGACGTAACGGATCCATCACCCAGATTCCTATATTGACTATGCC CAACGACGACATTACCCATCCTATTCCAAGGGC

TABLE 9-PC Target Hairpin Sequence ID 5′ → 3′ PC001 SEQ ID NO: 508 AGATTCAAATTTGATGTAGTCAAGAATTTTAGATGTAGCAATTTCCATTTGAATTGTGTCATTCACTTTGATGTTGGGGT CAGGGTAACGAATGGTTCTGCCATCATGTGTTACCAAAAATGGGATTCCTTTGGGACCAGTTTGGACTCTCCTTACTTT ACACAACTTGTATTTTGCCTCTTCAGCTGTAATACGGTGCACAGCAAATCTTCCTTTAACATCATAGATCAGACGGAAA AATTCACCAGTCTTCTCAATAGTAATGACATCCATGAAACCAGCAGGGTAATTAGAATCAGTCCTCACTTTACCATCAA CTTTGATCAACCTTTGCATGACAATTTTAGTGACTTCACTGTTTGTAAGGGCATACTTCAGCCTGTTACGAAGGAAAAT CACTAAAGGCAGGGATTCGCGCAACTTGTGAGGCCCGGTGGATGGACGAGGGGCGAAGACACCCCCCAATTTGTCCA ACATCCATGCAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCG ACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAA ATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTA ACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTAT ATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCG GCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGG CATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGG CCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGC TCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTC CATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGC AAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAA TCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGC AAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATG TCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAAT ATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACT CTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGA TCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATA AACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGT AAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTG TACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATTGGGGGGTGTCTTCGCCCCTCGTCCATCCAC CGGGCCTCACAAGTTGCGCGAATCCCTGCCTTTAGTGATTTTCCTTCGTAACAGGCTGAAGTATGCCCTTACAAACAGT GAAGTCACTAAAATTGTCATGCAAAGGTTGATCAAAGTTGATGGTAAAGTGAGGACTGATTCTAATTACCCTGCTGGT TTCATGGATGTCATTACTATTGAGAAGACTGGTGAATTTTTCCGTCTGATCTATGATGTTAAAGGAAGATTTGCTGTGC ACCGTATTACAGCTGAAGAGGCAAAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAAGGAGAGTCCAAACTGGTCCCAAAGGAATCCCA TTTTTGGTAACACATGATGGCAGAACCATTCGTTACCCTGACCCCAACATCAAAGTGAATGACACAATTCAAATGGAA ATTGCTACATCTAAAATTCTTGACTACATCAAATTTGAATCT PC010 SEQ ID NO: 509 CTCTCAAGGATTCTTTGCAGATGTCGCTCAGCCTATTACCGCCCAACGCGTTGATTGGATTGATCACGTTCGGAAAAAT GGTGCAAGTCCACGAACTGGGTACCGAAGGCTGCAGCAAGTCGTACGTGTTCTGTGGAACGAAAGATCTCACCGCCAA GCAAGTCCAGGAGATGTTGGGCATTGGAAAAGGGTCACCAAATCCCCAACAACAGCCAGGGCAACCTGGGCGGCCAG GGCAGAATCCCCAAGCTGCCCCTGTACCACCGGGGAGCAGATTCTTGCAGCCCGTGTCAAAATGCGACATGAACTTGA CAGATCTGATCGGGGAGTTGCAGAAAGACCCTTGGCCCGTACATCAGGGCAAAAGACCTCTTAGATCCACAGGCGCAG CATTGTCCATCGCTGTCGGCCTCTTAGAATGCACCTATCCGAATACGGGTGGCAGAATCATGATATTCTTAGGAGGACC ATGCTCTCAGGGTCCCGGCCAGGTGTTGAACGACGATTTGAAGCAGCCCATCAGGTCCCATCATGACATACACAAAGA CAATGCCAAGTACATGAAGAAGGCTATCAAACATTACGATCACTTGGCAATGCGAGCTGCCACCAACAGCCATTGCAT CGACATTTACTCCTGCGCCCTGGATCAGACGGGACTGATGGAGATGAAGCAGTGCTGCAATTCCACCGGAGGGCACAT GGTCATGGGCGATTCCTTCAATTCCTCTCTATTCAAACAAACCTTCCAGCGAGTGTTCTCAAAAGACCCGAAGAACGAC CTCAAGATGGCGTTCAACGCCACCTTGGAGGTGAAGTGTTCCAGGGAGTTAAAAGTCCAAGGGGGCATCGGCTCGTGC GTGTCCTTGAACGTTAAAAGCCCTCTGGTTTCCGATACGGAACTAGGCATGGGGAATACTGTGCAGTGGAAACTTTGC ACGTTGGCGCCGAGCTCTACTGTGGCGCTGTTCTTCGAGGTGGTTAACCAGCATTCGGCGCCCATACCACAGGGAGGC AGGGGCTGCATCCAGCTCATCACCCAGTATCAGCACGCGAGCGGGCAAAGGAGGATCAGAGTGACCACGATTGCTAG AAATTGGGCGGACGCTACTGCCAACATCCACCACATTAGCGCTGGCTTCGACCAAGAAGCGGCGGCAGTTGTGATGGC CCGAATGGCCGGTTACAAGGCGGAATCGGACGAGACTCCCGACGTGCTCAGATGGGTGGACAGGATGTTGATCAGGC TGTGCCAGAAGTTCGGAGAGTACAATAAAGACGATCCGAATTCGTTCAGGTTGGGGGAGAACTTCAGTCTGTATCCGC AGTTCATGTACCATTTGAGACGGTCGCAGTTTCTGCAGGTGTTCAATAATTCTCCTGATGAAACGTCGTTTTATAGGCA CATGCTGATGCGTGAGGATTTGACTCAGTCTTTGATCATGATCCAGCCGATTTTGTACAGTTACAGCTTCAACGGGCCG CCCGAGCCTGTGTTGTTGGACACAAGCTCTATTCAGCCGGATAGAATCCTGCTCATGGACACTTTCTTCCAGATACTCA TTTTCCATGGAGAGACCATTGCCCAATGGCGAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTA GTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAG CTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAAT AACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTA GGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCA ATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACC ACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGA CCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACAT TCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGT TCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGG CAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGA ATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTC GCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCAT GCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCG TAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAA AAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGT CATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTT ACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTA CAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGA TCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCGCCATTGGGCAATGGTCTCTCCATGG AAAATGAGTATCTGGAAGAAAGTGTCCATGAGCAGGATTCTATCCGGCTGAATAGAGCTTGTGTCCAACAACACAGGC TCGGGCGGCCCGTTGAAGCTGTAACTGTACAAAATCGGCTGGATCATGATCAAAGACTGAGTCAAATCCTCACGCATC AGCATGTGCCTATAAAACGACGTTTCATCAGGAGAATTATTGAACACCTGCAGAAACTGCGACCGTCTCAAATGGTAC ATGAACTGCGGATACAGACTGAAGTTCTCCCCCAACCTGAACGAATTCGGATCGTCTTTATTGTACTCTCCGAACTTCT GGCACAGCCTGATCAACATCCTGTCCACCCATCTGAGCACGTCGGGAGTCTCGTCCGATTCCGCCTTGTAACCGGCCAT TCGGGCCATCACAACTGCCGCCGCTTCTTGGTCGAAGCCAGCGCTAATGTGGTGGATGTTGGCAGTAGCGTCCGCCCA ATTTCTAGCAATCGTGGTCACTCTGATCCTCCTTTGCCCGCTCGCGTGCTGATACTGGGTGATGAGCTGGATGCAGCCC CTGCCTCCCTGTGGTATGGGCGCCGAATGCTGGTTAACCACCTCGAAGAACAGCGCCACAGTAGAGCTCGGCGCCAAC GTGCAAAGTTTCCACTGCACAGTATTCCCCATGCCTAGTTCCGTATCGGAAACCAGAGGGCTTTTAACGTTCAAGGACA CGCACGAGCCGATGCCCCCTTGGACTTTTAACTCCCTGGAACACTTCACCTCCAAGGTGGCGTTGAACGCCATCTTGAG GTCGTTCTTCGGGTCTTTTGAGAACACTCGCTGGAAGGTTTGTTTGAATAGAGAGGAATTGAAGGAATCGCCCATGACC ATGTGCCCTCCGGTGGAATTGCAGCACTGCTTCATCTCCATCAGTCCCGTCTGATCCAGGGCGCAGGAGTAAATGTCGA TGCAATGGCTGTTGGTGGCAGCTCGCATTGCCAAGTGATCGTAATGTTTGATAGCCTTCTTCATGTACTTGGCATTGTCT TTGTGTATGTCATGATGGGACCTGATGGGCTGCTTCAAATCGTCGTTCAACACCTGGCCGGGACCCTGAGAGCATGGTC CTCCTAAGAATATCATGATTCTGCCACCCGTATTCGGATAGGTGCATTCTAAGAGGCCGACAGCGATGGACAATGCTG CGCCTGTGGATCTAAGAGGTCTTTTGCCCTGATGTACGGGCCAAGGGTCTTTCTGCAACTCCCCGATCAGATCTGTCAA GTTCATGTCGCATTTTGACACGGGCTGCAAGAATCTGCTCCCCGGTGGTACAGGGGCAGCTTGGGGATTCTGCCCTGGC CGCCCAGGTTGCCCTGGCTGTTGTTGGGGATTTGGTGACCCTTTTCCAATGCCCAACATCTCCTGGACTTGCTTGGCGGT GAGATCTTTCGTTCCACAGAACACGTACGACTTGCTGCAGCCTTCGGTACCCAGTTCGTGGACTTGCACCATTTTTCCG AACGTGATCAATCCAATCAACGCGTTGGGCGGTAATAGGCTGAGCGACATCTGCAAAGAATCCTTGAGAG PC014 SEQ ID NO: 510 CGCAGATCAAACATATGATGGCTTTCATTGAACAAGAAGCCAATGAGAAAGCAGAAGAAATCGATGCCAAGGCAGAG GAGGAATTCAACATTGAAAAAGGGCGTTTAGTCCAGCAACAGAGACTCAAGATCATGGAGTACTACGAGAAAAAGGA GAAGCAAGTCGAACTTCAAAAGAAAATTCAGTCCTCTAATATGTTGAATCAGGCTCGTTTGAAGGTGCTGAAAGTGAG AGAGGACCATGTCAGAGCAGTCCTGGAGGATGCTCGTAAAAGTCTTGGTGAAGTAACCAAAGACCAAGGAAAATACT CCCAAATTTTGGAGAGCCTAATCCTACAAGGACTGTTCCAGCTGTTCGAGAAGGAGGTGACGGTCCGCGTGAGACCGC AAGATAGGGACTTGGTTAGGTCCATCCTGCCCAACGTCGCTGCCAAATACAAGGACGCCACCGGCAAAGACATCCTAC TCAAGGTGGACGATGAGTCGCACCTGTCTCAGGAGATCACCGGAGGCGTCGATCTGCTCGCTCAGAAGAACAAGATCA AGATCAGCAACACGATGGAGGCTAGGTTGGATCTGATCGCTCAGCAATTGGTGCCCGAGATCCGAAGGGCGAATTCGA CCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGG CCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGA GACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAA TATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAA CAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGA AGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGC ATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAA AATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAA TGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTC ATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAA AACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTT TGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAG GTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTAC AACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATAC CAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAG ACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTC ATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCA TATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAAC CTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTC GCCCTTCGGATCTCGGGCACCAATTGCTGAGCGATCAGATCCAACCTAGCCTCCATCGTGTTGCTGATCTTGATCTTGT TCTTCTGAGCGAGCAGATCGACGCCTCCGGTGATCTCCTGAGACAGGTGCGACTCATCGTCCACCTTGAGTAGGATGTC TTTGCCGGTGGCGTCCTTGTATTTGGCAGCGACGTTGGGCAGGATGGACCTAACCAAGTCCCTATCTTGCGGTCTCACG CGGACCGTCACCTCCTTCTCGAACAGCTGGAACAGTCCTTGTAGGATTAGGCTCTCCAAAATTTGGGAGTATTTTCCTT GGTCTTTGGTTACTTCACCAAGACTTTTACGAGCATCCTCCAGGACTGCTCTGACATGGTCCTCTCTCACTTTCAGCACC TTCAAACGAGCCTGATTCAACATATTAGAGGACTGAATTTTCTTTTGAAGTTCGACTTGCTTCTCCTTTTTCTCGTAGTA CTCCATGATCTTGAGTCTCTGTTGCTGGACTAAACGCCCTTTTTCAATGTTGAATTCCTCCTCTGCCTTGGCATCGATTT CTTCTGCTTTCTCATTGGCTTCTTGTTCAATGAAAGCCATCATATGTTTGATCTGCG PC016 SEQ ID NO: 511 TTGGGCATAGTCAAGATGGGGATCTGCGTGATGGAGCCGTTGCGGCCCTCCACACGACCGGCGCGCTCGTAAATGGTG GCCAGATCGGTGTACATGTAACCGGGGAAACCCCTACGGCCGGGCACTTCTTCTCGAGCGGCAGACACCTCACGCAAC GCCTCCGCGTACGACGACATGTCGGTCAAGATGACCAGCACGTGCTTCTCGCACTGGTAGGCCAAGAATTCGGCGGCC GTCAGAGCCAAACGCGGCGTGATGATGCGCTCGATGGTCGGATCGTTGGCCAAGTTCAAGAACAGACACACGTTCTCC ATCGAGCCGTTCTCTTCGAAGTCCTGCTTGAAGAACCTGGCAGTTTCCATGTTGACACCCATAGCAGCAAACACAATAG CAAAGTTGTCTTCATGGTCATCCAGCACAGACTTGCCAGGTACTTTGACCAAGCCAGCCTGCCTACAAATCTGGGCTGC AATCTCATTGTGGGGCAGCCCAGCGGCGGAGAAGATCGGAATCTTCTGCCCTCTGGCGATAGAGTTCATCACGTCGAT GGCCGTGATCCCAGTCTGGATCATTTCCTCGGGATAAATACGCGACCACGGGTTGATCGGCTGTCCTTGGATGTCGAGG TAGTCCTCAGCCAGGATCGGGGGACCTTTATCAATGGGTTTTCCTGATCCATTGAAGACACGTCCCAGCATATCTTCTG ATACTGGAGTTCTTAGAATATCTCCAGTGAACTCACACACCGTGTTCTTAGCATCAATACCTGATGTGCCTTCAAATAC CTGAACAACTGCCTTTGATCCACTGACTTCCAAAACTTGTCCAGATCGTAGAGTTCCATCTGCCAATTTGAGCTGGACA ATTTCATTGAATTTTGGAAACTTGACATCCTCAAGAATGACCAGTAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAG TGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTA TGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATG AATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTT GACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTAT GGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAA TCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATG TACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCC GGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTG ATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACC ACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAA AGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAAT ATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCG ATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGT GGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTAT TCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTA CCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAA ATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAA ATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCAT GAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTACTGGTCATTCTT GAGGATGTCAAGTTTCCAAAATTCAATGAAATTGTCCAGCTCAAATTGGCAGATGGAACTCTACGATCTGGACAAGTT TTGGAAGTCAGTGGATCAAAGGCAGTTGTTCAGGTATTTGAAGGCACATCAGGTATTGATGCTAAGAACACGGTGTGT GAGTTCACTGGAGATATTCTAAGAACTCCAGTATCAGAAGATATGCTGGGACGTGTCTTCAATGGATCAGGAAAACCC ATTGATAAAGGTCCCCCGATCCTGGCTGAGGACTACCTCGACATCCAAGGACAGCCGATCAACCCGTGGTCGCGTATT TATCCCGAGGAAATGATCCAGACTGGGATCACGGCCATCGACGTGATGAACTCTATCGCCAGAGGGCAGAAGATTCCG ATCTTCTCCGCCGCTGGGCTGCCCCACAATGAGATTGCAGCCCAGATTTGTAGGCAGGCTGGCTTGGTCAAAGTACCTG GCAAGTCTGTGCTGGATGACCATGAAGACAACTTTGCTATTGTGTTTGCTGCTATGGGTGTCAACATGGAAACTGCCAG GTTCTTCAAGCAGGACTTCGAAGAGAACGGCTCGATGGAGAACGTGTGTCTGTTCTTGAACTTGGCCAACGATCCGAC CATCGAGCGCATCATCACGCCGCGTTTGGCTCTGACGGCCGCCGAATTCTTGGCCTACCAGTGCGAGAAGCACGTGCT GGTCATCTTGACCGACATGTCGTCGTACGCGGAGGCGTTGCGTGAGGTGTCTGCCGCTCGAGAAGAAGTGCCCGGCCG TAGGGGTTTCCCCGGTTACATGTACACCGATCTGGCCACCATTTACGAGCGCGCCGGTCGTGTGGAGGGCCGCAACGG CTCCATCACGCAGATCCCCATCTTGACTATGCCCAA PC027 SEQ ID NO: 512 GGGCCAAGCACAGCGAAATGCAGCAAGCTAACTTGAAAGCACTACCAGAAGGAGCTGAAATCAGAGATGGAGAACGT TTGCCAGTCACAGTAAAGGACATGGGAGCATGCGAGATTTACCCACAAACAATCCAACACAACCCCAATGGGCGGTTT GTAGTGGTTTGTGGTGATGGAGAATACATAATATACACGGCTATGGCCCTTCGTAACAAAGCATTTGGTAGCGCTCAA GAATTTGTATGGGCACAGGACTCCAGTGAATATGCCATCCGCGAATCCGGATCCACCATTCGAATCTTCAAGAATTTCA AAGAAAAAAAGAATTTCAAGTCCGACTTTGGTGCCGAAGGAATCTATGGTGGTTTTCTCTTGGGTGTGAAATCAGTGT CTGGCTTAGCTTTCTATGACTGGGAAACGCTTGAGTTAGTAAGGCGCATTGAAATACAGCCTAGAGCTATCTACTGGTC AGATAGTGGCAAGTTGGTATGCCTTGCTACCGAAGATAGCTATTTCATATTGTCCTATGACTCTGACCAAGTCCAGAAA GCTAGAGATAACAACCAAGTTGCCGAAGATGGAGTGGAGGCTGCCTTTGATGTCCTAGGTGAAATAAATGAATCCGTA AGAACAGGTCTTTGGGTAGGAGACTGCTTCATTTACACAAACGCAGTCAACCGTATCAACTACTTTGTGGGTGGTGAA TTGGTAACTATTGCACATCTGGACCGTCCTCTATATGTCCTGGGCTATGTACCTAGAGATGACAGGTTATACTTGGTTG ATAAAGAGTTAGGAGTAGTCAGCTATCAATTGCTATTATCTGTACTCGAATATCAGACTGCAGTCATGCGACGAGACTT CCCAACGGCTGATCGAGTATTGCCTTCAATTCCAAAAGAACACCGCACTAGGGTGGCACAAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCA GCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGC ACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACA CGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAA TCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTT GCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTA AAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTC AGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATA AGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAA AGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCG CTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACC TGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGAT TTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTG CTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAAC AGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAA CAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACG ATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATT AAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATAT ATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTT ACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCC CTTTGTGCCACCCTAGTGCGGTGTTCTTTTGGAATTGAAGGCAATACTCGATCAGCCGTTGGGAAGTCTCGTCGCATGA CTGCAGTCTGATATTCGAGTACAGATAATAGCAATTGATAGCTGACTACTCCTAACTCTTTATCAACCAAGTATAACCT GTCATCTCTAGGTACATAGCCCAGGACATATAGAGGACGGTCCAGATGTGCAATAGTTACCAATTCACCACCCACAAA GTAGTTGATACGGTTGACTGCGTTTGTGTAAATGAAGCAGTCTCCTACCCAAAGACCTGTTCTTACGGATTCATTTATTT CACCTAGGACATCAAAGGCAGCCTCCACTCCATCTTCGGCAACTTGGTTGTTATCTCTAGCTTTCTGGACTTGGTCAGA GTCATAGGACAATATGAAATAGCTATCTTCGGTAGCAAGGCATACCAACTTGCCACTATCTGACCAGTAGATAGCTCT AGGCTGTATTTCAATGCGCCTTACTAACTCAAGCGTTTCCCAGTCATAGAAAGCTAAGCCAGACACTGATTTCACACCC AAGAGAAAACCACCATAGATTCCTTCGGCACCAAAGTCGGACTTGAAATTCTTTTTTTCTTTGAAATTCTTGAAGATTC GAATGGTGGATCCGGATTCGCGGATGGCATATTCACTGGAGTCCTGTGCCCATACAAATTCTTGAGCGCTACCAAATG CTTTGTTACGAAGGGCCATAGCCGTGTATATTATGTATTCTCCATCACCACAAACCACTACAAACCGCCCATTGGGGTT GTGTTGGATTGTTTGTGGGTAAATCTCGCATGCTCCCATGTCCTTTACTGTGACTGGCAAACGTTCTCCATCTCTGATTT CAGCTCCTTCTGGTAGTGCTTTCAAGTTAGCTTGCTGCATTTCGCTGTGCTTGGCCC

TABLE 9-MP Hairpin Sequence Target ID 5′ → 3′ MP001 SEQ ID NO: 1066 GTTTAAACGCACCCAAAGCATGGATGTTGGACAAATCGGGGGGTGTCTTCGCTCCACGTCCAAGCACCGGTCCACAC AAACTTCGTGAATCACTACCGTTATTGATCTTCTTGCGTAATCGTTTGAAGTATGCACTTACTGGTGCCGAAGTCACC AAGATTGTCATGCAAAGATTAATCAAGGTTGATGGCAAAGTCCGTACCGACCCTAATTATCCAGCCGGTTTTATGGA TGTTATATCTATCCAAAAGACCAGTGAGCACTTTAGATTGATCTATGATGTGAAAGGTCGTTTCACCATCCACAGAAT TACTCCTGAAGAAGCAAAATACAAGTTGTGTAAAGTAAAGAGGGTACAAACTGGACCCAAAGGTGTGCCATTTTTA ACTACTCATGATGGCCGTACTATTCGCTACCCTGACCCTAACATCAAGGTTAATGACACTATTAGATACGATATTGCA TCATCTAAAATTTTGGATCATATCCGTTTTGAAACTGGAAACTTGTGCATGATAACTGGAGGTCGCAATTTAGGGCGT GTTGGTATTGAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTC GACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTT AAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCA TTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCT TTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTG ATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATC CCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGG ATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCC TGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGT TACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTA CACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTT TTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCC GTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGT CTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAA CGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAA AGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCA TCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTA CCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTA CAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTG ATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCAATACCAACACGCCCTAAATTGC GACCTCCAGTTATCATGCACAAGTTTCCAGTTTCAAAACGGATATGATCCAAAATTTTAGATGATGCAATATCGTATC TAATAGTGTCATTAACCTTGATGTTAGGGTCAGGGTAGCGAATAGTACGGCCATCATGAGTAGTTAAAAATGGCACA CCTTTGGGTCCAGTTTGTACCCTCTTTACTTTACACAACTTGTATTTTGCTTCTTCAGGAGTAATTCTGTGGATGGTGA AACGACCTTTCACATCATAGATCAATCTAAAGTGCTCACTGGTCTTTTGGATAGATATAACATCCATAAAACCGGCTG GATAATTAGGGTCGGTACGGACTTTGCCATCAACCTTGATTAATCTTTGCATGACAATCTTGGTGACTTCGGCACCAG TAAGTGCATACTTCAAACGATTACGCAAGAAGATCAATAACGGTAGTGATTCACGAAGTTTGTGTGGACCGGTGCTT GGACGTGGAGCGAAGACACCCCCCGATTTGTCCAACATCCATGCTTTGGGTGCGTTTAAAC MP002 SEQ ID NO: 1067 GCTGATTTAAGTGCATCTGCTGCAGTTTTCATGGTAGTCAATACTGCTGTATTTGTGTTGGCACCTTCTAATGCCTCCC GCTGTTGTTCAATAGTTAACATGGTACCATCAATTTGGGCTAATTGTTGTTCGTACCGTTTCTTACGCTTCAATGCTTG CAATGCAGCTCGTTTATTAGTTGTACCATTTTTTTTGGCTATCGCTACTTCTTGTTCAATTTTTTTTTCTAAAAATTCTT GTTTCTTTATCAGCATCTCTTCAGTGGATCGAAGCTTTTGTATCGCATCTTCGGTTGATGGTCCCTTCTCTTCCTTTTTG CCACCAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCA TATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATG CTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAAC TAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATA TATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCC GGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAA TGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATT ACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATG AATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACAC CGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACAT ATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGT CTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTT CACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTG ATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGT GGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCA AAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTAC TAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCAC TAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTG AAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCC GCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTGGTGGCAAAAAGGAAGAGAAGGGACCAT CAACCGAAGATGCGATACAAAAGCTTCGATCCACTGAAGAGATGCTGATAAAGAAACAAGAATTTTTAGAAAAAAA AATTGAACAAGAAGTAGCGATAGCCAAAAAAAATGGTACAACTAATAAACGAGCTGCATTGCAAGCATTGAAGCGT AAGAAACGGTACGAACAACAATTAGCCCAAATTGATGGTACCATGTTAACTATTGAACAACAGCGGGAGGCATTAG AAGGTGCCAACACAAATACAGCAGTATTGACTACCATGAAAACTGCAGCAGATGCACTTAAATCAGC MP010 SEQ ID NO: 1068 CAGACCCTGTTCAGAATATGATGCATGTTAGTGCTGCATTTGATCAAGAAGCATCTGCCGTTTTAATGGCTCGTATGG TAGTGAACCGTGCTGAAACTGAGGATAGTCCAGATGTGATGCGTTGGGCTGATCGTACGCTTATACGCTTGTGTCAA AAATTTGGTGATTATCAAAAAGATGATCCAAATAGTTTCCGATTGCCAGAAAACTTCAGTTTATATCCACAGTTCATG TATCATTTAAGAAGGTCTCAATTTCTACAAGTTTTTAATAATAGTCCTGATGAAACATCATATTATAGGCACATGTTG ATGCGTGAAGATGTTACCCAAAGTTTAATCATGATACAGCCAATTCTGTATAGCTATAGTTTTAATGGTAGGCCAGA ACCTGTACTTTTGGATACCAGTAGTATTCAACCTGATAAAATATTATTGATGGACACATTTTTCCATATTTTGATATTC CATGGAGAGACTATTGCTCAATGGAGAGCAATGGATTATCAAAATAGACCAGAGTATAGTAACCTCAAGCAGTTGCT TCAAGCCCCCGTTGATGATGCTCAGGAAATTCTCAAAACTCGATTCCCAATGCAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTC TTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAG TGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTT AACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATC AAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTG CATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTA AAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTT CAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAA TAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAAT GAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTT CATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTG AAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCA GTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCGGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCG ACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATG AATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATGAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAG TCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCA CTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAA AACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAG CACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGC AAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAA GCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTTGCATTGGGAATCGAGTTTTGAGAATTTCCTGAGCATCATCAACGGGGGCTTGAAGCA ACTGCTTGAGGTTACTATACTCTGGTCTATTTTGATAATCCATTGCTCTCCATTGAGCAATAGTCTCTCCATGGAATAT CAAAATATGGAAAAATGTGTCCATCAATAATATTTTATCAGGTTGAATACTACTGGTATCCAAAAGTACAGGTTCTG GCCTACCATTAAAACTATAGCTATACAGAATTGGCTGTATCATGATTAAACTTTGGGTAACATCTTCACGCATCAACA TGTGCCTATAATATGATGTTTCATCAGGACTATTATTAAAAACTTGTAGAAATTGAGACCTTCTTAAATGATACATGA ACTGTGGATATAAACTGAAGTTTTCTGGCAATCGGAAACTATTTGGATCATCTTTTTGATAATCACCAAATTTTTGAC ACAAGCGTATAAGCGTACGATCAGCCCAACGCATCACATCTGGACTATCCTCAGTTTCAGCACGGTTCACTACCATA CGAGCCATTAAAACGGCAGATGCTTCTTGATCAAATGCAGCACTAACATGCATCATATTCTGAACAGGGTCTG MP016 SEQ ID NO: 1069 GTTTTCAATGGCAGTGGAAAGCCGATAGATAAAGGACCTCCTATTTTGGCTGAAGATTATTTGGATATTGAAGGCCA ACCTATTAATCCATACTCCAGAACATATCCTCAAGAAATGATTCAAACTGGTATTTCAGCTATTGATATCATGAACTC TATTGCTCGTGGACAAAAAATTCCAATATTTTCAGCTGCAGGTTTACCACATAATGAGATTGCTGCTCAAATTTGTAG ACAAGCTGGTCTCGTTAAAAAACCTGGTAAATCAGTTCTTGACGATCATGAAGACAATTTTGCTATAGTATTTGCTGC TATGGGTGTTAATATGGAAACAGCCAGATTCTTTAAACAAGATTTTGAGGAAAATGGTTCAATGGAGAATGTTTGTT TGTTCTTGAATTTAGCTAATGATCCTACTATTGAGCGTATCATTACACCACGAAGGGCGAATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTT GTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGCAGGCGGCCGCACTAGTG ATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAATATATGAGACACGTTAA CTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTAGAGTATAATATAATCAA ATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGTTCAAAGAAACAGTTGCA TCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAGGAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAA ATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGAACATTTTGAGGCATTTCA GTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAAGACCGTAAAGAAAAATA AGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGAATTCCGTATGGCAATGA AAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGCAAACTGAAACGTTTTCAT CGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATGTGGCGTGTTACGGTGAA AACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCTGGGTGAGTTTCACCAGT TTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAATATTATACGCAAGGCGAC AAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTCGGCAGAATGCTTAATGA ATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGCGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAATATGACTCTCAATAAAGTC TCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTACTCTAAGGAAAACTTCACT AAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAAGATCGGTGTGATACAAAA CCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCAGATAAACATAACTCAGCA CACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAAAGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAA GAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGC TGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTCGTGGTGTAATGATACGCTCAATAGTAGGATCATTAGCTAAATCAAGAACAAACAAAC ATTCTCCATTGAACCATTTTCCTCAAAATCTTGTTTAAAGAATCTGGCTGTTTCCATATTAACACCCATAGCAGCAAA TACTATAGCAAAATTGTCTTCATGATCGTCAAGAACTGATTTACCAGGTTTTTTAACGAGACCAGCTTGTCTACAAAT TTGAGCAGCAATCTCATTATGTGGTAAACCTGCAGCTGAAAATATTGGAATTTTTTGTCCACGAGCAATAGAGTTCAT GATATCAATAGCTGAAATACCAGTTTGAATCATTTCTTGAGGATATGTTCTGGAGTATGGATTAATAGGTTGGCCTTC AATATCCAAATAATCTTCAGCCAAAATAGGAGGTCCTTTATCTATCGGCTTTCCACTGCCATTGAAAAC MP027 SEQ ID NO: 1070 CCAAAAATACCATCTGCTCCACCTTCTGGTTTAAAAGACTTTTTTTCTTTAAAATTTTTAAAAACTTTGATTGTAGAAG AATTTTCTCTAATGGCATACTCAGAATCAGAAGACCATACAAAATCCTGAGCGGAGCCAAATGCTTTATTACGCAAA GCCATTGATGTATATATAATATACTCTCCATCACCACATACTACTAAAAATCTACCATTCGGATTATGAGATATTGAC TGTGGATAAATTTCACAGCTACCGATGTCTTAACTTGTATTGGTAAACGTTCACCATCTTTGATTTCGGCTCCTTCTG CTTGAAGCATCGCTTTAAGGTTAGCTTGTTGAATTTCACTATGACGTGCCCAAACAATTTTACCCCCATGAACATCCA TTGACATTGCTGGCTCTTCACGACCAACTTTAACCATTATACTTCCTTCATCATAACCTAGAGCTACATTATTAGATCC CCGTAAGCAACAGATTGTCCATACACGTTCTAACCCATAGTTTAATGATGATTCTAATCGATAAGTACCAGAATGCC AAATTCTGACGGTACCATCTTCTGAGCCAGTTAACACGATGGGAAGTTCTGGATGGAAACAAACGAGCAAGGGCGA ATTCGACCCAGCTTTCTTGTACAAAGTGGTGATATCACTAGTGCGGCCGCCTGCAGGTCGACCATATGGTCGACCTGC AGGCGGCCGCACTAGTGATGCTGTTATGTTCAGTGTCAAGCTGACCTGCAAACACGTTAAATGCTAAGAAGTTAGAA TATATGAGACACGTTAACTGGTATATGAATAAGCTGTAAATAACCGAGTATAAACTCATTAACTAATATCACCTCTA GAGTATAATATAATCAAATTCGACAATTTGACTTTCAAGAGTAGGCTAATGTAAAATCTTTATATATTTCTACAATGT TCAAAGAAACAGTTGCATCTAAACCCCTATGGCCATCAAATTCAATGAACGCTAAGCTGATCCGGCGAGATTTTCAG GAGCTAAGGAAGCTAAAATGGAGAAAAAAATCACTGGATATACCACCGTTGATATATCCCAATGGCATCGTAAAGA ACATTTTGAGGCATTTCAGTCAGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACCAGACCGTTCAGCTGGATATTACGGCCTTTTTAAA GACCGTAAAGAAAAATAAGCACAAGTTTTATCCGGCCTTTATTCACATTCTTGCCCGCCTGATGAATGCTCATCCGGA ATTCCGTATGGCAATGAAAGACGGTGAGCTGGTGATATGGGATAGTGTTCACCCTTGTTACACCGTTTTCCATGAGC AAACTGAAACGTTTTCATCGCTCTGGAGTGAATACCACGACGATTTCCGGCAGTTTCTACACATATATTCGCAAGATG TGGCGTGTTACGGTGAAAACCTGGCCTATTTCCCTAAAGGGTTTATTGAGAATATGTTTTTCGTCTCAGCCAATCCCT GGGTGAGTTTCACCAGTTTTGATTTAAACGTGGCCAATATGGACAACTTCTTCGCCCCCGTTTTCACCATGGGCAAAT ATTATACGCAAGGCGACAAGGTGCTGATGCCGCTGGCGATTCAGGTTCATCATGCCGTCTGTGATGGCTTCCATGTC GGCAGAATGCTTAATGAATTACAACAGTACTGCGATGAGTGGCAGGGGGGGGCGTAAACGCGTGGATCAGCTTAAT ATGACTCTCAATAAAGTCTCATACCAACAAGTGCCACCTTATTCAACCATCAAGAAAAAAGCCAAAATTTATGCTAC TCTAAGGAAAACTTCACTAAAGAAGACGATTTAGAGTGTTTTACCAAGAATTTCTGTCATCTTACTAAACAACTAAA GATCGGTGTGATACAAAACCTAATCTCATTAAAGTTTATGCTAAAATAAGCATAATTTTACCCACTAAGCGTGACCA GATAAACATAACTCAGCACACCAGAGCATATATATTGGTGGCTCAAATCATAGAAACTTACAGTGAAGACACAGAA AGCCGTAAGAAGAGGCAAGAGTATGAAACCTTACCTCATCATTTCCATGAGGTTGCTTCTGATCCCGCGGGATATCA CCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCGAATTCGCCCTTGCTCGTTTGTTTCCATCCAGAACTTCCCATCGTGTTAACTG GCTCAGAAGATGGTACCGTCAGAATTTGGCATTCTGGTACTTATCGATTAGAATCATCATTAAACTATGGGTTAGAA CGTGTATGGACAATCTGTTGCTTACGGGGATCTAATAATGTAGCTCTAGGTTATGATGAAGGAAGTATAATGGTTAA AGTTGGTCGTGAAGAGCCAGCAATGTCAATGGATGTTCATGGGGGTAAAATTGTTTGGGCACGTCATAGTGAAATTC AACAAGCTAACCTTAAAGCGATGCTTCAAGCAGAAGGAGCCGAAATCAAAGATGGTGAACGTTTACCAATACAAGT TAAAGACATGGGTAGCTGTGAAATTTATCGAGAGTCAATATCTCATAATCCGAATGGTAGATTTTAGTAGTATGTGG TGATGGAGAGTATATTATATATACATCAATGGCTTTGCGTAATAAAGCATTTGGCTCCGCTCAGGATTTTGTATGGTC TTCTGATTCTGAGTATGCCATTAGAGAAAATTCTTCTACAATCAAAGTTTTTAAAAATTTTAAAGAAAAAAAGTCTTT TAAACCAGAAGGTGGAGCAGATGGTATTTTTGG

TABLE 10-LD average bio- bacterial host no. of total weight/ assay strain treatment survivors weight larvae I diet only  8* 1.0245 0.1281 AB309-105 pGN29  8* 1.0124 0.1266 pGBNJ003 clone 1  4 0.0273 0.0068 pGBNJ003 clone 2  1 0.0091 0.0091 pGBNJ003 clone 3 25 0.7113 0.0285 pGBNJ003 clone 4 12 0.1379 0.0115 pGBNJ003 clone 5 12 0.1808 0.0151 II diet only  8* 1.0435 0.1304 BL21(DE3) pGN29  8* 1.1258 0.1407 pGBNJ003 clone 1 33 0.5879 0.0178 pGBNJ003 clone 2 42 0.8034 0.0191 pGBNJ003 clone 3 33 0.3441 0.0104 pGBNJ003 clone 4 21 0.1738 0.0083 pGBNJ003 clone 5 33 0.3628 0.0120

TABLES 10-NL (a) Mean % survival (days post start) Survival RNAi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 analysis¹ gfp 100 98 90 82 68 60 44 32 20 − diet only 100 98 96 86 74 68 58 54 38 − NL002 100 98 90 76 68 34 6 0 0 + NL003 100 98 74 48 36 22 12 2 0 + NL005 100 100 74 56 40 20 16 6 4 + NL010 100 96 74 56 48 30 18 12 8 + Chi squared P value Sig. Dif.² diet versus: NL002 29.06 <0.0001 Yes NL003 39.59 <0.0001 Yes NL005 29.55 <0.0001 Yes NL010 21.04 <0.0001 Yes gfp dsRNA versus: NL002 15.09 0.0001 Yes NL003 22.87 <0.0001 Yes NL005 15.12 <0.0001 Yes NL010 8.838 0.0029 Yes diet versus gfp dsRNA 4.030 0.0447 (~0.05) No ¹= Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis ²alpha < 0.05

TABLES 10-NL (b) Mean % survival (days post start) Survival RNAi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 analysis¹ gfp 100 96 84 82 76 70 54 50 44 − diet only 100 96 88 82 76 70 54 50 44 − NL009 100 94 75 63 42 30 24 22 14 + NL016 100 94 84 78 54 44 36 18 14 + Chi squared P value Sig. Dif.² diet versus: NL009 11.98 0.0005 Yes NL016 8.98 0.0027 Yes gfp dsRNA versus: NL009 13.69 0.0002 Yes NL016 11.37 0.0007 Yes diet versus gfp dsRNA 0.03317 0.8555 No ¹= Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis ²alpha < 0.05

TABLES 10-NL (c) Mean % survival (days post start) Survival RNAi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 analysis¹ gfp 100 92 84 78 72 62 58 56 48 − diet only 100 84 72 68 64 58 52 42 42 − NL014 100 86 68 60 46 32 24 18 14 + NL018 100 82 70 54 40 30 18 14 12 + Chi squared P value Sig. Dif.² diet versus: NL014 8.088 0.0045 Yes NL018 10.47 0.0012 Yes gfp dsRNA versus: NL014 14.55 0.0001 Yes NL018 17.64 <0.0001 Yes diet versus gfp dsRNA 0.6548 0.4184 No ¹= Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis ²alpha < 0.05

TABLES 10-NL (d) Mean % survival (days post start) Survival RNAi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 analysis¹ gfp 100 96 84 84 72 68 68 66 66 62 − diet 100 96 86 82 74 72 70 70 66 58 − only NL013 100 94 82 68 50 40 30 28 20 20 + NL015 100 100 72 30 18 12 8 6 6 6 + NL021 100 100 84 58 50 44 40 34 34 22 + Chi squared P value Sig. Dif.² diet versus: NL013 15.73 <0.0001 Yes NL015 39.44 <0.0001 Yes NL021 12.75 0.0004 Yes gfp dsRNA versus: NL013 16.42 <0.0001 Yes NL015 39.15 <0.0001 Yes NL021 14.1 0.0002 Yes diet versus gfp dsRNA 0.1031 0.7481 No ¹= Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis ²alpha < 0.05

TABLE 11-NL Mean % survival (days post start) Survival NL002 RNAi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 analysis¹ diet only 100 100 96 90 86 78 78 78 −   1 μg/μl 100 84 80 44 26 8 6 6 +  0.2 μg/μl 100 84 60 12 8 4 2 2 + 0.08 μg/μl 100 84 62 18 14 6 6 6 + 0.04 μg/μl 100 84 48 24 22 22 22 22 + diet versus: Chi squared P value Sig. Dif.² NL002 1 μg/μl 57.53 <0.0001 Yes NL002 0.2 μg/μl 74.54 <0.0001 Yes NL002 0.08 μg/μl 64 <0.0001 Yes NL002 0.04 μg/μl 39.49 <0.0001 Yes ¹= Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis ²alpha < 0.05 

1-40. (canceled)
 41. An isolated nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of a nucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481; a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481; and an ortholog of a gene comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleotides of any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481; and a complement of an ortholog of a gene comprising at least 17 contiguous nucleotides of any of SEQ ID NOs 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and
 2481. 42. A double stranded ribonucleotide sequence produced from the expression of a polynucleotide sequence of any of claim 41, wherein ingestion of said ribonucleotide sequence by a plant pest inhibits the growth of said pest.
 43. The ribonucleotide sequence of claim 42, wherein ingestion of said sequence inhibits expression of a nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to said sequence.
 44. A cell transformed with a polynucleotide of claim
 41. 45. The cell of claim 42, wherein said cell is a plant cell.
 46. A plant transformed with a polynucleotide of claim
 41. 47. A seed of the plant of claim 44, wherein said seed comprises said polynucleotide.
 48. A product produced from the plant of claim
 44. 49. The product of claim 48, wherein said product is selected from a group consisting of food, feed, fiber, paper, meal, protein, starch, flour, silage, coffee, tea, and oil.
 50. A plant comprising a double stranded ribonucleic acid sequence derived from a pest species.
 51. The plant of claim 48, wherein said pest is selected from a group consisting of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, flatworms, roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, trypanosomes, schistosomes, botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, and lice.
 52. The plant of claim 48, wherein said sequence inhibits a pest biological activity.
 53. The plant of claim 48, wherein said sequence inhibits expression of a target sequence.
 54. The plant of claim 51, wherein said target sequence is an insect, nematode, bacteria, or fungi sequence.
 55. The plant of claim 48, wherein said plant is cytoplasmic male sterile.
 56. A method for controlling pest infestation, comprising providing a pest with plant material comprising a polynucleotide sequence that inhibits a pest biological activity.
 57. The method of claim 54, wherein said polynucleotide sequence is set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 49-158, 159, 160-163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 198, 203, 208, 215, 220, 225, 230, 240-247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 275-472, 473, 478, 483, 488, 493, 498, 503, 508-513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 533-575, 576, 581, 586, 591, 596, 601, 603, 605, 607, 609, 621-767, 768, 773, 778, 783, 788, 793, 795, 797, 799, 801, 813-862, 863, 868, 873, 878, 883, 888, 890, 892, 894, 896, 908-1040, 1041, 1046, 1051, 1056, 1061, 1066-1071, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1079, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1091, 1093, 1095, 1097, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1109, 1111, 1113, 1161-1571, 1572, 1577, 1582, 1587, 1592, 1597, 1602, 1607, 1612, 1617, 1622, 1627, 1632, 1637, 1642, 1647, 1652, 1657, 1662, 1667, 1672, 1677, 1682, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1730-2039, 2040, 2045, 2050, 2055, 2060, 2065, 2070, 2075, 2080, 2085, 2090, 2095, 2100, 2102, 2104, 2106, 2108, 2120-2338, 2339, 2344, 2349, 2354, 2359, 2364, 2366, 2368, 2370, 2372, 2384-2460, 2461, 2466, 2471, 2476, and 2481, or a complement thereof.
 58. A pesticide comprising a plant expressing a target polynucleotide sequence.
 59. A method for controlling pest infestation, comprising: (a) identifying a target sequence in a pest; (b) introducing said sequence into a plant; and c) providing said plant, or portion thereof, to said pest.
 60. A method for controlling pest infestation, comprising: a) identifying a target sequence in a first pest species; b) searching for an orthologous target sequence in a second pest species; c) introducing said orthologous sequence into a plant; and d) providing said plant, or portion thereof, to said second pest
 61. A method for improving crop yield, comprising: a) introducing a polynucleotide according to claim 41 into a plant; and b) cultivating said plant to allow polynucleotide expression, wherein said expression inhibits feeding by a pest and loss of yield due to pest infestation.
 62. The method of claim 61, wherein polynucleotide expression produces an RNA molecule that suppresses a target gene in an insect pest that has ingested a portion of said crop plant, wherein said target gene performs at least one essential function selected from the group consisting of feeding by the pest, viability of the pest, pest cell apoptosis, differentiation and development of the pest or any pest cell, sexual reproduction by the pest, muscle formation, muscle twitching, muscle contraction, juvenile hormone formation and/or reduction, juvenile hormone regulation, ion regulation and transport, maintenance of cell membrane potential, amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, sperm formation, pheromone synthesis, pheromone sensing, antennae formation, wing formation, leg formation, egg formation, larval maturation, digestive enzyme formation, haemolymph synthesis, haemolymph maintenance, neurotransmission, larval stage transition, pupation, emergence from pupation, cell division, energy metabolism, respiration, cytoskeletal structure synthesis and maintenance, nucleotide metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, water use, water retention, and sensory perception.
 63. The method of claim 59, wherein said pest is selected from the group consisting of insects, nematodes, and fungi.
 64. A method for producing a commodity product, comprising: a) identifying a target sequence in a pest; b) introducing said sequence into a plant cell; c) growing said plant cell under conditions suitable for generating a plant; and d) producing a commodity product from said plant or part thereof.
 65. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from L. decemlineata and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 66. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from P. cochleariae and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 67. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from E. varivetis and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 68. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from A. grandis and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 69. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from T. castaneum and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 70. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from M. persicae and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 71. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from N. lugens and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 72. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from C. suppressalis and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 73. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from P. xylostella and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, Clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 74. A method according to claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from A. domesticus and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 75. A method according claim 54, wherein said target is a gene from a fungus and said plant is selected from the group consisting of acacia, alfalfa, apple, apricot, artichoke, ash tree, asparagus, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beet, birch, beech, blackberry, blueberry, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cantaloupe, carrot, cassava, cauliflower, cedar, a cereal, celery, chestnut, cherry, Chinese cabbage, citrus, clementine, clover, coffee, cotton, cowpea, cucumber, cypress, eggplant, elm, endive, eucalyptus, fennel, figs, fir, geranium, grape, grapefruit, groundnuts, ground cherry, gum hemlock, hickory, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, larch, lettuce, leek, lemon, lime, locust, pine, maidenhair, maize, mango, maple, melon, millet, mushroom, mustard, nuts, oak, oats, okra, onion, orange, an ornamental plant or flower or tree, papaya, palm, parsley, parsnip, pea, peach, peanut, pear, peat, pepper, persimmon, pigeon pea, pine, pineapple, plantain, plum, pomegranate, potato, pumpkin, radicchio, radish, rapeseed, raspberry, rice, rye, sorghum, sallow, spinach, spruce, squash, strawberry, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sunflower, sweet potato, sweet corn, tangerine, tea, tobacco, tomato, trees, triticale, turf grasses, turnips, a vine, walnut, watercress, watermelon, wheat, yams, yew, and zucchini.
 76. A method for treating insect infestation of plants comprising making a cell according to claim
 42. 77. A method for treating nematode infestation of plants comprising making a cell according to claim
 42. 